Masu cin kasuwa a cikin al'ummar yau suna ba da hankali sosai ga manufar kariyar muhalli, kuma mafi yawan ma'anar ingancin samfurin ya canza a hankali. Hasashen fahimta na samfurin 'ƙamshi' shima ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan alamomin masu amfani don tantance ingancin samfur. Sau da yawa masu amfani suna yin sharhi ne kawai akan samfur kamar: "Lokacin da ka buɗe kunshin, akwai ƙaƙƙarfan ƙamshin filastik, wanda yake da zafi sosai" ko "Lokacin da ka buɗe akwatin takalmin, akwai ƙamshin manne, kuma samfurin yana jin dadi. kasa". Tasirin ba zai iya jurewa ga masana'antun da yawa. Ƙanshi shine mafi yawan ji na masu amfani. Idan ana buƙatar ingantaccen ƙididdigewa, muna buƙatar fahimtar manufar VOCs.
1. Menene VOCs da rabe-raben su?
VOCs shi ne taƙaitaccen sunan Ingilishi "Magungunan Kwayoyin Halitta" na mahaɗan maras tabbas. Dukansu mahaɗaɗɗen ƙwayoyin halitta na Sinawa da masu canzawa na Ingilishi suna da ɗan tsayi, don haka al'ada ce a yi amfani da VOCs ko VOC a takaice.TVOC(Total Volatile Organic Compounds) an ayyana shi bisa ga wasu ƙa'idodi: samfurin tare da Tenax GC da Tenax TA, an bincika tare da ginshiƙin chromatographic mara iyaka (ƙididdigar polarity ƙasa da 10), kuma lokacin riƙewa yana tsakanin n-hexane da n-hexadecane. Kalma na gabaɗaya don mahaɗin kwayoyin halitta masu canzawa. Yana nuna jimlar matakin VOCs kuma a halin yanzu shine ya fi kowabukatan gwaji. Farashin SVOC(Semi Volatile Organic Compounds): Abubuwan da ake samu a cikin iska ba VOCs kawai ba ne. Wasu mahadi na kwayoyin halitta na iya kasancewa a lokaci guda a cikin yanayin gaseous da kuma abubuwan da ke da alaƙa a cikin zafin jiki, kuma rabo a cikin matakai biyu zai canza yayin da yanayin zafi ya canza. Irin waɗannan mahadi na halitta ana kiran su mahaɗaɗɗen ma'auni, ko SVOCs a takaice.NVOCHar ila yau, akwai wasu mahadi na kwayoyin halitta waɗanda kawai ke wanzuwa a cikin ɓangarorin kwayoyin halitta a cikin zafin daki, kuma su ne mahaɗaɗɗen ƙwayoyin halitta marasa ƙarfi, waɗanda ake kira NVOCs. Ko VOCs ne, SVOCs ko NVOCs a cikin sararin samaniya, duk suna shiga cikin sinadarai na yanayi da tsarin jiki, kuma wasu daga cikinsu na iya yin haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam kai tsaye. Suna kawo tasirin muhalli ciki har da tasirin iska, da tasirin yanayi da yanayi, da sauransu.
2. Wadanne abubuwa ne aka fi ƙunsa a cikin VOCs?
Dangane da tsarin sinadarai na mahadi masu canzawa (VOCs), ana iya ƙara su zuwa kashi 8: alkanes, hydrocarbons aromatic, alkenes, halogenated hydrocarbons, esters, aldehydes, ketones da sauran mahadi. Daga mahangar kariyar muhalli, galibi yana nufin nau'in mahaɗar kwayoyin halitta masu canzawa tare da kaddarorin sinadarai masu aiki. VOCs na yau da kullun sun haɗa da benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, trichlorethylene, chloroform, trichloroethane, diisocyanate (TDI), diisocyanocresyl, da sauransu.
Hatsarin VOCs?
(1) Haushi da guba: Lokacin da VOCs suka wuce wani taro, za su fusatar da idanu da tsarin numfashi na mutane, haifar da rashin lafiyar fata, ciwon makogwaro da gajiya; VOCs na iya sauƙaƙe ta hanyar shingen jini-kwakwalwa kuma suna lalata tsarin juyayi na tsakiya; VOCs na iya cutar da hanta ɗan adam , kodan, kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi.
(2) Carcinogenicity, teratogenicity da tsarin haihuwa mai guba. Kamar formaldehyde, p-xylene (PX), da dai sauransu.
(3) Tasirin Greenhouse, wasu abubuwan VOCs sune abubuwan da aka riga aka ambata na ozone, kuma yanayin photochemical na VOC-NOx yana ƙaruwa da tattarawar ozone a cikin troposphere na yanayi kuma yana haɓaka tasirin greenhouse.
(4) Rushewar Ozone: Ƙarƙashin aikin hasken rana da zafi, yana shiga cikin amsawar nitrogen oxides don samar da ozone, wanda ke haifar da rashin ingancin iska kuma shine babban ɓangaren photochemical smog da hazo na birane a lokacin rani.
(5) PM2.5, VOCs a cikin yanayi suna lissafin kusan 20% zuwa 40% na PM2.5, kuma wani ɓangare na PM2.5 yana canzawa daga VOCs.
Me yasa kamfanoni ke buƙatar sarrafa VOCs a cikin samfuran?
- 1. Rashin abubuwan da ke nuna samfurin da kuma tallace-tallace.
- 2. homogenization na kayayyakin da m gasar. Yaƙin farashin ya haifar da faɗuwar ribar kamfanoni, abin da ya sa ya zama mai dorewa.
- 3. Mabukaci gunaguni, mummunan sake dubawa. Wannan abu yana da tasiri sosai akan masana'antar kera motoci. Lokacin da masu amfani suka zaɓi mota, ban da buƙatun aikin, mai nuna warin da ke fitowa daga cikin motar ya isa ya canza zaɓi na ƙarshe.
4. Mai siye ya ƙi kuma ya mayar da samfurin. Saboda dadewar da ake ajiyewa a cikin rufaffiyar rumbun da kayayyakin cikin gida, warin kan yi tsanani idan an bude kwantena, wanda hakan kan sa ma’aikacin sufuri ya ki sauke kayan, wanda ya saya ya ki, ko kuma ya bukaci cikakken bayani. binciken tushen warin, kimanta haɗari, da sauransu. Ko samfurin ya fitar da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙamshi yayin amfani (kamar: fryer, tanda, dumama da kwandishan, da sauransu), yana sa masu amfani su dawo da samfurin.
5. Bukatun dokoki da ka'idoji. Ƙaddamar da EU kwanan nan naformaldehyde watsi bukatuna cikin Annex XVII na REACH (bukatun tilas) yana gabatar da buƙatu masu girma don fitar da samfuran kasuwanci. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, buƙatun ƙasata don kula da VOCs ma sun kasance akai-akai, har ma a sahun gaba a duniya. Misali, bayan abin da ya faru na "titin jirgin sama mai guba" wanda ya ja hankalin al'umma, an bullo da ka'idojin da suka wajaba na kasa da kasa na wuraren wasannin roba. Blue Sky Defence ya ƙaddamar da jerinwajibi bukatundon kayayyakin danye da sauransu.
TTSya daɗe da himma ga bincike da haɓaka fasahar gano VOC, yana da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu sana'a da cikakkiyar tsarigwajikayan aiki, kuma zai iya ba abokan ciniki sabis na tsayawa ɗaya daga sarrafa ingancin samfur zuwa samfurin VOC na ƙarshe. daya.Game da gwajin VOCSabis na gwaji na VOC na iya ɗaukar hanyoyin da aka yi niyya daban-daban don samfura daban-daban da dalilai daban-daban: 1. Raw kayan: Hanyar jakar micro-cage (jakar samfurin don gwajin VOC na musamman), Hanyar bincike ta thermal 2. Samfurin da aka gama: jakar Standard Hanyar VOC yanayin sito Hanyar ( daban-daban bayani dalla-dalla daidai da daban-daban masu girma dabam na samfurori) ya dace da: tufafi, takalma, kayan wasa, ƙananan kayan aiki, da dai sauransu Features: Bureau Veritas yana ba da sabis don manyan hanyoyin sito, waɗanda suka dace da cikakken saiti na furniture (kamar sofas, Wardrobe). , da dai sauransu) ko cikakken kimantawa na manyan kayan aikin gida (firiji, kwandishan). Don na'urorin lantarki na gida, ana iya aiwatar da ƙima sau biyu na yanayin gudu da mara aiki na injin gabaɗaya don kwaikwayi sakin VOC na samfurin a cikin sufuri ko yanayin amfani da daki.Biyu: Ƙimar wari TTSya tsunduma cikin ayyukan gwajin VOC na dogon lokaci, kuma yana da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙungiyar kimantawa "hanci na zinare", wanda zai iya samar da shi.m, manufakumagaskiyasabis na ƙimar wari don samfuran.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-07-2023