Yawan amfani da samfuran bakin karfe shine juyin juya hali a cikin kicin, suna da kyau, dorewa, sauƙin tsaftacewa, kuma kai tsaye canza launi da jin daɗin dafa abinci. A sakamakon haka, yanayin da ake gani na ɗakin dafa abinci ya inganta sosai, kuma ya daina duhu da damshi, kuma yana da duhu.
Duk da haka, akwai nau'ikan bakin karfe iri-iri, kuma bambancin da ke tsakaninsu ba kadan ba ne. Lokaci-lokaci, ana jin tambayoyin aminci, kuma yana da matsala don zaɓar.
Musamman idan ya zo ga tukwane, kayan abinci da sauran kayan abinci waɗanda ke ɗaukar abinci kai tsaye, kayan suna daɗaɗa hankali. Yadda za a bambanta su?
Menene bakin karfe?
Siffar musamman na bakin karfe an ƙaddara ta abubuwa biyu, waɗanda sune chromium da nickel. Ba tare da chromium ba, ba bakin karfe ba ne, kuma adadin nickel yana ƙayyade ƙimar bakin karfe.
Bakin karfe na iya kiyaye haske a cikin iska kuma baya yin tsatsa saboda yana ƙunshe da adadin adadin abubuwan chromium alloy (ba su ƙasa da 10.5%) ba, wanda zai iya samar da fim mai ƙarfi na oxide akan saman karfen wanda ba zai iya narkewa a wasu kafofin watsa labarai.
Bayan kara nickel, aikin bakin karfe yana kara inganta, kuma yana da kyakkyawar kwanciyar hankali a cikin iska, ruwa da tururi, kuma yana da isasshen kwanciyar hankali a yawancin maganin ruwa na acid, alkalis da salts, ko da a yanayin zafi ko A cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi, har yanzu yana iya kula da juriyar lalatarsa.
A cewar microstructure, bakin karfe ya kasu kashi martensitic, austenitic, ferritic da duplex bakin karfe. Austenite yana da kyawawan filastik, ƙarancin ƙarfi, takamaiman tauri, sauƙin sarrafawa da ƙira, kuma babu kaddarorin ferromagnetic.
Austenitic bakin karfe ya fito a Jamus a cikin 1913, kuma koyaushe yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin bakin karfe. Samuwarta da amfaninta sun kai kusan kashi 70% na yawan samarwa da amfani da bakin karfe. Akwai kuma mafi yawan makin karfe, don haka galibin bakin karfen da kuke gani a kowace rana na austenitic bakin karfe ne.
Sanannen karfe 304 shine bakin karfe austenitic. Ma'aunin kasar Sin da ya gabata shine 0Cr19Ni9 (0Cr18Ni9), wanda ke nufin cewa yana dauke da kashi 19% na Cr (chromium) da kashi 9% na Ni (nickel). 0 yana nufin abun ciki na carbon <= 0.07%.
Amfanin wakilcin ma'auni na kasar Sin shine cewa abubuwan da ke cikin bakin karfe suna bayyana a kallo. Dangane da 304, 301, 202, da dai sauransu, wadannan sune sunayen Amurka da Japan, amma yanzu kowa ya saba da wannan sunan.
Alamar kasuwanci mai haƙƙin mallaka Cromargan 18-10 don kwanon WMF bakin karfe
Sau da yawa muna ganin kayan dafa abinci masu alama da kalmomin 18-10 da 18-8. Irin wannan hanyar yin alama tana nuna adadin chromium da nickel a cikin bakin karfe. Yawan nickel ya fi girma kuma yanayin ya fi kwanciyar hankali.
18-8 (nickel ba kasa da 8) yayi daidai da 304 karfe. 18-10 (nickel ba kasa da 10) yayi daidai da 316 karfe (0Cr17Ni12Mo2), wanda shine abin da ake kira likita bakin karfe.
Karfe 304 ba kayan alatu ba ne, amma ba shi da arha ko kaɗan
Ra'ayin cewa austenitic 304 bakin karfe yana da tsayi sosai saboda Xiaomi, wanda ya tattara abubuwan yau da kullun na yau da kullun shekaru da yawa cikin samfuran fasaha.
A cikin yanayin dafa abinci na yau da kullun, juriya na lalata da amincin 304 sun wadatar gaba ɗaya. Ana amfani da ƙarin ci gaba 316 (0Cr17Ni12Mo2) a cikin sinadarai, likitanci da sauran fagage, tare da ƙarin tabbatattun sinadarai da ƙarin juriya na lalata.
Austenitic 304 karfe yana da ƙananan ƙarfi kuma ana amfani dashi gabaɗaya a cikin kwantena na dafa abinci, yayin da wuƙaƙe suna amfani da ƙaramin ƙarfe mara ƙarfi na martensitic (420, 440), waɗanda ke da ƙarancin tsatsa.
A da, an yi tunanin cewa zai iya haifar da matsala, musamman 201, 202 da sauran baƙin ƙarfe mai ɗauke da manganese. 201 da 202 bakin karfe sune mafi ƙanƙanci-ƙarshen samfuran a cikin bakin karfe, kuma 201 da 202 an haɓaka su don maye gurbin wani ɓangare na bakin karfe 304. Dalili kuwa shi ne idan aka kwatanta da nickel, manganese ya fi rahusa. Cr-nickel-manganese austenitic bakin karafa kamar 201 da 202 kusan rabin farashin karfe 304 ne.
Tabbas, karfe 304 da kansa ba shi da tsada kamar yadda yake, kusan yuan 6 ko 7 a kowace catty, da karfe 316 da yuan 11 ga kowane cat. Tabbas, farashin abu sau da yawa ba abu ne mai mahimmanci ba a cikin farashin samfur na ƙarshe. Kayan girkin bakin karfe da aka shigo da shi yana da tsada sosai, ba duka saboda kayan kirki bane.
Farashin naúrar kowace tan na simintin ƙarfe shine kawai 1/25 na na chromium da 1/50 na na nickel. Daga cikin farashi ban da tsarin cirewa, farashin albarkatun kasa na bakin karfe austenitic a fili yana da yawa fiye da na martensite da baƙin ƙarfe ba tare da nickel ba. Karfe mai ƙarfi. Karfe 304 na yau da kullun ne amma ba arha ba, aƙalla dangane da ɗanyen ƙimar ƙarfe.
Bisa ga ka'idodin ƙasa na yanzu, ba za ku iya gano wane samfurin ba za a iya amfani da shi a cikin ɗakin abinci ba
Tsohuwar ma'auni na GB9684-1988 yana ƙayyadad da cewa bakin karfe mai ingancin abinci ya kasu cikin kwantena da kayan tebur. , Martensitic bakin karfe (0Cr13, 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13) ya kamata a yi amfani."
A sauƙaƙe, kallon samfurin karfe kuma ku san abin da za a iya amfani da kayan aiki a cikin sarrafa abinci, kwantena, cutlery. Babu shakka, ma'auni na ƙasa a wancan lokacin ya gano ƙarfe 304 kai tsaye a matsayin bakin karfe mai darajar abinci.
Koyaya, ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin ƙasa da aka sake fitowa daga baya - Matsayin Tsaron Abinci na Ƙasa don Samfuran Bakin Karfe GB 9684-2011 baya lissafin samfuran, kuma mutane ba za su iya yanke hukunci kai tsaye menene darajar abinci daga ƙirar ba. A dunkule kawai ya ce:
"Tableware kwantena, samar da abinci da kuma kayan aikin aiki, da kuma manyan sassa na kayan aiki ya kamata a yi da bakin karfe kayayyakin da suka dace da dacewa da ka'idojin kasa, kamar austenitic bakin karfe, austenitic ferritic bakin karfe, da ferritic bakin karfe; Tableware da kayan samar da abinci Martensitic bakin karfe kuma za a iya amfani da su ga babban jikin kayan aiki, kamar hakowa da nika kayayyakin aiki.
A cikin sabon ma'auni na ƙasa, ana amfani da hazo na abubuwan ƙarfe don tantance ko an cika ma'aunin a cikin ma'aunin jiki da na sinadarai.
Wannan yana nufin cewa ga talakawa, da gaske yana da wahala a iya bambance abin da ke da bakin karfe na abinci, kamar ana iya yin wani abu, muddin babu matsala.
Ba zan iya faɗi ba, ta yaya zan zaɓa?
Damuwar aminci na bakin karfe shine manganese. Idan yawan karafa irin su manganese ya zarce mizani, to za a samu wasu lahani ga tsarin jijiya, kamar asarar ƙwaƙwalwa da rashin kuzari.
Don haka zai haifar da guba saboda amfani da kayayyakin bakin karfe kamar 201 da 202? Amsar ita ce m.
Na farko shi ne rashin tabbatar da hujja a rayuwa ta hakika. Bugu da ƙari, a ka'idar, babu wani sakamako mai gamsarwa.
Akwai layi na yau da kullun a cikin waɗannan tattaunawa: magana game da guba ba tare da kashi ba shine hooliganism.
Kamar sauran abubuwa, mutum ba ya rabuwa da manganese, amma idan ya sha da yawa, zai haifar da haɗari. Ga manya, "isasshen adadin" na manganese shine 2-3 MG kowace rana a Amurka da 3.5 MG a China. Don mafi girman iyaka, ƙa'idodin da China da Amurka suka saita suna kusa da MG 10 kowace rana. A cewar rahotanni, yawan manganese da mazauna kasar Sin ke amfani da shi ya kai kusan MG 6.8 a kowace rana, kuma an ba da rahoton cewa manganese da aka samu daga kayan abinci na karfe na 201 ba shi da komai kuma da wuya ya canza yawan manganese na mutane.
Ta yaya ake samun waɗannan daidaitattun allurai, za su canza a nan gaba, kuma ci da hazo da rahotannin labarai ke bayarwa za su kasance cikin shakku. Yaya za a yanke hukunci a wannan lokacin?
Kusa da kasan Fissler 20cm tukunyar miya, abu: 18-10 bakin karfe
Mun yi imanin cewa ɗabi'a ce mai kyau don yin la'akari da keɓancewar rayuwar mutum, hana tasirin abubuwan haɗari, da ƙoƙarin neman mafi aminci da mafi girman matakin kayan abinci na yau da kullun a ƙarƙashin yanayi.
Don haka lokacin da za ku iya zaɓar 304 da 316, me yasa za ku zaɓi wani?
Zwillan TWIN Classic II Deep Cooking Pot 20cm Kasa Rufe
Yadda za a gane wadannan bakin karfe?
Samfuran gargajiya na Jamus kamar Fissler, WMF da Zwilling galibi suna amfani da 316 (18-10), kuma manyan samfuran ba su da tabbas.
Jafanawa suna amfani da 304, kuma sau da yawa suna bayyana abubuwan da suka hada da su kai tsaye.
Don samfuran da tushen ba su da aminci sosai, hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce aika su zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje, amma yawancin masu amfani ba su da wannan yanayin. Wasu masu amfani da yanar gizo suna tunanin cewa yin amfani da maganadisu don gano kaddarorin maganadisu wata hanya ce, kuma austenitic 304 karfe ba mai maganadisu ba ne, yayin da ferrite Body da martensitic karfe suke maganadisu, amma a zahiri austenitic 304 karfe ba mai maganadisu bane, amma dan kadan ne.
Ƙarfe na Austenitic zai haifar da ɗan ƙaramin martensite a lokacin aikin sanyi, kuma yana da wasu kaddarorin maganadisu akan farfajiyar tensile, saman lanƙwasa da yanke, kuma 201 bakin karfe shima ɗan magana ne, don haka ba abin dogaro bane don amfani da maganadisu.
Maganin gano bakin karfe zaɓi ne. A zahiri, shine gano abubuwan da ke cikin nickel da molybdenum a cikin bakin karfe. Abubuwan sinadaran da ke cikin potion suna amsawa tare da nickel da molybdenum a cikin bakin karfe don samar da wani hadadden launi na musamman, don sanin nickel na ciki da molybdenum na bakin karfe. m abun ciki.
Misali, 304 potion, lokacin da nickel a cikin gwajin bakin karfe ya fi 8%, zai nuna launi, amma saboda abun ciki na nickel na bakin karfe na 316, 310 da sauran kayan ma ya fi 8%, don haka idan 304 Ana amfani da potion don gano 310, 316 Bakin karfe shima zai nuna launi, don haka idan kuna son bambanta tsakanin 304, 310, da 316, dole ne kuyi amfani da maganin da ya dace. Bugu da kari, bakin karfen da aka gano a wurin zai iya gano abun ciki na nickel da molybdenum kawai a cikin bakin karfe, amma ba zai iya gano bakin karfe ba. Abubuwan da ke cikin sauran abubuwan sinadarai a cikin bakin karfe, kamar chromium, don haka idan kuna son sanin ainihin bayanan kowane sinadari a cikin bakin karfe, dole ne ku aika zuwa gwajin kwararru.
A cikin bincike na ƙarshe, zabar alamar abin dogaro hanya ce ta fita lokacin da sharuɗɗan Izinin0
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-08-2022