Abubuwan yumbu na yau da kullun suna nufin kayan aiki a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun na mutane, kamar kayan tebur, saitin shayi, saitin giya ko wasu kayan aiki. Saboda babban buƙatun kasuwa, a matsayin mai dubawa, akwai dama da yawa don saduwa da irin waɗannan samfuran. A yau, zan ba ku wasu ilimi game da duba yumbu masu amfani da kullun.
Bambanci Tsakanin Tukwane da Kasuwar
Bambanci tsakanin nau'ikan yumbu iri-iri
Dubawa na marufi
Da farko, ya kamata a gudanar da binciken marufi bisa ga takamaiman yarjejeniya da bangarorin biyu suka sanya hannu. Marufi na waje ya kamata ya kasance mai ƙarfi, kuma rufin ciki ya kamata a yi shi da kayan da ba su da ƙarfi; sassan samfurin, kamar tukunyar shayi da murfi, yakamata a raba su da takarda mai laushi. A wajen akwatin tattara kaya (kwando), yakamata a sami alamun “abubuwa masu rauni” da “abubuwan da ba su da ɗanɗano”.
Bayan cirewa, yakamata a bincika ko akwai lalacewa kuma adadin guntuwar gajere ne, da ko sunan samfurin da ƙayyadaddun ƙira sun yi daidai da yarjejeniyar. Hakanan ya kamata a duba cikar sa, kamar ko jimlar adadin kayan teburi masu kyau a cikin cikakkiyar saiti (wanda aka fi sani da kai nawa) daidai ne.
Binciken lahani na bayyanar
1. Deformation: yana nufin siffar samfurin da bai dace da ƙayyadadden ƙira ba.
2. Maƙarƙashiyar bakin da kunne: Tsawon hannun baki da kunne ba shi da daɗi da karkace.
3. Pimple: Yana nufin ƙaƙƙarfan siffa mai kama da ƙaƙƙarfan siffar jikin da ke ƙarƙashin gilashi.
4. Kumfa: yana nufin kumfa mai raɗaɗi da ke tasowa akan jikin da ke ƙarƙashin gilashi.
5. Slag: Yana nufin lahani da ragowar laka da glaze ke haifarwa a kan babur da ba a cire ba.
6.Rashin laka: yana nufin lamarin cewa koren jiki bai cika ba.
7. Glaze kumfa: yana nufin ƙananan kumfa a saman glaze.
8. Blister gefen: yana nufin jerin ƙananan kumfa da ke bayyana a gefen bakin samfurin.
9. Fashewa mara kyau: Yana nufin bawon gida wanda rashin kula da danshi ya haifar kafin babu komai ya shiga cikin kiln.
10. Soyayyen glaze: yana nufin abin da ya faru na fatattaka a saman glazed na samfurin.
11. Cracks: yana nufin lahani da aka samu ta hanyar tsattsagewar sarari da glaze, waɗanda suka kasu kashi uku. Na farko wani tsaga ne da glaze ya rufe, wanda ake kira crack yin. Na biyu shi ne cewa glaze ya tsage kuma jiki ba ya tsage, wanda ake kira glaze cracking. Na uku shi ne cewa duka jiki da glaze sun tsage, wanda ake kira fashewar jiki da glaze.
12. Ramin narkakkar: yana nufin ramin da aka samar ta hanyar narkar da kayan fussuful yayin aikin harbe-harbe.
13. Spots: yana nufin tabo masu launi a saman kayan, wanda kuma aka sani da tabo na ƙarfe.
14. Pores: yana nufin ƙananan ramuka (ko launin ruwan ido na alade, pinholes) da ke kan glaze surface.
15. Slag fadowa: yana nufin saggar ash da sauran barbashi slag manne da glazed saman samfurin.
16. Ƙaƙwalwar gefen ƙasa: yana nufin ƙananan ɓangarorin slag da ke manne a gefen ƙafar samfurin.
17. Batun allura: alamar da tallafi ya bari akan samfurin.
18. Tabo mai ɗaki: lahani da aka samu ta hanyar haɗin kai tsakanin korewar jiki da baƙon abu yayin harbi.
19. Wuta ƙaya: Ƙaƙƙarfan saman ƙasa mai launin ruwan kasa sakamakon tokar kuda a cikin harshen wuta.
20. Rashin glaze: Yana nufin raguwar ɓarna na samfurin.
21, orange glaze: yana nufin glaze mai kama da kwasfa orange.
22. Mud glaze strand: yana nufin al'amari mai kama da bakin koren jiki da kuma saman mai kyalli da ake daga wani bangare.
23. Gilashin bakin ciki: Yana nufin glaze Layer a saman samfurin, wanda ya samar da hoton cewa saman glaze ba shi da haske.
24. Launi mai datti: yana nufin bayyanar launuka masu bambanta a saman samfurin wanda bai kamata ya kasance ba.
25. Launi mara kyau: yana nufin rashin daidaituwar launi na nau'i ɗaya ko kuma al'amuran rashin haske da rashin wuta ke haifarwa.
26. Rashin layi: yana nufin lahani na layi da gefuna da aka yi ado da layi.
27. Rashin hoto: Yana nufin abin mamaki na hoton da bai cika ba da kuma launi mara kyau.
28. Baked flower m glaze: yana nufin launin launi da lalacewar glaze a kan glazed surface na samfurin a lokacin yin burodi tsari.
29. Dattin ƙafafu na ƙasa: Yana nufin wasu ƙazanta masu mannewa ga ƙafar ƙasa da kuma canza launin.
30. Bambance-bambancen launi na laka na haɗin gwiwa na baki da kunne: Launin haɗin gwiwa na baki da kunne bai dace da samfurin da kansa ba.
31. Gypsum datti: yana nufin yanayin heterochromatic na koren jiki saboda mannewar gypsum.
32. Zinariya mai shuɗi: Al'amari mai launin shuɗi wanda ƙarfen ke haifarwa ya zama siriri sosai.
33. Kyafaffen: yana nufin bayyanar launin toka, baki da launin ruwan kasa a bangare ko duk na samfurin.
34. Yin rawaya: yana nufin wani bangare ko cikakkiyar rawaya na samfurin.
35. Glaze scratches: yana nufin sabon abu na streaks da asarar wani bangare na mai sheki a saman glazed na kaya.
36. Bump: yana nufin tasiri ko ɓarna kaya, wanda kuma aka sani da rauni mai wuya.
37. Alamar birgima: tana nufin alamun sifar baka da aka samar a cikin mirgina ko latsa wuka.
38. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan glaze na samfurin.
Gwajin fihirisar jiki da sinadarai
1. Gwajin shayar da ruwa na yumbu na yau da kullun
2. Dubawa na thermal kwanciyar hankali na gida tukwane
3. Farin yumburan yau da kullun
4. Duban gubar da cadmium narkar da yumbu na yau da kullun.
Duban Fine na yau da kullun
1. Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun sinadarai masu kyau don amfanin yau da kullum
An rarraba ƙayyadaddun samfuran zuwa na musamman, babba, matsakaici, da ƙanana. Ana nuna takamaiman abun ciki a cikin tebur:
2. Rarraba kyakkyawan ain don amfanin yau da kullun
An kasu kashi mai kyau na yau da kullun zuwa maki huɗu bisa ga ingancin bayyanar, kuma takamaiman buƙatun sune kamar haka:
Babu fiye da nau'ikan lahani 4 akan kowane samfur don samfuran aji na farko;
Kayayyakin aji na biyu ba za su wuce lahani 5 ga kowane samfur ba;
Kowane samfurin samfurin aji na uku kada ya wuce nau'ikan lahani guda 6;
Kowane samfurin na Grade 4 ba zai sami fiye da nau'ikan lahani 7 ba;
Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga ma'auni, ana kuma buƙatar:
1. Yawan sha ruwa kada ya wuce 0.5%.
2. The thermal kwanciyar hankali bukatun, daga 200 ℃ zuwa 20 ℃ ruwa, zafi musayar ba zai fashe sau daya (kashi china ba iyakance).
3. Farin farar farar fata ba zai zama ƙasa da 65% ba, sai dai samfuran da ke da glaze shuɗi da salon launi na musamman.
4. Narkar da gubar a saman lamba tare da abinci bai wuce 7PPM ba, kuma rushewar cadmium bai wuce 0.5PPM ba.
5. Haƙuri na diamita. Don diamita daidai ko mafi girma fiye da 60 mm, ba da izini daga +1.5% zuwa -1%; don diamita kasa da 60 mm, ba da izinin ± 2%.
6. Lokacin da aka karkatar da tukunya a digiri 70, kada murfin ya fadi. Lokacin da aka motsa murfin zuwa gefe ɗaya, nisa tsakanin murfi da spout kada ta wuce 3 mm. Bakin mazugi bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 3 mm daga spout ba.
7. Launi mai haske da launi na hoto na saitin samfurori ya kamata su kasance daidai, kuma ƙayyadaddun bayanai da girma ya kamata su kasance daidai.
8. Ba a yarda da soya glaze, bumping, fashe da lahani.
Binciken tukwane mai kyau na yau da kullun
1. Bayani dalla-dalla na tukwane mai kyau na yau da kullun
An rarraba ƙayyadaddun samfuran zuwa na musamman, babba, matsakaici, da ƙanana. Ana nuna takamaiman abun ciki a cikin tebur
2. Grading na yau da kullum lafiya tukwane
Ana rarraba tukwane mai kyau na yau da kullun zuwa maki uku bisa ga ingancin bayyanar, takamaiman buƙatun sune kamar haka:
Kayayyakin aji na farko ba za su wuce lahani 5 ga kowane samfur ba;
Kayayyakin aji na biyu ba za su wuce lahani 6 ga kowane samfur ba;
Kowane samfurin samfurin aji na uku kada ya wuce nau'ikan lahani guda 8;
Bugu da kari, ma'auni ya tanadi cewa:
1. Girman taya yana da yawa, kuma yawan sha ruwa bai wuce 15% ba.
2. Gwargwadon glaze yana da santsi kuma launi yana da tsabta.
3. Thermal kwanciyar hankali bukatun, daga 200 ℃ zuwa 20 ℃ ruwa, da zafi musayar ba zai fashe sau daya.
4. Dole ne samfurin ya kasance mai laushi da kwanciyar hankali lokacin da aka sanya shi a kan shimfidar wuri.
5. Haƙuri na diamita na samfur, haƙuri shine + 1.5% zuwa 1% don diamita mafi girma ko daidai da 60 mm, kuma haƙuri shine ± 2% don diamita kasa da 60 mm.
6. Girman murfi da bakin duk samfuran da aka rufe dole ne su dace.
7. Ba a yarda da samfurin ya sami glaze na soya, bumping, ƙwanƙwasa da lahani ba, kuma babu buɗaɗɗen buɗewa da fashe a gefen baki da sasanninta.
8. Launi mai haske, hoto da sheki na cikakken saitin samfurori ya kamata su kasance daidai, kuma ƙayyadaddun bayanai da girma ya kamata su kasance daidai.
9. Narkar da gubar a saman lamba tare da abinci bai wuce 7PPM ba, kuma rushewar cadmium bai wuce 0.5PPM ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-16-2022