Duban samfuran tasha masu amfani da wutar lantarki abu ne da ba dole ba ne bayan an kammala aikin lantarki. Samfuran lantarki da aka yi amfani da su kawai waɗanda suka wuce binciken za a iya mika su zuwa tsari na gaba don amfani.
Yawancin lokaci, abubuwan dubawa don samfuran lantarki sune: kauri na fim, mannewa, ikon solder, bayyanar, marufi, da gwajin feshin gishiri. Don samfuran da ke da buƙatu na musamman a cikin zane, akwai gwaje-gwajen porosity (30U”) don zinare ta amfani da hanyar tururin acid nitric, samfuran nickel-plated palladium (ta amfani da hanyar gel electrolysis) ko wasu gwaje-gwajen muhalli.
1. Electroplating samfurin dubawa-fim kauri dubawa
1.Film kauri abu ne na asali don dubawa na lantarki. Babban kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da shi shine mitar fim mai kyalli (X-RAY). Ka'idar ita ce yin amfani da hasken X-ray don haskaka rufin, tattara nau'in makamashi da aka dawo da shi, da kuma gano kauri da abun da ke ciki.
2. Hattara yayin amfani da X-RAY:
1) Spectrum calibration ana buƙatar duk lokacin da ka kunna kwamfutar
2) Yin gyaran gashi kowane wata
3) Zinare-nickel calibration ya kamata a yi akalla sau ɗaya a mako
4) Lokacin aunawa, ya kamata a zaɓi fayil ɗin gwaji bisa ga ƙarfe da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin samfurin.
5) Don sabbin samfuran da ba su da fayil ɗin gwaji, yakamata a ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin gwaji.
3. Muhimmancin fayilolin gwaji:
Misali: Au-Ni-Cu (100-221 sn 4%@0.2 cfp
Au-Ni-Cu—— Gwada kaurin nickel plating sa'an nan kuma sanya zinari a kan ma'aunin jan karfe.
(100-221 sn 4%——-AMP lambar kayan jan karfe mai ɗauke da 4% tin)
2. Electroplating samfurin dubawa-mannewa dubawa
Binciken mannewa abu ne mai mahimmanci don samfuran lantarki. Rashin mannewa shine mafi yawan lahani a cikin binciken samfur na lantarki. Yawancin hanyoyin dubawa guda biyu ne:
Hanyar 1.Bending: Da farko, yi amfani da takardar tagulla mai kauri iri ɗaya da tashar ganowa da ake buƙata don kushe wurin da za a lanƙwasa, a yi amfani da filan hanci mai lebur don lanƙwasa samfurin zuwa digiri 180, sannan a yi amfani da na'urar hangen nesa don duba ko akwai. peeling ko bawo na shafi a kan lanƙwasa surface.
Hanyar 2.Tape: Yi amfani da tef ɗin 3M don tsayawa da ƙarfi a saman samfurin da za a gwada, a tsaye a digiri 90, da sauri ya tsage tef ɗin, kuma ku lura da fim din karfe yana barewa a kan tef. Idan ba za ku iya lura da idanunku a sarari ba, kuna iya amfani da microscope 10x don dubawa.
3. Tabbatar da sakamako:
a) Kada a sami faɗuwar foda na ƙarfe ko manne da tef ɗin faci.
b) Kada a yi kwasfa daga murfin karfe.
c) Matukar dai kayan tushe bai karye ba, bai kamata a sami tsagewa ko kwasfa ba bayan lankwasawa.
d) Kada a yi kumfa.
e) Bai kamata a kasance a bayyane na karfen da ke cikin ƙasa ba tare da karya kayan tushe ba.
4. Lokacin da mannewa ba shi da kyau, ya kamata ka koyi yadda za a bambanta wurin da aka kwasfa. Kuna iya amfani da na'urar gani da ido da X-RAY don gwada kauri na murfin peeled don tantance tashar aiki tare da matsalar.
3. Electroplating samfurin dubawa-solderability dubawa
1.Solderability shine ainihin aiki da manufar tin-lead da tin plating. Idan akwai buƙatun tsari na bayan-sayar, walda mara kyau babban lahani ne.
2.Basic hanyoyin gwajin solder:
1) Hanyar tin na nutsewa kai tsaye: Dangane da zane-zane, nutsar da sashin solder kai tsaye a cikin jujjuyawar da ake buƙata sannan a nutsar da shi a cikin tanderun tin mai digiri 235. Bayan daƙiƙa 5, yakamata a fitar da shi a hankali a cikin saurin kusan 25MM/S. Bayan cire shi, kwantar da shi zuwa yanayin zafi na al'ada kuma yi amfani da microscope na 10x don dubawa da yin hukunci: yankin tinned ya kamata ya fi 95%, yankin tinned ya kamata ya zama santsi da tsabta, kuma babu ƙin yarda da solder, desoldering, pinholes da sauran abubuwan mamaki, wanda ke nufin ya cancanta.
2)Tsafa da farko sannan kuma walda. Don samfuran da ke da buƙatu na musamman akan wasu filaye masu ƙarfi, samfuran yakamata su tsufa na tsawon sa'o'i 8 ko 16 ta amfani da injin gwajin tsufa na tururi kafin gwajin walda don tantance aikin samfurin a cikin matsanancin yanayin amfani. Ayyukan walda.
4. Electroplating samfurin dubawa-bayyanar dubawa
1.Appearance dubawa ne ainihin abin dubawa na electroplating dubawa. Daga bayyanar, zamu iya ganin dacewa da yanayin tsari na lantarki da kuma yiwuwar canje-canje a cikin maganin electroplating. Abokan ciniki daban-daban suna da buƙatu daban-daban don bayyanar. Ya kamata a lura da duk tashoshi na lantarki tare da na'urar hangen nesa aƙalla sau 10 mafi girma. Ga lahani da suka faru, mafi girma girma, mafi yawan taimako shine nazarin dalilin matsalar.
2. Matakan dubawa:
1). Ɗauki samfurin kuma sanya shi ƙarƙashin microscope 10x, sa'annan ku haskaka shi a tsaye tare da daidaitaccen tushen haske mai haske:
2). Kula da yanayin saman samfurin ta wurin abin ido.
3. Hanyar hukunci:
1). Ya kamata launi ya zama iri ɗaya, ba tare da wani launi mai duhu ko haske ba, ko tare da launuka daban-daban (kamar baƙar fata, ja, ko rawaya). Kada a sami babban bambanci launi a cikin platin zinariya.
2). Kada ka ƙyale duk wani abu na waje (gashin gashi, ƙura, mai, lu'ulu'u) su manne da shi
3). Dole ne ya bushe kuma kada a tabo da danshi.
4). Kyakkyawan santsi, babu ramuka ko barbashi.
5). Kada a sami matsa lamba, karce, tarkace da sauran abubuwan da suka faru na nakasawa da kuma lalacewa ga sassan da aka zana.
6). Kada a fallasa ƙananan Layer. Dangane da bayyanar da gubar tin, an ba da izini kaɗan (ba fiye da 5%) ramuka da ramuka ba idan dai bai shafi abin da ake siyarwa ba.
7). Dole ne rufin ya kasance ba ya da blister, bawo ko wani mannewa mara kyau.
8). Za a gudanar da matsayi na electroplating daidai da zane-zane. Injiniyan QE na iya yanke shawara don shakata daidaitattun daidaitattun ba tare da shafar aikin ba.
9). Don lahanin bayyanar da ake tuhuma, injiniyan QE yakamata ya saita iyakar samfurin da ma'auni na taimako na bayyanar.
5. Electroplating samfurin dubawa-marufi dubawa
Binciken marufi na kayan lantarki yana buƙatar cewa jagorar marufi daidai ne, akwatunan marufi da kwalaye suna da tsabta da tsabta, kuma babu lalacewa: alamun an cika su kuma daidai, kuma adadin alamun ciki da na waje sun daidaita.
6.Electroplating samfurin dubawa-gishiri fesa gwajin
Bayan ƙetare gwajin feshin gishiri, saman ɓangarorin da ba su cancanta ba za su zama baki kuma su sami jajayen tsatsa. Tabbas, nau'ikan lantarki daban-daban zasu haifar da sakamako daban-daban.
Gwajin feshin gishiri na samfuran lantarki ya kasu kashi biyu: ɗaya shine gwajin fallasa yanayin yanayi; ɗayan kuma shine gwajin yanayi mai saurin kwaikwayo na gishiri. Gwajin yanayin yanayin gishirin da aka kwaikwayi na wucin gadi shine yin amfani da kayan gwaji tare da takamaiman sarari - dakin gwajin gishiri, don amfani da hanyoyin wucin gadi a cikin sararin samaniya don ƙirƙirar yanayin feshin gishiri don tantance aikin juriya na lalata gishiri da ingancin ingancin sa. samfurin. .
Gwaje-gwajen feshin gishiri na wucin gadi sun haɗa da:
1) Gwajin feshin gishiri mai tsaka tsaki (gwajin NSS) shine farkon saurin gwajin lalata tare da mafi girman filin aikace-aikacen. Yana amfani da maganin gishiri na 5% sodium chloride, kuma ana daidaita ƙimar pH na maganin zuwa kewayon tsaka tsaki (6 zuwa 7) azaman maganin fesa. Gwajin zafin jiki shine 35 ℃, kuma ana buƙatar adadin ƙwayar gishiri ya kasance tsakanin 1 ~ 2ml / 80cm?.h.
2) Gwajin gwajin gishiri na acetate (gwajin ASS) an haɓaka shi akan gwajin feshin gishiri mai tsaka tsaki. Yana ƙara wasu glacial acetic acid zuwa 5% sodium chloride bayani don rage pH darajar maganin zuwa kusan 3, yin maganin acidic, da kuma sakamakon gishiri fesa kuma canza daga tsaka tsaki fesa gishiri zuwa acidic. Adadin lalatarsa ya kusan sau 3 sauri fiye da gwajin NSS.
3) Gwajin gwajin gishirin gishirin jan ƙarfe (CASS gwajin) gwajin lalata gishiri ne mai sauri wanda aka haɓaka a ƙasashen waje. Yanayin gwajin shine 50 ° C. Ana ƙara ƙaramin adadin gishiri-jan karfe chloride a cikin maganin gishiri don haifar da lalata sosai. Adadin lalatarsa kusan sau 8 ne na gwajin NSS.
Abubuwan da ke sama sune ka'idodin dubawa da hanyoyin dubawa don samfuran lantarki, gami da gwajin kauri na samfurin lantarki, duban mannewa, dubawar weldability, dubawar bayyanar, gwajin marufi, gwajin fesa gishiri,
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-05-2024