Ilimin duba yumbu na yau da kullun

yumbu kayan aiki ne da samfuran yumbu iri-iri da aka yi daga yumbu a matsayin babban ɗanyen abu da ma'adanai daban-daban ta hanyar murkushewa, haɗawa, siffatawa da ƙididdigewa. Mutane suna kiran abubuwa da aka yi da yumbu kuma ana harba su a yanayin zafi a cikin kiln na musamman da ake kira yumbu. Ceramics shine kalmar gaba ɗaya don tukwane da ain. Tunanin gargajiya na yumbu yana nufin duk samfuran masana'antu na wucin gadi ta amfani da ma'adanai marasa ƙarfe na inorganic kamar yumbu azaman albarkatun ƙasa.

Babban wuraren samar da yumbu sune Jingdezhen, Gao'an, Fengcheng, Pingxiang, Foshan, Chaozhou, Dehua, Liling, Zibo da sauran wurare.

Bukatun marufi:

(1) Katunan da marufi suna da tsabta, tsabta, aminci, kuma ƙarfin marufi ya cika buƙatun sufuri na teku, ƙasa da iska;

(2) Abubuwan da ke cikin alamar kwali na waje da ƙananan alamar akwatin suna bayyane kuma daidai kuma sun cika buƙatun marufi;

(3) Alamar akwatin ciki na samfurin da alamar samfurin jiki suna da tsabta da tsabta, kuma abun ciki daidai ne;

(4) Alamu da alamun sun yi daidai da ainihin abubuwan, adadin daidai ne, kuma ba a yarda da haɗuwa ba;

(5) LOGO a bayyane yake kuma yana da daidaitaccen tsari.

Ma'aunin duba ingancin gani:

(1) Lambun yana da laushi, glaze yana da ɗanɗano, kuma fassarar yana da kyau;

(2) Ya kamata a sanya samfurin a hankali a kan shimfidar wuri, kuma murfin kayan da aka rufe ya kamata ya dace da baki;

(3) Ba a barin murfin tukunyar ya fadi idan tukunyar ta karkata 70°. Lokacin da murfi ya motsa ta hanya ɗaya, nisa tsakanin gefensa da spout ba dole ba ne ya wuce 3mm kuma bakin spout kada ya zama ƙasa da 3mm;

(4) Launi mai haske da launi na hoto na cikakken saitin samfuran ya kamata su kasance daidai, kuma ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun da girman samfurin iri ɗaya ya kamata su kasance daidai;

(5) Kowane samfurin kada ya kasance yana da lahani fiye da hudu, kuma kada su kasance mai yawa;

(6) Babu matsala na fashewar glaze a saman samfurin, kuma samfuran da ke da tasirin glaze ba a haɗa su ba.

Gwajin ingancin dubawa:

(1) Abun ciki na tricalcium phosphate a cikin samfurin bai ƙasa da 30% ba;

(2) Yawan sha ruwa bai wuce 3% ba;

(3) Thermal kwanciyar hankali: Ba zai fasa bayan an saka shi cikin ruwa 20 ℃ a 140 ℃ don musayar zafi;

(4) Yawan narkar da gubar da cadmium akan fuskar tuntuɓar kowane samfur da abinci yakamata ya bi ƙa'idodi;

(5) Kuskuren Caliber: Idan caliber ya fi girma ko daidai da 60mm, kuskuren da aka yarda shine + 1.5% ~ -1.0%, kuma idan caliber ɗin ya kasance ƙasa da 60mm, kuskuren izini yana da ƙari ko rage 2.0%;

(6) Kuskuren nauyi: + 3% don samfuran nau'in I da + 5% don samfuran nau'in II.

Gwajin tsokaci:

1. Hankalin marufi, ko ana jigilar shi, da kuma ko an gwada ta ta hanyar zubar da akwatin.

2. Shin wajibi ne a yi gwajin sha ruwa? Wasu masana'antu ba sa goyan bayan wannan gwajin.

3. Gwajin tsufa, wato, canza launi saboda hasken ultraviolet da fallasa ga rana

4. Gano kuskure, idan ya cancanta, bincika ko akwai ɓoyayyun aibi

5. Yi kwaikwayon gwajin amfani. Menene ake amfani da shi, kuma a ina ake amfani da shi musamman? Yi gwajin a kan wannan.

6. Gwajin lalata, ko gwajin cin zarafi, wannan yana buƙatar sanar da masana'anta tukuna yadda ya kamata a gwada shi. Samfuran sun bambanta kuma hanyoyin gwaji suna da ban mamaki. Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da lodin tsaye.

7. Zane, buga gwajin barasa, gwajin ruwan tafasa, yafigwajin sauri.

8. Yana da wuya a gamu da ko akwai wasu haramtattun abubuwa a cikin ƙasar da ake fitar da su, da kuma ko alamu ko tsarin bazuwar da ma’aikata suka zana sun yi daidai da tsarin haramun. Kamar rubutun ido ɗaya, kokon kai, rubutun cuneiform.

9. Gwajin fashewa da aka rufe cikakke, jakar da aka rufe, samfurin da aka rufe, gwajin fallasa.Duba abun ciki na danshi na jakar, gwada sauri na takarda zane, da bushewar samfurin kafin barin masana'anta.