Bayan Yuli 1, 2006, Tarayyar Turai tana da hakkin gudanar da binciken bazuwar kayan lantarki da na lantarki da aka sayar a kasuwa. Da zarar an gano samfurin bai dace da buƙatun umarnin RoHs ba, Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai tana da hakkin ɗaukar matakan ladabtarwa kamar dakatar da tallace-tallace, hatimi, da tara..
Annobar ta shafa, fitar da kayan aikin gida da kasata ke fitarwa ya kai wani sabon matsayi. Bisa kididdigar da hukumar kwastam ta fitar, a shekarar 2021, yawan kayayyakin amfanin gida da kasar Sin ke fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 98.72, adadin da ya karu da kashi 22.3 cikin dari a duk shekara. Kayayyakin gida su ma sun zama na hudu da suka haura dalar Amurka biliyan 100 bayan da aka yi jigilar hadaddiyar da'irori, wayoyin hannu, da kwamfutoci (ciki har da litattafan rubutu) na kayayyakin lantarki na lantarki (kididdigar kungiyar 'yan kasuwa ta kasar Sin don shigo da kayayyaki da kayayyakin injina da na lantarki). jimlar fitar da kayan aikin gida na ƙasata zai zama dala biliyan 118.45 a cikin 2021) samfuran sikelin fitarwa.
Kasar Sin na daya daga cikin manyan masu kera na'urorin gida. Ana fitar da kayan aikin gida zuwa ƙasashe (ko yankuna) fiye da 200 a nahiyoyi shida a duniya. Turai da Arewacin Amurka sune manyan kasuwannin gargajiya don fitar da kayan gida na ƙasata. Bayan Yuli 1, 2006, Tarayyar Turai tana da hakkin gudanar da binciken bazuwar kayan lantarki da na lantarki da aka sayar a kasuwa. Da zarar an gano samfurin bai dace da buƙatun umarnin RoHs ba, Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai tana da hakkin ɗaukar matakan ladabtarwa kamar dakatar da tallace-tallace, hatimi, da tara. Don haka, idan kun ƙirƙira, shigo da ko rarraba kayan da wannan umarnin ya ƙunshi, abun ciki na abubuwa masu haɗari a cikin samfurin dole ne ya wuce matakan izini.
1. Menene Umarnin RoHS? Domin daidaita dokokin kasashe mambobin kungiyar game da hana amfani da abubuwa masu haɗari a cikin kayan lantarki da na lantarki, daidaita ka'idojin kayan aiki da sarrafa kayan lantarki da na lantarki, sanya su mafi dacewa ga lafiyar ɗan adam da kare muhalli, da kuma taimakawa sharar gida. Kayan lantarki da na lantarki sun cika buƙatun Muhalli don sake yin amfani da su da zubar da su, Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta ba da umarnin hana amfani da wasu abubuwa masu haɗari a cikin kayan lantarki da na lantarki (2002/95/EC) a ranar 23 ga Janairu, 2003, wato. umarnin RoHS yana buƙatar tun daga Yuli 1, 2006 Tun daga wannan lokacin, duk kayan lantarki da na lantarki da aka sayar a cikin kasuwar EU dole ne su hana amfani da ƙarfe masu nauyi kamar gubar, mercury, cadmium, chromium hexavalent, da masu ɗaukar wuta kamar polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) da kuma biphenyl polybrominated (PBB). An maye gurbinsa a cikin 2011 da sabon Umarni (2011/65/EU). Sabon umarnin ya fara aiki ne a ranar 3 ga Janairu, 2013, kuma an soke ainihin umarnin a lokaci guda. Dangane da tanade-tanaden sabon umarnin, daga ranar da aka soke umarnin na asali, duk samfuran da ke ƙarƙashin alamar CE dole ne su cika buƙatun ƙarancin wutar lantarki (LVD), dacewa da lantarki (EMC), samfuran da ke da alaƙa da makamashi (ErP) da sabon umarnin RoHS a lokaci guda. Don shiga kasuwar EU, kamfanonin da ke fitar da kayan lantarki da lantarki zuwa wata ƙasa a cikin EU suna buƙatar bin takamaiman dokokin ƙasar da ke fitarwa.
2. Menene maɓalli na sabon umarnin RoHS? Idan aka kwatanta da ainihin umarnin RoHS, abubuwan da aka sabunta na sabon RoHS suna nunawa a cikin abubuwa huɗu masu zuwa: Na farko, an faɗaɗa iyakokin samfuran sarrafawa. Dangane da nau'ikan nau'ikan lantarki guda takwas na kayan lantarki da na lantarki waɗanda asalin umarnin RoHS ke sarrafawa, an faɗaɗa shi don haɗa kayan aikin likita da kayan sa ido. Kusan duk kayan lantarki da na lantarki, an ayyana lokutan aiwatarwa daban-daban don nau'ikan samfuri daban-daban. Na biyu, gabatar da bita da tsarin kari don jerin abubuwan da aka iyakance, bita akai-akai da sake duba abubuwa masu haɗari da iyakokinsu, da ƙara ƙuntataccen abubuwa a cikin mafi tsauri. Lokacin zabar ƙayyadaddun abubuwa, ya kamata kuma a mai da hankali kan daidaitawa tare da wasu ƙa'idodi, musamman abubuwan da ke cikin Annex XIV (Jerin izini na SVHC) da Annex XVI (Jerin Ƙuntataccen Abubuwan Abu) na Dokar REACH, ta hanyar nuna iyakokin abubuwan da aka iyakance don kimantawa na gaba. . Bada ƙarin lokaci da jagora don kasuwanci don zaɓar madadin kayan. Na uku, fayyace hanyar keɓancewa, ba da lokutan keɓantawa daban-daban don nau'ikan samfuri daban-daban don ƙarfafa masana'antu don haɓaka hanyoyin da suka dace, da daidaitawa da sabunta lokacin ingancin keɓe bisa ga ainihin halin da ake ciki. Na huɗu, mai alaƙa da alamar CE, gwargwadon buƙatun sabon umarnin RoHS, kayan lantarki da lantarki dole ne su cika ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwan ƙayyadaddun abubuwa, har ma su sanya alamar CE kafin saka shi a kasuwa. Babban bambanci tsakanin tsoho da sabon umarnin RoHS
3. Menene iyakar samfuran da umarnin RoHS ke sarrafawa?
1. Manyan kayan aikin gida: firiji, injin wanki, murhun microwave, kwandishan, da sauransu, gami da sabon nau'ikan samfuran RoHS "gas ɗin gas", "tanda gas" da "gas hita".
2. Kananan kayan aikin gida: injin tsabtace gida, ƙarfe na lantarki, bushewar gashi, tanda, agogo, da sauransu.
3. Fasahar sadarwa da kayan sadarwa: kwamfutoci, injinan fax, wayoyi, wayoyin hannu, da sauransu.
4. Kayan aikin mai amfani: rediyo, talabijin, masu rikodin bidiyo, kayan kida, da dai sauransu, gami da sabon nau'in samfurin RoHS "kayan aiki tare da ayyukan lantarki", kamar "ɗagawa gadaje masu ɗagawa" da "ɗagawa kujeru masu ɗagawa".
5. Kayan aiki na haske: Fitilar fitilu ban da hasken gida, da dai sauransu, na'urorin sarrafa hasken wuta
6. Kayan aikin lantarki da na lantarki (sai dai manyan kayan aikin masana'antu na tsaye): na'urorin lantarki, lathes, walda, sprayers, da dai sauransu.
7. Kayan wasan yara, abubuwan nishaɗi da kayan wasanni: motocin lantarki, injin wasan bidiyo, injin caca ta atomatik, da sauransu, gami da sabon nau'in samfurin RoHS "kayan wasa tare da ƙananan ayyukan lantarki", kamar "magana teddy bears" da "magana teddy bears". "Takalmi masu Hakika".
8. Kayan aikin likitanci: na'urar jiyya ta radiation, gwajin jini na zuciya, kayan bincike, da sauransu.
9. Kulawa da na'urorin sarrafawa: na'urorin gano hayaki, incubators, saka idanu na masana'anta da injunan sarrafawa, da dai sauransu.
10. Injin siyarwa
11. Duk wani EEE wanda ba ya cikin iyakokin abubuwan da ke sama: Baya ga "canjin wuta" da "akwatin lantarki", gami da sabon nau'in samfurin RoHS "tufafi tare da ayyukan lantarki", kamar "tufafi masu zafi" da "hallika cikin ruwa" jaket na rayuwa.
Kayayyakin da umarnin RoHS ke sarrafawa sun haɗa da ba kawai samfuran injina kawai ba, har ma da abubuwan da aka haɗa, albarkatun ƙasa da fakitin da aka yi amfani da su wajen kera injunan cikakke, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da duk sarkar samarwa.
4. Menene buƙatun abubuwa masu haɗari da iyakokinsu? Mataki na 4 na sabon umarnin RoHS ya nuna cewa kasashe mambobin kungiyar su tabbatar da cewa kayayyakin lantarki da na lantarki da aka sanya a kasuwa, gami da igiyoyin igiyoyinsu da na'urorin haɗi don gyara ko sake amfani da su, ko sabunta ayyukansu ko ƙara ƙarfinsu, ba su ƙunshi gubar (Pb) ba. , Mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), chromium hexavalent (Cr6+), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) da polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) da sauran abubuwa 6 masu haɗari. A cikin 2015, an ba da umarnin da aka sabunta 2015/863 / EU, yana ƙaddamar da sabon umarnin RoHS, ƙara DEHP (2-ethylhexyl phthalate), BBP (butyl benzyl phthalate), DBP (dibutyl phthalate), DIBP (diisobutyl phthalate) abubuwa huɗu da ake kira phthalates, irin su phthalates), sun shiga jerin abubuwan da aka iyakance. Bayan bita umarnin, nau'ikan sinadarai masu haɗari a cikin kayan lantarki waɗanda sabon umarnin RoHS ke sarrafawa an ƙara su zuwa 10:
1. Gubar (Pb) Misalan amfani da wannan abu: solder, gilashin, PVC stabilizers 2. Mercury (Hg) (mercury) Misalan amfani da wannan abu: thermostats, firikwensin, switches da relays, fitilu fitilu 3. Cadmium (Cd) ) Misalai na amfani da wannan abu: switches, springs, connectors, housings and PCBs, contacts, batteries 4. Hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+) Misalan amfani da wannan abu: Metal anti-corrosion coatings Misalan wannan abu: harshen wuta retardants, PCBs, connectors, plastic housings 6. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) Misalan amfani da wannan abu: harshen wuta retardants, PCBs, connectors, filastik gidaje ethylhexyl ester) 8. BBP (butyl benzyl phthalate) 9. DBP (dibutyl phthalate) 10. (diisobutyl phthalate)
A lokaci guda, matsakaicin abun ciki na abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin kayan iri ɗaya shine: gubar da ba ta wuce 0.1% ba, mercury ba ta wuce 0.1% ba, cadmium wanda bai wuce 0.01% ba, chromium hexavalent wanda bai wuce 0.1% ba, biphenyls polybrominated wanda bai wuce 0.1% ba, polybrominated diphenyl ethers ba fiye da 0.1%. An kara sabbin sinadarai guda hudu da ake kira phthalates tare da iyaka na 0.1% kowanne.
5. Menene tsarin tantancewa?
∎ Mataki na 1. Cika fom ɗin aikace-aikacen gwaji na RoHS, wanda za'a iya karɓa daga cibiyar tabbatarwa ta RoHS, ko kuma zazzagewa daga gidan yanar gizon cibiyar tabbatarwa na RoHS, kuma a dawo bayan cikawa. ∎ Mataki na 2. Magana: Bayan ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen, abokin ciniki ya aika samfurin (ko isarwa) zuwa sashin tabbatarwa, kuma sashin tabbatarwa yana raba samfurin daidai gwargwadon buƙatun, kuma ya mayar da rabon samfurin da kuɗin gwaji ga abokin ciniki. ■ Mataki na 3. Bayan an biya kuɗin, za a shirya gwajin. Gabaɗaya, za a kammala gwajin a cikin mako guda. ■ Mataki na 4. Buga rahoton, wanda mai aikawa, fax, imel ko inspector za su iya bayarwa.
6. Nawa ne kudin takaddun shaida na RoHS? Madaidaicin farashin gwajin RoHS yana buƙatar kamfani don samar da hotunan samfur da lissafin kayan, ya danganta da sarkar samfurin. Takaddun shaida na RoHS ya bambanta da CCC, UL da sauran takaddun shaida. Yana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen nazarin sinadarai kawai don samfurori, don haka babu binciken masana'anta. Idan ba a canza samfuran ba kuma ba a sabunta ma'auni na gwaji ba, ba za a sami wasu farashin biyan kuɗi ba.
7. Yaya tsawon lokacin da ake ɗauka don yin takaddun shaida na ROHS? A halin yanzu, takaddun shaida na RoHS yana gwada abubuwa 6 na gubar, mercury, cadmium, chromium hexavalent, PBB da PBDE. Samfuran gama gari suna neman takaddun shaida na ROHS. Dangane da cewa abokan ciniki suna ba da samfura da kayayyaki, lokacin gwajin RoHS na samfuran al'ada kusan kwanaki 7 ne.
8. Yaya tsawon lokacin da takaddun ROHS ke aiki? Babu lokacin tabbatarwa na tilas don takaddun shaida na ROHS. Idan ba a sake sabunta ma'aunin gwajin ROHS a hukumance ba, ainihin takardar shaidar ROHS na iya aiki na dogon lokaci.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-09-2022