Nā ʻano nānāno nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
1. Nānā paʻa
E holoi i ka ʻili o ka uhi waho me ka gauze maʻemaʻe. Pono ka mea nānā e hoʻokomo i nā mīkina lima lima e hoʻopā i ka ʻili o ka ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka lōʻihi, a pili kēia ʻano nānā i ka ʻike o ka mea nānā. I ka wā e pono ai, hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā wahi kānalua i ʻike ʻia me ka ʻaila ʻaila a hōʻoia ʻia, akā ʻo kēia ʻano hana he ala kūpono a wikiwiki hoʻi.
2. Aila pohaku poni
① ʻO ka mua, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻili o ka uhi waho me kahi gauze maʻemaʻe, a laila e hoʻomaloʻo me ka pōhaku ʻaila (20 × 20 × 100mm a ʻoi aku paha). No nā wahi me nā arcs a paʻakikī ke hiki aku i nā wahi, e hoʻohana i nā pōhaku ʻaila liʻiliʻi (e like me ka pōhaku ʻaila semi-circular 8 × 100mm).
② ʻO ke koho ʻana o ka nui o ka ʻaila pōhaku ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ʻili (e like me ka roughness, galvanizing, etc.). Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā pōhaku ʻaila maikaʻi. ʻO ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi pōhaku ʻaila i hana maoli ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao longitudinal, a kūpono ia me ka ʻili o ka ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Ma kekahi mau wahi kūikawā, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka polishing horizontal.
3. ʻO ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka wiliwili hikiwawe
E holoi i ka ʻili o ka uhi waho me ka gauze maʻemaʻe. E hoʻohana i ka ʻupena one hiki ke hoʻopili pono i ka ʻili o ka ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻomaloʻo lōʻihi i ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa. E ʻike maʻalahi ʻia nā lua a i ʻole nā indentation.
4. ʻO ka nānāʻana i ka uhiʻaila
E holoi i ka ʻili o ka uhi waho me ka gauze maʻemaʻe. E hoʻopili i ka ʻaila ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi me kahi puluma maʻemaʻe i ka ʻili āpau o waho o ka ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. E kau i nā ʻāpana ʻaila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo o ke kukui ikaika no ka nānā ʻana. Manaʻo ʻia e kau pololei i nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke kino o ke kaʻa. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano hana, maʻalahi ka ʻike ʻana i nā lua liʻiliʻi, indentations, a me nā nalu ma nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
5. Nānā maka
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka nānā ʻana e ʻike i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hemahema macroscopic o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
E hoʻokomo i nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka hāmeʻa nānā a nānā iā lākou e like me nā koi hana o ka manual inspection tool.
Nā pae loiloi no nā hemahema o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
1. Nahaha
Ke ala nānā: nānā maka
Nā pae hoʻohālikelike:
A-type defect: ʻO ka haki ʻana i hiki ke ʻike ʻia e nā mea hoʻohana i aʻo ʻole ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ia mau hemahema i nā mea hoʻohana a pono e hoʻopaʻa koke ʻia ke ʻike ʻia.
ʻAno kīnā B: ʻike ʻia a ʻike ʻia nā māwae liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia kēia ʻano kīnā no nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā wahi I a me II, a ʻae ʻia ka wili a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, paʻakikī nā ʻāpana i hoʻoponopono ʻia i nā mea kūʻai aku a pono e hoʻokō i nā kūlana hoʻoponopono no nā ʻāpana stamped.
ʻO ka hemahema papa C: kahi kīnā i ʻike ʻole ʻia a hoʻoholo ʻia ma hope o ka nānā pono ʻana. Hoʻoponopono ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kēia ʻano kīnā e ka wili i loko o ka Zone II, Zone III, a me Zone IV, akā paʻakikī nā ʻāpana i hoʻoponopono ʻia i nā mea kūʻai aku a pono e hoʻokō i nā kūlana hoʻoponopono no nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
2. ʻO ke kānana, ka nui o ka palaoa, a me ka pōʻino ʻeleʻele
Ke ala nānā: nānā maka
Nā pae hoʻohālikelike:
Nā hemahema o ka papa A: nā kānana, nā ʻōpala, a me nā ʻeha huna i hiki ke ʻike ʻia e nā mea hoʻohana ʻole. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ia mau hemahema i nā mea hoʻohana a pono e hoʻopaʻa koke ʻia ke ʻike ʻia.
Nā pōʻino ʻano B: ʻike ʻia a ʻike ʻia nā ʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā ʻano ʻano ʻano, a me nā kaha ʻeleʻele. ʻAe ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ia mau hemahema ma ka Zone IV.
Nā pōʻino C-type: pōʻino tensile liʻiliʻi, ka nui o ka palaoa, a me ka pōʻino huna. ʻAe ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ia mau hemahema ma nā wahi III a me IV.
3. loko i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia
ʻO ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana: ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻike, ka ʻaila ʻaila, hoʻopā, a me ka ʻaila
Nā pae hoʻohālikelike:
A-type defect: He kīnā ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ke ʻae, a hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ʻole i aʻo ʻia ke ʻike pū. Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i kēia ʻano niho, pono e hoʻomaloʻo koke nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā ʻāpana dent i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kekahi wahi.
ʻO ke kīnā B-type: He kīnā maikaʻi ʻole i ʻike ʻia a ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻili o waho o ka ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia kēlā ʻano hoʻokaʻawale ma ka ʻili o waho o ka Zone I a me II o ka ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
ʻO ka hemahema papa C: He hemahema ia e pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia, a ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau dimples i loko o nā kūlana pohihihi e ʻike ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻoliʻi ʻana me nā pōhaku ʻaila. ʻAe ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o kēia ʻano paila.
4. Na nalu
ʻO ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana: ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻike, ka ʻaila ʻaila, hoʻopā, a me ka ʻaila
Nā pae hoʻohālikelike:
Papa A defect: Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano nalu e nā mea hoʻohana i aʻo ʻole ʻia ma nā wahi I a me II o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i nā mea hoʻohana. Ke ʻike ʻia, pono e hoʻomaloʻo koke nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
B-type defect: ʻO kēia ʻano nalu he pōʻino maikaʻi ʻole i hiki ke ʻike a ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi I a me II o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a pono e hoʻoponopono.
ʻO ka hemahema o ka papa C: He hemahema ia e pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia, a ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau nalu i kahi kūlana pohihihi, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma hope o ka poni ʻana me nā pōhaku ʻaila. ʻAe ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ia mau nalu.
5. ʻAʻole like a lawa ʻole ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka ʻoki ʻana
Ke ala nānā: nānā ʻike a hoʻopā
Nā pae hoʻohālikelike:
ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka papa A: ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻano like ʻole a i ʻole ka hemahema o nā kihi i ʻoki ʻia a ʻoki ʻia paha ma nā ʻāpana uhi o loko a me waho, e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ka undercutting a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka unevenness a i ʻole ka hemahema, a no laila e hoʻopilikia ai i ka maikaʻi o ka welding, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia. I ka ʻike ʻana, pono e hoʻomaloʻo koke nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
ʻAno kīnā B: ʻike ʻia a ʻike ʻia ka like ʻole a me ka hemahema o nā ʻaoʻao i ʻoki ʻia a ʻoki ʻia ʻaʻohe hopena i ka ʻoki ʻana, ka wiliwili ʻana, a me ka maikaʻi wili. ʻAe ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ia mau hemahema i loko o ka Zone II, III a me IV.
Nā hemahema Papa C: ʻAʻohe hopena o ka ʻoki ʻole a me ka hemahema o ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka ʻoki ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana a me ka ʻoki ʻana. ʻAe ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ia mau hemahema.
6. Burrs: (ʻokiʻoki, kuʻi)
Ke ala nānā: nānā maka
Nā pae hoʻohālikelike:
ʻO ka hemahema o ka Papa A: He hopena koʻikoʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kuʻi ʻana o ke kuʻi ʻana, ke kuʻi ʻana i nā lua no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka hui ʻana o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a me nā ʻāpana ʻāʻī e pili ana i ka hōʻeha pilikino. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kēia hemahema a pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia.
B-type defect: Medium burrs i loaʻa ka hopena liʻiliʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wiliwili ʻana a me ke kuʻi ʻana i nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka hui ʻana. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kēia hemahema i nā ʻāpana I a me II.
ʻO ka hemahema o ka papa C: ʻO nā burrs liʻiliʻi, i ʻae ʻia e noho ma nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka ʻole o ka pili ʻana i ka maikaʻi holoʻokoʻa o ke kaʻa.
7. ʻO ka ʻeha a me ka ʻoki ʻana
Ke ala nānā: nānā maka
Nā pae hoʻohālikelike:
Nā hemahema Papa A: ka hopena koʻikoʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili, nā burrs a me nā ʻōpala i hiki ke haehae i nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ia mau hemahema.
ʻAno kīnā B: ʻike ʻia a ʻike ʻia nā burrs a me nā ʻōpala, a ʻae ʻia ke kahakaha ʻana i nā ʻāpana me ia mau hemahema ma ka Zone IV.
Nā hemahema papa C: Hiki i nā hemahema liʻiliʻi ke kumu i nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpala ma nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a ua ʻae ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ia mau hemahema ma nā ʻāpana III a me IV.
8. Rebound
Ke ala nānā: E kau ma luna o ka mea hana nānā no ka nānā ʻana
Nā pae hoʻohālikelike:
A-type defect: He ʻano kīnā e hoʻohālikelike ana i ka nui nui a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia e noho ma nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Pēpē ʻano B: springback me ka hoʻokaʻawale nui nui e pili ana i ka nui like ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wili ma waena o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻAe ʻia kēia ʻano kīnā e noho ma nā ʻāpana III a me IV o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Papa C defect: springback me ka liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi ʻana, he hopena liʻiliʻi i ka nui like ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ma waena o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻAe ʻia kēia ʻano kīnā e noho ma nā ʻāpana I, II, III, a me IV o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
9. Leakage punching hole
Ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana: E nānā maka a kaha me kahi peni hoʻoheheʻe wai no ka helu ʻana.
Nā pae hoʻoholo loiloi: E pili ana ka leakage puka ma ka ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kūlana a me ka hui ʻana o ka ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia.
10. Oiwi
Ke ala nānā: nānā maka
Nā pae hoʻohālikelike:
ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia kēia hemahema ma nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Nā hemahema B-type: ʻike ʻia a palpable wrinkles, i ʻae ʻia ma ka Zone IV.
ʻO ka hemahema o ka papa C: ʻO ka mūmū liʻiliʻi a ʻike ʻole. ʻAe ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ia mau hemahema ma nā wahi II, III, a me IV.
11. Na Nuggets, Nuggets, Indentations
ʻO ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana: ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻike, ka ʻaila ʻaila, hoʻopā, a me ka ʻaila
Nā pae hoʻohālikelike:
ʻO ka hemahema o ka papa A: ʻO ka lua paʻa, me ka lua i puʻunaue ʻia ma luna o 2/3 o ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa. Ke ʻike ʻia kēlā mau hemahema ma nā ʻāpana I a me II, pono e hoʻomaloʻo koke nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
ʻAno kīnā B: ʻike ʻia a ʻike ʻia ka lua. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia kēlā mau hemahema e ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi I a me II.
ʻO ka hemahema o ka papa C: Ma hope o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻana, ʻike ʻia ka māhele ʻana o kēlā me kēia lua, a ma ka Zone I, pono ka mamao ma waena o nā lua he 300mm a ʻoi aku paha. ʻAe ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ia mau hemahema.
12. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā hemahema, nā kaha poli
ʻO ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana: ʻike maka a me ka hoʻoliʻi ʻana i ka pōhaku ʻaila
Nā pae hoʻohālikelike:
ʻO ka hemahema Papa A: Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia, ʻike maopopo ʻia ma ka ʻili o waho, ʻike koke ʻia e nā mea kūʻai aku a pau. Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona stamping, pono e hoʻomaloʻo koke nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
Nā hemahema B-type: ʻike ʻia, palpable, a hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻoliʻi ʻana i nā wahi i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia. ʻAe ʻia kēia mau ʻano hemahema ma nā ʻāpana III a me IV. C-type defect: Ma hope o ka poli ʻana me ka pōhaku ʻaila, hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ʻae ʻia ke kahakaha ʻana i nā ʻāpana me ia mau hemahema.
13. Nā hemahema waiwai
Ke ala nānā: nānā maka
Nā pae hoʻohālikelike:
Nā hemahema o ka Papa A: ʻAʻole i kūpono ka ikaika waiwai i nā koi, waiho ʻia nā meheu, overlaps, ʻili ʻalani, nā paʻi ma ka pā kila i ʻōwili ʻia, ka ʻili galvanized ākea, a me ka ʻili ʻana o ka papa galvanized. Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ia mau hōʻailona stamping, pono e hoʻomaloʻo koke nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Nā hemahema ʻano B: ʻO nā hemahema waiwai i waiho ʻia e nā pā kila i ʻōwili ʻia, e like me nā kaha ʻike ʻia, ka uhi ʻana, ka ʻili ʻalani, nā kaha, ka ʻili i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a me ka ʻili ʻana o ka papa galvanized, e ʻae ʻia ma ka Zone IV.
Nā hemahema o ka papa C: ʻO nā hemahema waiwai e like me nā kaha, ka uhi ʻana, ka ʻili ʻalani, nā kaha, ka ʻili i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a me ka ʻili ʻana o ka papa galvanized i waiho ʻia e ka pā kila i ʻōwili ʻia ma nā wahi III a me IV.
14. ʻAila kumu
ʻO ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana: ʻike maka a me ka hoʻoliʻi ʻana i ka pōhaku ʻaila
Nā pae hoʻohālikelike: ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā hōʻailona ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻāpana I a me II ma hope o ka poni ʻia me nā pōhaku ʻaila.
15. Convexity a me ke kaumaha
ʻO ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana: ʻike maka, hoʻopā, ʻaila polishing
Nā pae hoʻohālikelike:
A-type defect: He kīnā ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ke ʻae, a hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ʻole i aʻo ʻia ke ʻike pū. Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i nā protrusions A-type a me nā indentations, pono e hoʻomaloʻo koke nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
ʻO ke ʻano kīnā B: He kīnā maikaʻi ʻole i ʻike ʻia a ʻike ʻia ka convex a i ʻole concave point ma ka ʻili o waho o kahi ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Hiki ke ʻae ʻia kēia ʻano hemahema ma ka Zone IV.
ʻO ka hemahema o ka papa C: He hemahema ia e pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia, a ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau protrusions a me nā puʻupuʻu i loko o nā kūlana ambiguous, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻoliʻi ʻana me nā pōhaku ʻaila. Ua ʻae ʻia kēlā mau hemahema ma nā ʻāpana II, III, a me IV.
16. ʻAhu
Ke ala nānā: nānā maka
Nā pae hoʻohālikelike: ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e loaʻa i kekahi degere o ka ʻōpala.
17. Ke paʻi ʻana
Ke ala nānā: nānā maka
Nā pae hoʻohālikelike:
A-type defect: He hōʻailona stamping ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻae ʻia e nā mea hoʻohana a hiki ke ʻike ʻia e nā mea hoʻohana ʻole. Ke ʻike ʻia kēlā mau hōʻailona heʻi, pono e hoʻomaloʻo koke nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
ʻAno kīnā B: He hōʻailona ʻoluʻolu a ʻike ʻia e hiki ke hoʻopā ʻia a ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻili o waho o ka ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia kēlā mau hemahema i nā ʻāpana I a me II, a ʻae ʻia i nā ʻāpana III a me IV inā ʻaʻole lākou e pili i ka maikaʻi holoʻokoʻa o ke kaʻa.
ʻO ka hemahema o ka papa C: Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā hōʻailona e koi ana i ka polishing me ka pōhaku ʻaila e hoʻoholo ai. ʻAe ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ia mau hemahema me ka ʻole o ka pili ʻana i ka maikaʻi holoʻokoʻa o ke kaʻa.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Apr-16-2024