Menene mahimman abubuwan binciken kayan lantarki a cikin mintuna 3?

A yau, bari mu kalli mahimman abubuwan binciken samfuran lantarki tare da cikakken bincike?

 

Gaba ɗaya duba samfuran lantarki shine zuwalura, auna, kumagwadawabisa ga buƙatun fasaha na na'ura duka, kuma kwatanta sakamakon tare da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun don ƙayyade cancantar alamomi daban-daban na dukkan na'ura.

 

Rarraba Ganewa

 

(1)Cikakken dubawa. Yana nufin duba 100% na duk samfuran ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Dangane da sakamakon gwaji, yanke hukunci akan ko samfurin mutum ɗaya da aka bincika ya cancanta ko a'a.

 

(2)Duban wuri. Yana da tsari na fitar da wasu samfurori daga rukunin dubawa don dubawa, kuma bisa sakamakon binciken, ƙayyade matakin ingancin duka rukunin samfuran, don yanke shawarar ko samfurin ya cancanci.

 

Gwaji abubuwa

 

(1)Ayyuka. Aiki yana nufin halayen fasaha waɗanda samfur ya mallaka don saduwa da niyyar amfani da shi, gami da aikin sa, kaddarorin injina, kaddarorin physicochemical, buƙatun bayyanar, da sauransu.

 

(2)Abin dogaro. Amincewa yana nufin aikin samfur don kammala aikin aiki a cikin ƙayyadadden lokaci da ƙayyadaddun sharuɗɗan, gami da matsakaicin rayuwar samfurin, ƙimar gazawar, matsakaicin tazarar kulawa, da sauransu.

 

(3)Tsaro. Tsaro yana nufin matakin da samfur ke tabbatar da aminci yayin aiki da amfani.

 

(4)Daidaitawa. Daidaitawa yana nufin ikon samfur don dacewa da yanayin muhalli na halitta, kamar zafin jiki, zafi, acidity, da alkalinity.

 

(5)Tattalin Arziki. Tattalin Arziki yana nufin farashin samfur da farashin kula da aiki na yau da kullun.

 

(6)Daidaiton lokaci. Matsakaicin lokaci yana nufin shigar da kayayyaki cikin lokaci zuwa kasuwa da kuma samar da tallafin fasaha da sabis na kulawa akan lokaci bayan tallace-tallace.

 

Za mu fi duban samfurin gwajin samfuran lantarki, gami da gwajin rayuwa da gwajin muhalli. Gwajin rayuwa gwaji ne wanda ke bincika daidaitaccen rayuwar samfur kuma shine matakin ƙarshe na gwajin samfur. Gwaji ne da aka gudanar ta hanyar kwaikwayi ainihin matsayin aiki da ajiyar samfur a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadadden yanayi da shigar da wani samfuri. Yayin gwajin, za a yi rikodin lokacin gazawar samfuran kuma a yi nazarin ƙididdiga don kimanta amincin ƙididdige ƙididdiga na samfuran kamar dogaro, ƙimar gazawa da matsakaicin rayuwa. A lokaci guda, don tabbatar da ingancin samar da cikakken kayan injin lantarki, yawanci ya zama dole don gudanar da tsufa na lantarki na injin gabaɗaya bayan haɗuwa, lalatawa, da dubawa. Gwajin tsufa shine ci gaba da aiki da samfuran gabaɗayan sa'o'i da yawa a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin muhalli, sannan gwada ko aikin samfurin har yanzu ya cika buƙatun. Tsufa na iya bayyana lahani masu yuwuwa a cikin tsarin kera samfur. Gwajin tsufa ya haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa: 1. Ƙayyade yanayin tsufa: lokaci, zafin jiki 2. Tsayayyen tsufa da tsufa mai ƙarfi (1) tsufa mai tsayi: Idan kawai aka kunna wutar kuma ba a shigar da sigina a cikin samfurin ba, wannan yanayin shine ake kira a tsaye tsufa; (2) tsufa mai ƙarfi: Lokacin da aka haɗa samfurin na'ura cikakke na lantarki zuwa wutar lantarki sannan kuma ya shigar da siginar aiki zuwa samfurin, ana kiran wannan yanayin tsufa mai ƙarfi.

 

Gwajin muhalli: Hanyar gwada ikon samfur don daidaitawa da yanayi, wanda shine gwaji wanda ke kimantawa da nazarin tasirin muhalli akan aikin samfur. Yawancin lokaci ana gudanar da shi a ƙarƙashin sifofi na yanayi wanda samfurin zai iya ci karo da shi. Abubuwan da ke cikin gwajin muhalli sun haɗa da gwaje-gwajen injina, gwajin yanayi, gwajin sufuri, da gwaje-gwaje na musamman.

 

1. Samfuran lantarki tare da gwaje-gwajen injiniyoyi daban-daban za a yi su da nau'ikan nau'ikan rawar jiki, tasiri, haɓakar haɓakar centrifugal, da kuma ƙarfin injina kamar karo, sway, daidaiton yarda, da fashewa yayin sufuri da amfani. Wannan damuwa na inji na iya haifar da canje-canje ko ma lahani ga sigogin lantarki na abubuwan ciki a cikin samfuran lantarki. Babban abubuwan gwajin injina sune kamar haka:

(1) Gwajin girgiza: Ana amfani da gwajin jijjiga don bincika daidaiton samfurin ƙarƙashin girgiza.

(2) Gwajin tasiri: Ana amfani da gwajin tasiri don bincika daidaitawar samfuran zuwa tasirin injin da ba maimaituwa ba. Hanyar ita ce gyara samfurin akan tebur girgiza girgizar lantarki kuma amfani da shi a wani takamaiman mita don tasiri samfurin sau da yawa a wurare daban-daban. Bayan tasirin, duba ko manyan alamun fasaha har yanzu sun cika buƙatun kuma ko akwai lalacewar inji.

(3) Gwajin hanzari na Centrifugal: Gwajin hanzari na Centrifugal galibi ana amfani da shi don bincika mutunci da amincin tsarin samfur.

 

2. Gwajin yanayiwani ma'auni ne da aka ɗauka don bincika ƙira, tsari, da tsarin samfur don hanawa ko rage tasirin mummunan yanayin yanayi akan albarkatun ƙasa, abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, da ma'aunin injin gabaɗaya. Gwajin yanayi na iya gano matsaloli da abubuwan da ke haifar da samfur, don ɗaukar matakan kariya da haɓaka aminci da daidaitawa na samfuran lantarki zuwa yanayi mara kyau. Babban ayyukan gwajin yanayi sune kamar haka: (1) Gwajin zafin jiki mai girma: ana amfani da shi don bincika tasirin muhalli akan samfuran da kuma tantance daidaitawar samfuran don aiki da adanawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai zafi. (2) Gwajin ƙarancin zafin jiki: ana amfani da shi don bincika tasirin yanayin ƙarancin zafin jiki akan samfuran kuma ƙayyade daidaitawar samfuran don aiki da adanawa a ƙarƙashin ƙarancin yanayin zafi. (3) Gwajin hawan keke na zafin jiki: ana amfani da shi don bincika ƙarfin samfurin don tsayayya da canjin yanayin zafi a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma ko kayan ya fashe, ƙarancin hulɗar masu haɗawa, lalacewar sigogin samfur da sauran su. Faɗuwar thermal ne ke haifar da gazawar. (4) Gwajin zafi: ana amfani dashi don bincika tasirin zafi da zafin jiki akan samfuran lantarki, da kuma tantance aikin gwaji na samfuran a cikin aiki da ajiya a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi da zafi. (5) Gwajin yanki mai ƙarancin ƙarfi: ana amfani da shi don bincika tasirin ƙananan matsa lamba akan aikin samfur.

 

3. Gwaje-gwajen sufuriana gudanar da su don gwada daidaitawar samfuran zuwa marufi, ajiya, da yanayin muhalli na sufuri. Za a iya gudanar da gwajin sufuri a kan benci na gwaji wanda ke kwatanta girgizar sufuri, kuma adadi ya nuna nau'ikan benci na gwajin girgizar sufuri da yawa. Hakanan ana iya yin gwajin tuƙi kai tsaye.

 

4. Gwaje-gwaje na musammanduba ikon samfurin don dacewa da yanayin aiki na musamman. Gwaje-gwaje na musamman sun haɗa da gwajin hayaki, gwajin ƙura, gwajin juriya, da gwajin radiation.