Dubawa wani ɓangare ne na kasuwancin yau da kullun da ba zai iya isa ba, amma menene tsarin binciken ƙwararru da hanya? Editan ya tattara abubuwan da suka dace na binciken ƙwararrun FWW don ku, ta yadda binciken ku na kayan zai iya zama mai inganci!
Menene Binciken Kaya (QC)
Ma'aikatan da ke gudanar da aikin dubawa ana kiransu tare da QC (taƙaice don Kula da Ingancin).
Ayyukan dubawa da QC ke yi ana kiran su dubawa kuma an raba su bisa ga ƙungiyar masu ba da amana ta QC: akwai nau'ikan 3, dubawar ɓangare na farko, dubawa na ɓangare na biyu da dubawa na ɓangare na uku: ƙungiya ta farko ita ce QC ta shirya ta masana'anta; ɓangare na uku Ƙungiya ta biyu ita ce QC da kamfanin abokin ciniki ya aika;
Dubawa ta wani ɓangare na uku wanda hukumar binciken waje ta ba wa abokin ciniki na ɓangare na biyu. FWW tana ba da sabis na dubawa na ɓangare na uku
Sabis ɗin dubawa da FWW ke bayarwa ya kasu kashi: FQC na ƙarshe da duba tsakiyar samarwa akan layi QC bisa ga matakin kammala samfurin. Matakan da suka rage sune binciken cikin samarwa, waɗanda ayyukan sarrafawa ne na farko don ingancin samfur.
Girman Samfura da Matsayin Halatta (AQL)
Hanya mafi aminci don bincika kaya shine bincika 100% na duk samfuran, amma wannan yana buƙatar lokaci mai yawa na QC, musamman ga manyan batches.
Don haka ta yaya za mu sami madaidaicin matakin ƙima don daidaita haɗarin ingancin samfurin da farashin QC. Wannan ma'auni shine "Sample size". Tare da ƙayyadaddun adadin samfurori, matsala ta gaba da QC ke buƙatar fuskanta ita ce gano lahani a cikin tsarin binciken samfurin, nawa lahani, nawa lahani da aka yarda da wannan batch, nawa lahani, wannan jigilar yana buƙatar. a ƙi? Wannan shine matakin karɓuwa (AQL: Matsayin Ingantaccen Karɓar)
Matsayin lahani (Mahimmanci, Babba, Karami)
Abubuwan da aka samu yayin aikin dubawa za a rarraba su zuwa maki 3 gwargwadon girmansu:
Misalai na ma'anar ma'ana Critical (Cr.) lahani mai mutuwa na iya haifar da lahani ga jikin ɗan adam ko keta dokoki da ƙa'idodi, kamar kaifi mai kaifi, kusurwoyi masu ƙarfi, ruwan wutar lantarki, da sauransu (yawanci, za a bayyana matsalolin lambar lambar a matsayin Cr.) ; Samfuran da aka tabbatar, babu manyan (Ma.) manyan lahani kamar alamar CE, wasu mahimman ayyuka ko lahani akan samfura kamar su kofuna masu sanyaya zafi, ƙarancin tambari mara kyau, da sauransu. Ƙananan (Mi.) ƙananan lahani kamar ƙananan lahani na bayyanar. akan samfura kamar samfuran ƴan ƙulle-ƙulle a saman, ƙaramin bugu mara kyau, da sauransu.
A ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, ƙwararren QC na iya ƙayyade rarrabuwa na lahani da aka samu yayin dubawa da kansu bisa ga ƙa'idodin da ke sama. Koyaya, don tabbatar da cewa duk QCs ɗin da abin ya shafa ba su da wata shubuha a cikin rarrabuwar lahani, wasu abokan ciniki za su tattara Jerin Rarraba Rarraba (DCL Defective Classification List), jera duk lahani da ke da alaƙa da samfurin a cikin jerin rarrabuwar lahani, kuma su nuna. matakin lahani da ya kamata a tantance kowane aibi. .
Amfani da tsarin tsarin samfur
Bayan gabatar da ra'ayoyin Girman Samfurin, AQL da matakin lahani, ainihin aikace-aikacen yana buƙatar QC don bincika shirin samfur. Ana amfani da fom guda 2 tare, na farko yana magance matsalar nawa za a zana, na biyu kuma yana magance matsalar nawa lahani da za a ƙi.
Mataki 1: Bincika fom na farko, nemo ginshiƙin tazarar jimlar adadin samfuran a cikin ginshiƙin “Sampling lot”, sa'an nan kuma a kwance a duba gunkin giciye na “ Standard Inspection Standard” da “General Inspection Standard” don tantancewa. Yawan samfurin; 2. "Ana amfani da ma'aunin dubawa na gabaɗaya" don samfurin dubawa na gani. Akwai dubawa gabaɗaya da yawa, waɗanda aka raba zuwa matakai uku, Level-I, II, da III. Mafi girman lambar, mafi girma lambar samfurin; 3. Ana amfani da "ma'auni na dubawa" don samfurin aikin da girman girman girman. Yawan dubawa gabaɗaya kaɗan ne, an raba shi zuwa maki 4, S-1, S-2, S-3, S-4. Girman lambar, mafi girma lambar samfurin.
Tsohuwar adadin samfurori na FWW shine Level-II, S-2. Idan jimillar adadin samfuran a cikin wannan binciken shine 5000pc (kewaye 3201-10000), bisa ga ƙa'idodin samfura na asali na FWW, lambar samfur don dubawa na gaba ɗaya (bayani) shine L; lambar samfurin don dubawa na musamman (aiki) shine D
Mataki na biyu shine duba tebur na biyu, inda L yayi daidai da adadin samfurin 200pc; D yayi daidai da adadin samfurin 8pc.
Mataki na uku 1.A cikin tebur na biyu, akwai ginshiƙai biyu na Ac Re ƙarƙashin ƙimar kowane matakin haƙuri. Lokacin da jimlar adadin irin waɗannan lahani ≤Ac darajar, ana iya karɓar kayan; lokacin da jimlar adadin irin waɗannan lahani ≥Re ƙimar, ana ƙi kayan. Saboda alaƙar ma'ana iri ɗaya, duk Re shine 1 fiye da Ac. 0 ana amfani dashi azaman matakin karɓa na musamman, wanda baya nunawa a cikin wannan tebur. Yana nufin cewa lahani ba zai wanzu ba. Da zarar akwai irin wannan lahani 1, kayan za a ƙi; 2. Tsoffin AQL na FWW shine Cr. 0; Ma. 2.5; Mi. 4.0, idan bisa ga wannan matakin yarda: L (200pc) yayi daidai da Ma. Ac Re na 10 11, wato, lokacin da jimillar manyan lahani ya yi ƙasa da ko daidai da 10, ana iya karɓar kayan; lokacin da jimlar yawan lahani ya kasance ≥ 11, an ƙi kayan. Hakanan, Ac Re na Mi. shine 14 15.D (8pc) daidai da Ma. shine "↑", wanda ke wakiltar matakin karɓa tare da la'akari da abin da ke sama, wato, 0 1; daidai Mi. shine "↓", wanda ke wakiltar nuni ga matakin da aka yarda a ƙasa. Matsayin karɓa, wato, 1 2Cr. 0, yana nufin cewa ba a yarda a sami lahani mai mutuwa ba
Duba Jerin
Ana yawan amfani da lissafin dubawa (Jerin Duba) a cikin ayyukan dubawa na QC. Duk abubuwan da ake buƙatar bincika samfuran ana yin rikodin su a cikin jerin don gujewa tsallakewa a cikin tsarin dubawa na QC. Ga abokan cinikin haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci, FWW za ta shirya jerin rajistan a gaba. Yawanci ana amfani da lissafin Bincika tare da Lalacewar Lissafin Rarraba (Jerin Rarraba Rarraba DCL).
Ainihin tsari na QC dubawa
Tsarin dubawa
Mataki na 1FWW zai tabbatar da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun dubawa tare da abokin ciniki lokacin da ake nema don dubawa, kuma ƙayyade girman Samfur da AQL. kuma aika bayanan zuwa QC mai dacewa
Mataki na 2QC zai tuntuɓi masana'anta aƙalla kwana 1 kafin ranar dubawa don tabbatar da ko an kammala kayan kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Mataki na 3 A ranar dubawa, QC zai fara karanta Bayanin Mutuncin FWW ga masana'anta.
Mataki na 4 Na gaba, QC na farko yana tabbatar da kammalawar gabaɗaya na kayan (ko samfurin ya cika 100%, marufi ya cika 80%)
Mataki na 5 Zana akwatuna bisa ga adadin jimlar adadin kwalaye
Mataki na 6 Duba bayanan akwatin waje, bayanin akwatin tsakiya, bayanin samfur
MATAKI 7 Samfura duba bayyanar samfur bisa ga matakin-II matakin, aikin samfur da girman bisa ga matakin S-2.
Mataki na 8 Takaita da lissafta ko jimlar adadin lahani ya wuce ma'auni, kuma tabbatar da masana'anta
MATAKI NA 9 Bayan dubawa, shirya rahoton binciken FWW kuma aika rahoton ga masu binciken
Mataki na 10 Bayan ma'aikatan rahoton sun duba rahoton, aika abokin ciniki
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-31-2022