Ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana i ke kukui pākaukau, ma waho aʻe o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā kikoʻī, nā hana, a me nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohana, i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka palekana, mai haʻalele i ka hōʻailona hōʻoia ma ka pahu waho. Eia nō naʻe, nui nā hōʻailona hōʻoia no nā kukui papaʻaina, he aha ke ʻano?
I kēia manawa, ʻaneʻane hoʻohana ʻia nā kukui LED a pau, inā he ʻōpuʻu kukui a i ʻole nā ipu kukui. I ka wā ma mua, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā manaʻo o LED aia ma nā kukui kuhikuhi a me nā kukui uila o nā huahana uila, a ʻaʻole lākou i komo i ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā i ulu ai ka ʻenehana i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻia nā kukui pākaukau LED a me nā ʻōpuʻu kukui, a ua hoʻololi mālie ʻia nā kukui alanui a me nā kukui kaʻa e nā kukui LED. Ma waena o lākou, loaʻa nā kukui pākaukau LED i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mālama ʻana i ka mana, ka lōʻihi, ka palekana, ka mana akamai, a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā ʻōpuʻu incandescent kuʻuna. No laila, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kukui pākaukau ma ka mākeke e hoʻohana i nā kukui LED.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kukui pākaukau ma ka mākeke e hoʻolaha i nā hiʻohiʻona e like me ka flicker-free, anti-glare, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, a ʻaʻohe pōʻino uliuli. He oiaio paha keia? E mālama pono i kou mau maka a nānā i ka palapala hōʻoia no ke kūʻai ʻana i kukui pākaukau me ka maikaʻi a me ka palekana.
E pili ana i ka māka "Safety Standards for Lamps":
I mea e pale ai i nā kuleana a me nā pono o nā mea kūʻai aku, ke kaiapuni, palekana, a me ka maʻemaʻe, a me ka pale ʻana i nā huahana haʻahaʻa mai ke komo ʻana i ka mākeke, ua loaʻa i nā aupuni ma nā ʻāina like ʻole nā ʻōnaehana e pili ana i nā kānāwai a me nā kūlana honua. He kūlana palekana pono kēia ma kēlā me kēia māhele. ʻAʻohe kūlana palekana i kau ʻia e kēlā me kēia ʻāina. ʻAʻole hiki iā Zhang ke komo i kahi e kūʻai aku ma ke kānāwai. Ma o kēia mau kukui maʻamau, e loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hōʻailona kūpono.
E pili ana i nā kūlana palekana o nā kukui, ʻokoʻa nā inoa a me nā lula, akā ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā lula e like me nā kūlana honua like o ka IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission). I ka EU, ʻo ia ʻo CE, ʻo Iapana ʻo PSE, ʻo ʻAmelika ʻo ETL, a ma Kina ʻo ia ʻo CCC (ʻike ʻia ʻo 3C) hōʻoia.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻo CCC i nā huahana e pono e nānā ʻia, e like me nā kikoʻī ʻenehana, nā kaʻina hana hoʻokō, ka hōʻailona hui ʻana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike kēia mau lepili i ka ʻōlelo hoʻolaha a ka mea hana e hoʻokō kāna mau huahana i nā lula pili āpau.
Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo UL (Underwriters Laboratories) ka hui pilikino nui loa o ka honua no ka hoʻāʻo palekana a me ka ʻike. He kūʻokoʻa, ʻaʻohe waiwai, a hoʻonohonoho i nā kūlana no ka palekana o ka lehulehu. He palapala hōʻoia manawaleʻa kēia, ʻaʻole koi. Loaʻa ka hōʻoia UL i ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua. ʻO kekahi mau mea kūʻai aku me ka ʻike palekana huahana ikaika e nānā kūikawā inā loaʻa ka huahana i ka palapala UL.
Nā kūlana e pili ana i ka voltage:
E pili ana i ka palekana uila o nā kukui pākaukau, aia kēlā me kēia ʻāina i kāna mau lula ponoʻī. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa ʻo ka EU LVD Low Voltage Directive, ka mea e manaʻo e hōʻoia i ka palekana o nā kukui pākaukau ke hoʻohana ʻia. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia i nā kūlana ʻenehana IEC.
E pili ana i nā kūlana flicker haʻahaʻa:
ʻO ka "low flicker" e pili ana i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha i hana ʻia e ka ʻōlinolino o nā maka. ʻO Strobe ke alapine o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mālamalama ma waena o nā kala like ʻole a me ka mālamalama i ka wā. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke ʻike maopopo ʻia e mākou kekahi mau ʻōlinolino, e like me nā kukui kaʻa mākaʻi a me nā hemahema o ke kukui; akā, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā kukui pākaukau inevitably flicker, he mea wale nō inā hiki i ka mea hoʻohana ke manaʻo. ʻO nā pōʻino i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka uila alapine kiʻekiʻe: epilepsy photosensitive, headache a me ka nausea, luhi maka, etc.
Wahi a ka Pūnaewele, hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia ka flicker ma o ke kāmele kelepona paʻa. Eia naʻe, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka Beijing National Electric Light Source Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kāmele kelepona ke loiloi i ka flicker / stroboscopic o nā huahana LED. ʻAʻole ʻepekema kēia ʻano hana.
No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nānā ʻana i ka palapala hōʻoia haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa IEEE PAR 1789. ʻO nā kukui pākaukau haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hala i ka maʻamau IEEE PAR 1789 ka mea maikaʻi loa. ʻElua mau hōʻailona no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka strobe: Pakeke Flicker (ka lākiō flicker, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka waiwai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi) a me ke alapine (flicker rate, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka waiwai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ka maka kanaka). Loaʻa i ka IEEE PAR 1789 kahi pūʻulu o nā kumu e helu ai i ke alapine. Inā hoʻopōʻino ka uila, ua wehewehe ʻia ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka māmā puka ma mua o 3125Hz, ʻo ia ka pae ʻaʻole pilikia, a ʻaʻohe pono e ʻike i ka ratio flash.
(ʻO ke kukui i ana maoli ʻia he haʻahaʻa-stroboscopic a ʻaʻole pōʻino. ʻIke ʻia kahi wahi ʻeleʻele ma ke kiʻi ma luna, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻoiai ʻaʻohe pōʻino o ke kukui, ua kokoke ia i ka pae pōʻino. Ma ke kiʻi haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā kiko ʻeleʻele. i nā mea a pau, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia ka kukui i loko o ka pale palekana o loko.
Ka palapala hōʻoia e pili ana i nā pōʻino kukui polū
Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā LED, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā pōʻino kukui polū. ʻElua mau kūlana kūpono: IEC / EN 62471 a me IEC / TR 62778. ʻO ka European Union's IEC / EN 62471 kahi ākea ākea o nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka radiation optical a ʻo ia hoʻi ke koi kumu no kahi kukui pākaukau kūpono. ʻO ka International Electrotechnical Commission's IEC/TR 62778 ka nānā ʻana i ka loiloi polū ʻulaʻula o nā kukui a hoʻokaʻawale i nā pōʻino kukui polū i ʻehā mau pūʻulu mai RG0 a RG3:
RG0 - ʻAʻohe pilikia o ka photobiohazard inā ʻoi aku ka manawa o ka hōʻike retinal ma mua o 10,000 kekona, a ʻaʻohe pono e hōʻailona.
RG1- ʻAʻole pono e nānā pono i ke kumu kukui no ka manawa lōʻihi, a hiki i 100 ~ 10,000 kekona. ʻAʻole pono ke kaha ʻana.
RG2-ʻAʻole kūpono ke nānā pono i ke kumu kukui, ka nui o 0.25 ~ 100 kekona. Pono e kaha ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻo.
RG3-He mea weliweli ka nānā pono ʻana i ke kumu kukui a me ka pōkole (<0.25 kekona) a pono e hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻōlelo aʻo.
No laila, ʻōlelo ʻia e kūʻai i nā kukui pākaukau e hoʻokō me IEC/TR 62778 hazard-free a me IEC/EN 62471.
Lepili e pili ana i ka palekana waiwai
He mea nui ka palekana o nā lako kukui pākaukau. Inā loaʻa i nā mea hana nā metala koʻikoʻi e like me ke kēpau, cadmium, a me ka mercury, e hōʻeha ia i ke kino o ke kanaka. ʻO ka inoa piha o EU RoHS (2002/95/EC) ʻo "Directive on the Prohibition and Restriction of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Products". Mālama ʻo ia i ke olakino kanaka ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea pōʻino i loko o nā huahana a hōʻoia i ka hoʻolei pono ʻana i nā ʻōpala e pale i ke kaiapuni. . Manaʻo ʻia e kūʻai i nā kukui pākaukau i hala i kēia kuhikuhi e hōʻoia i ka palekana a me ka maʻemaʻe o nā mea.
Nā kūlana ma luna o ka pāhawewe electromagnetic
Hiki i nā māla electromagnetic (EMF) ke hoʻoulu i ka noʻonoʻo, ka luaʻi, ka maʻi leukemia kamaliʻi, nā maʻi lolo maʻi maʻi makua a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe o ke kino kanaka, e hoʻopilikia nui i ke olakino. No laila, i mea e pale aku ai i ke poʻo o ke kanaka a me ke kino i ʻike ʻia i ke kukui, pono e loiloi pono ʻia nā kukui i lawe ʻia i ka EU no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o EMF a pono e hoʻokō me ka maʻamau EN 62493.
ʻO ka hōʻailona hōʻoia honua ka hōʻoia maikaʻi loa. No ka nui o nā hoʻolaha hoʻolaha e hoʻolaha i nā hana huahana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike me ka hōʻoia a me ka hōʻailona hōʻoia. No laila, koho i nā huahana me nā hōʻailona hōʻoia honua e pale i ka hoʻopunipuni a hoʻohana pono ʻole. ʻOi aku ka maluhia o ka noʻonoʻo a me ke olakino.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-14-2024