A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana'antu na jirage marasa matuka suna ta haskakawa kuma ba za a iya dakatar da su ba. Kamfanin bincike na Goldman Sachs ya yi hasashen cewa kasuwar jiragen sama za ta samu damar kaiwa dalar Amurka biliyan 100 nan da shekarar 2020.
01 Matsayin duba jiragen ruwa
A halin yanzu, akwai fiye da 300 raka'a tsunduma a cikin farar hula masana'antu drones a cikin ƙasata, ciki har da game da 160 manyan sikelin masana'antu, wanda ya kafa cikakken R & D, masana'antu, tallace-tallace da kuma tsarin sabis. Domin daidaita masana'antar jiragen sama na farar hula, a hankali kasar ta inganta daidaitattun bukatun kasa.
Ma'auni na gwajin dacewa da lantarki na UAV
GB/17626-2006 ma'auni na daidaitawa na lantarki;
GB/9254-2008 Iyakoki na rikicewar rediyo da hanyoyin aunawa don kayan fasahar bayanai;
GB/T17618-2015 Ƙididdiga ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin fasaha da hanyoyin aunawa.
Ma'aunin duba bayanan tsaro na drone
GB/T 20271-2016 Fasahar tsaro ta bayanai gabaɗayan buƙatun fasaha na tsaro don tsarin bayanai;
YD/T 2407-2013 Bukatun fasaha don ƙarfin tsaro na tashoshi masu hankali na wayar hannu;
QJ 20007-2011 Gabaɗaya ƙayyadaddun bayanai don kewayawa tauraron dan adam da kayan aikin kewayawa.
Ma'aunin duba lafiyar jirage
GB 16796-2009 Bukatun aminci da hanyoyin gwaji don kayan ƙararrawa na tsaro.
02 UAV abubuwan dubawa da buƙatun fasaha
Binciken jiragen sama na da manyan buƙatun fasaha. Wadannan su ne manyan abubuwa da buƙatun fasaha don duba jirgin sama:
Duban sigar jirgin
Binciken sigogin jirgin ya haɗa da matsakaicin tsayin jirgin, matsakaicin lokacin juriya, radius jirgin, matsakaicin saurin jirgin a kwance, daidaiton kula da waƙa, nesa mai nisa na hannu, juriyar iska, matsakaicin saurin hawan, da sauransu.
Matsakaicin binciken saurin jirgin a kwance
A karkashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun, jirgi mara matuki ya tashi zuwa tsayin mita 10 kuma yana yin rikodin nisan S1 da aka nuna akan mai sarrafawa a wannan lokacin;
Jirgin mara matuki yana tashi a kwance a matsakaicin saurin dakika 10, kuma yana yin rikodin nisan S2 da aka nuna akan mai sarrafawa a wannan lokacin;
Yi ƙididdige matsakaicin saurin jirgin a kwance bisa ga dabara (1).
Formula 1: V=(S2-S1)/10
Lura: V shine matsakaicin saurin tashi a kwance, a cikin mita a sakan daya (m/s); S1 shine nisa na farko da aka nuna akan mai sarrafawa, a cikin mita (m); S2 shine nisa na ƙarshe da aka nuna akan mai sarrafawa, a cikin mita (m).
Matsakaicin binciken tsayin jirgin
A ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun, jirgin ya tashi zuwa tsayin mita 10 kuma yana yin rikodin tsayin H1 da aka nuna akan mai sarrafawa a wannan lokacin;
Sa'an nan kuma layi tsayin tsayi kuma rikodin tsayin H2 da aka nuna akan mai sarrafawa a wannan lokacin;
Yi ƙididdige iyakar tsayin jirgin bisa ga dabara (2).
Formula 2: H＝H2 -H1
Lura: H shine matsakaicin tsayin jirgi mara matuki, a cikin mita (m); H1 shine tsayin jirgin farko da aka nuna akan mai sarrafawa, a cikin mita (m); H2 shine tsayin jirgi na ƙarshe wanda aka nuna akan mai sarrafawa, a cikin mita (m).
Matsakaicin gwajin rayuwar baturi
Yi amfani da cikakken cajin baturi don dubawa, ɗaga jirgin zuwa tsayin mita 5 kuma yayi shawagi, yi amfani da agogon gudu don fara lokaci, da dakatar da lokacin lokacin da jirgin ya sauko kai tsaye. Lokacin rikodin shine matsakaicin rayuwar baturi.
Binciken radius jirgin sama
Tazarar jirgin da aka nuna akan mai sarrafa rikodi yana nufin nisan tafiyar jirgin daga farawa zuwa dawowa. Radiyon jirgin shine nisan jirgin da aka yi rikodin akan mai sarrafawa raba ta 2.
duba hanyar jirgin
Zana da'irar da diamita na 2m a ƙasa; ɗaga jirgi mara matuƙi daga wurin da'irar zuwa mita 10 kuma yayi shawagi na mintuna 15. Saka idanu ko matsayin tsinkayar jirgin mara matuki ya wuce wannan da'irar yayin shawagi. Idan matsayi na tsinkaya a tsaye bai wuce wannan da'irar ba, daidaiton sarrafa waƙa a kwance shine ≤1m; Tada jirgin mara matukin jirgi zuwa tsayin mita 50 sannan ya yi shawagi na tsawon mintuna 10, sannan a yi rikodin matsakaicin matsakaicin da mafi ƙarancin ƙimar tsayin da aka nuna akan mai sarrafawa yayin aiwatar da shawagi. Darajar tsayin biyun ban da tsayi lokacin da ake shawagi shine daidaiton sarrafa waƙa a tsaye. Daidaiton sarrafa waƙa a tsaye yakamata ya zama <10m.
Binciken nesa na nesa
Wato kana iya duba kwamfutar ko APP cewa jirgin ya tashi zuwa nisan da ma'aikacin ya kayyade, sannan ka iya sarrafa tafiyar da jirgin ta hanyar kwamfuta/APP.
Gwajin jurewar iska
Abubuwan bukatu: Tashi na yau da kullun, saukowa da tashi yana yiwuwa a cikin iskar da ba ta ƙasa da matakin 6 ba.
Matsayin daidaiton dubawa
Matsayin daidaiton jirage marasa matuki ya dogara da fasaha, kuma iyakar daidaiton da jirage marasa matuka daban-daban za su iya samu zai bambanta. Gwaji gwargwadon matsayin aiki na firikwensin da daidaitattun kewayon da aka yiwa alama akan samfurin.
A tsaye: ± 0.1m (lokacin da matsayi na gani yana aiki kullum); ± 0.5m (lokacin da GPS ke aiki akai-akai);
A kwance: ± 0.3m (lokacin da matsayi na gani yana aiki akai-akai); ± 1.5m (lokacin da GPS ke aiki akai-akai);
Gwajin juriya na rufi
Koma hanyar dubawa da aka ƙayyade a cikin GB16796-2009 Sashe na 5.4.4.1. Tare da kunna wutar lantarki, yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na 500 V DC tsakanin tashar mai shigowa da wutar lantarki da sassan ƙarfe da aka fallasa na gidaje na daƙiƙa 5 kuma auna juriyar rufin nan da nan. Idan harsashi ba shi da sassan da za a iya amfani da su, to sai a rufe harsashin na'urar da wani nau'in madubin karfe, sannan a auna juriyar da ke tsakanin na'urar da wutar lantarki da tashar wutar lantarki. Ƙimar ma'aunin juriya ya kamata ya zama ≥5MΩ.
Gwajin ƙarfin lantarki
Dangane da hanyar gwajin da aka kayyade a cikin GB16796-2009 sashe na 5.4.3, gwajin ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin mashigar wutar lantarki da ɓangarorin ƙarfe da aka fallasa na casing ya kamata su iya jure ƙarfin wutar AC da aka ƙayyade a cikin ma'auni, wanda ke ɗaukar mintuna 1. Kada a samu raguwa ko harba.
Tabbatar da abin dogaro
Lokacin aiki kafin gazawar farko shine ≥ 2 hours, ana ba da izinin gwaje-gwaje da yawa, kuma kowane lokacin gwaji bai wuce mintuna 15 ba.
Gwajin zafi mai girma da ƙananan
Tunda yanayin muhallin da jirage marasa matuki ke aiki sau da yawa ana iya canzawa da sarƙaƙiya, kuma kowane samfurin jirgin sama yana da damarsa daban-daban don sarrafa amfani da wutar lantarki na cikin gida da zafi, wanda hakan ya haifar da na'urar na'urar jirgin ta dace da yanayin zafi daban-daban, don haka don saduwa Don ƙarin ko aiki. bukatu a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi, duban jirgin sama a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi da ƙarancin zafi ya zama dole. Duban zafi da ƙananan zafin jiki na jirage masu saukar ungulu na buƙatar amfani da kayan aiki.
Gwajin juriyar zafi
Koma hanyar gwajin da aka ƙayyade a cikin sashe na 5.6.2.1 na GB16796-2009. A ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun, yi amfani da ma'aunin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ko kowace hanya mai dacewa don auna zafin saman bayan awanni 4 na aiki. Hawan zafin jiki na sassa masu isa ya kamata ya wuce ƙayyadaddun ƙimar ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun a cikin Tebur 2 na GB8898-2011.
Binciken ƙananan zafin jiki
Bisa ga hanyar gwajin da aka ƙayyade a GB/T 2423.1-2008, an sanya drone a cikin akwatin gwajin muhalli a zazzabi na (-25± 2) ° C da lokacin gwaji na 16 hours. Bayan an gama gwajin kuma an dawo da shi a ƙarƙashin ingantattun yanayin yanayi na awanni 2, jirgin ya kamata ya yi aiki akai-akai.
Gwajin girgiza
Dangane da hanyar dubawa da aka ƙayyade a GB/T2423.10-2008:
Jirgin mara matuki yana cikin yanayin da ba ya aiki kuma ba a shirya shi ba;
Kewayon mitar: 10Hz ~ 150Hz;
Mitar wucewa: 60Hz;
f＜60Hz, girman girman 0.075mm;
f> 60Hz, ci gaba da sauri 9.8m/s2 (1g);
Wuri ɗaya na sarrafawa;
Adadin zagayowar duba kowane axis shine l0.
Dole ne a gudanar da binciken a kasan jirgin kuma lokacin dubawa shine mintuna 15. Bayan binciken, jirgin maras matuƙa bai kamata ya sami lahani a fili ba kuma zai iya yin aiki akai-akai.
Sauke gwajin
Gwajin juzu'i gwaji ne na yau da kullun wanda yawancin samfuran ke buƙatar yi a halin yanzu. A gefe guda, shine don bincika ko marufi na samfurin drone zai iya kare samfurin da kansa don tabbatar da amincin sufuri; a daya bangaren kuma, hakika kayan aikin jirgin ne. dogara.
gwajin matsa lamba
Ƙarƙashin iyakar ƙarfin amfani, drone ɗin yana fuskantar gwaje-gwajen damuwa kamar murdiya da ɗaukar kaya. Bayan an kammala gwajin, jirgin mara matuki na bukatar samun damar ci gaba da aiki yadda ya kamata.
gwajin tsawon rayuwa
Gudanar da gwaje-gwajen rayuwa akan gimbal na drone, radar gani, maɓallin wuta, maɓalli, da sauransu, kuma dole ne sakamakon gwajin ya bi ƙa'idodin samfur.
Yi gwajin juriya
Yi amfani da tef ɗin takarda na RCA don gwajin juriya, kuma sakamakon gwajin yakamata ya bi ƙa'idodin abrasion da aka yiwa alama akan samfurin.
Sauran gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun
Irin su bayyanar, dubawar marufi, cikakken binciken taro, mahimman abubuwan da aka gyara da dubawa na ciki, lakabi, alama, dubawar bugu, da dai sauransu.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-24-2024