Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Malaki i kēia makahiki, aia nā hakakā ʻino ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa Hikina, a ua kū nā ʻoihana kūloko i nā loli paʻakikī o ka honua a me ka hopena hui o nā maʻi maʻi mau. Nui nā loli i hana ʻia i ke kaulahao lako a me ke koi, a ua ʻike kekahi mau ʻoihana kūloko i nā pilikia nui a me nā poho i kā lākou ʻoihana ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa Hikina. I hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻomau pinepine ʻana o ka maʻi kalaunu hou ma nā wahi like ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki i nā limahana ʻoihana ke hoʻokō i nā hoʻololi maʻamau a me nā haole, nā loiloi honua a me ka hāʻawi ʻana aku a me nā kumukūʻai ʻoihana ʻē aʻe ke piʻi nei a me ka lohi o ka halihali, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea kūʻai aku ke hana i ka hana. e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā hale hana, nā nānā ʻana, a me nā laʻana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua loaʻa nā ʻoihana i nā pilikia a me nā pilikia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mākeke honua.
I ka lilo ʻana o ke kūlana honua i lawe ʻia e ka hakakā Lūkini-Ukrainian e paʻakikī loa, aia paha nā manawa ʻoihana kūpono no nā ʻoihana kūloko.
1. Nā hoʻololi ʻana i ke kūlana paena hoʻolako honua
1. Mai ka hakakā ma waena o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa Hikina, ua hoʻomaka kekahi mau mea kūʻai aku o Central Asia a me ʻEulopa i kūʻai mua i nā waiwai mai Russia, Ukraine a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe e huli i Kina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e ʻimi i nā kumu waiwai. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ʻEulopa a me nā mea kūʻai aku ʻē aʻe i kūʻai i nā mea kanu a me nā chassis kaʻa mai Rūsia i kēia manawa e ʻimi i nā mea hoʻolako Kina.
2. Pēlā nō, no ka mea, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Rūsia, Belarus a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i nā hoʻopaʻi kālā, ʻenehana a me nā kālepa e nā ʻāina o ke Komohana, ua hoʻopau ʻia kekahi mau kaulahao hoʻolako waiwai ma Rusia, Belarus a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, a ua koi koke ʻia nā kumuwaiwai hou. a e hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau pono i nā ʻoihana kūloko. E lawe mai i nā manawa ʻoihana hou. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka nui o nā kaʻa ma Rūsia ʻo BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, Peugeot, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia ma ʻEulopa, a ʻo ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā mea pono no kēia mau kaʻa i kēia manawa.
3. He $571.9 biliona ka huina kalepa o Rusia i ka makahiki 2020, ua emi iho he 15.2% mai ka makahiki 2019, a he $338.2 biliona ka waiwai e lawe aku ai, a emi iho he 20.7% o ka makahiki; ʻO ka waiwai lawe mai he US $ 233.7 biliona, ma lalo o 5.7% makahiki ma ka makahiki. ʻO nā huahana mīkini a me nā uila, nā huahana kemika, nā mea lawe kaʻa a me nā ʻano waiwai ʻē aʻe ʻekolu nā huahana i lawe ʻia mai ma Rūsia, e helu ana ma kahi o 56% o ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai o Rūsia. ʻO Kelemānia, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Polani, a me Iapana nā ʻāina nui e lawe aku i nā huahana i Rusia. ʻO ka mea kūikawā, ʻo nā ʻoihana Kelemania nā mea hoʻokūkū nui loa o nā hui Kina i ka lawe ʻana aku i nā mīkini a me nā lako uila, nā huahana ʻenehana māmā, nā plastics a me ka rubber, nā uaki optical a me nā mea lapaʻau i Russia.
Ma hope o ka hakakā ʻo Russia-Ukraine, me nā hoʻopaʻi a me nā pale e kūʻē iā Rūsia e nā ʻāina Komohana, ua haʻalele ka nui o nā hui Komohana mai Rusia. I kēia manawa, ke hoʻomākaukau nei ʻo India, Turkey, Vietnam a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i ka wikiwiki e hana i ka haʻalele ʻana o nā hui Komohana mai ka mākeke Lūkini. hakahaka.
4. ʻO ka waiwai nui loa a Rūsia i lawe mai mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia nā huahana mechanical a me nā uila. I ka makahiki 2018, ua lawe mai ʻo Rūsia i nā huahana mechanical a me nā uila o 73,42 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, ʻo ia ka 26,45 biliona mau kālā i lawe ʻia mai Kina mai, ʻo ia ka 50,7% o ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai o Rūsia mai Kina, no ka lawe ʻana mai o Rūsia i nā lako mīkini a me nā lako uila. . ʻO 36% o ka huina, no laila hiki ke wānana ʻia ka māhele mākeke, ʻo koʻu ʻāina ka mīkini a me nā huahana uila e lawe aku i ka mākeke Lūkini he lumi nui no ka ulu ʻana.
2021-2022 Lūkia lawe mai ana i ka Ikepili Ikepili o na lako Electromechanical
Mai Ianuali 2021 a Ianuali 2022, i ka makahiki i hala, ma lalo o ke code 84, lawe mai ʻo Russia i nā huahana pili mai 148 mau ʻāina a me nā wahi. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo Kina ka ʻāina kumu nui loa o Rūsia.
I ka makahiki 2021, ʻo ka lawe ʻana aku o Kina i nā huahana mechanical a me nā uila i Rūsia he 268.45 biliona yuan, he piʻi o 32.5%, helu no 61.5% o ka nui o ka waiwai o Kina i lawe ʻia aku i Rusia i kēlā makahiki, he piʻi o 3.6 pakeneka ma mua o ka makahiki i hala. . Ma waena o lākou, ua ulu wikiwiki ka hoʻopuka ʻana o nā mīkini maʻamau a me nā lako, nā ʻāpana kaʻa a me nā kaʻa, e hoʻonui ana i ka 82%, 37.8% a me 165%.
5. ʻO ka waiwai nui e hiki mai ana i lawe ʻia mai e Rūsia he mau huahana kemika. I ka makahiki 2018, ua lawe mai ʻo Rūsia i 29.81 biliona kālā US o nā huahana kemika.
2021-2022 Lūkia Nā huahana Kemika lawe mai i ka ʻikepili ʻikepili
Mai 2021.1 a i 2022.1, i ka makahiki i hala, ma lalo o ke code 29, lawe mai ʻo Russia i nā huahana pili mai 89 mau ʻāina a me nā wahi. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo Kina ka ʻāina kumu nui loa o Rūsia
6. ʻO ke kolu o ka waiwai i lawe ʻia mai e Rūsia, ʻo ia nā lako kaʻa. I ka makahiki 2018, ua lawe mai ʻo Rūsia i nā mea lawe kaʻa ma kahi o 25.63 biliona kālā ʻAmelika. I ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā lako kaʻa o Rūsia, ʻo nā huahana mai Kina ka 8.6%, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o Iapana a me Kelemania e 7.8 a me 6.6 pakeneka.
2021-2022 Lūkia Lako Kaʻa lawe mai i ka Ikepili Ikepili
Mai Ianuali 2021 a Ianuali 2022, i ka makahiki i hala, ma lalo o ke code 89, lawe mai ʻo Russia i nā huahana pili mai 148 mau ʻāina a me nā wahi. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo Norewai ka ʻāina lawe nui loa o Rūsia.
7. Eia kekahi, i ka makahiki 2021, lawe mai ʻo Rūsia i nā metala kumu a me nā huahana, textiles a me nā mea maka, nā lako, nā mea pāʻani, nā huahana like ʻole, nā plastics, rubber, nā kāmaʻa, nā umbrellas a me nā huahana ʻoihana māmā ʻē aʻe, nā uaki optical a me nā lako lapaʻau a me nā waiwai nui ʻē aʻe. i lawe ʻia mai Kina e noho pū i nā ʻāpana mākeke koʻikoʻi, helu no 23.8%, 34.7%, 47.9%, ʻO 17.2%, 53.9% a me 17.3% o ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai o Rūsia i nā mea like. I ka makahiki 2021, ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana aku o Kina i nā huahana koʻikoʻi e like me nā lole, nā kāmaʻa a me nā mea hale i Rusia e hōʻea i 85.77 biliona yuan, kahi hoʻonui o 2.5%, e helu ana no 19.7% o ka huina nui o Kina.
2020-2021 Kina Nā lole no nā kamaliʻi e hoʻokuʻu aku i ka ʻikepili ʻikepili
Mai ʻOkakopa 2020 a ʻOkakopa 2021, i ka makahiki i hala, ma lalo o ke code 6111, ʻo nā ʻāina 10 kiʻekiʻe loa i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā lole o nā keiki: ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Iapana, Australia, Farani, United Kingdom, Kanada, Italia, Kelemānia, ʻO ka United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, Kina, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka lawe ʻana aku i nā lole keiki he 6,573 ka nui o nā ukana i lawe ʻia aku i 178 mau ʻāina a me nā ʻāina a puni ka honua.
2020-2021 Kiʻekiʻe 10 Lūkia nā mea lawe lole keiki
Mai ʻOkakopa 2020 a ʻOkakopa 2021, he 389 mau hui ma Rūsia i komo i ka lawe ʻana i nā lole keiki (HS6111). ʻO ka pakuhi ma luna ka papa inoa o nā mea lawe mai 10 TOP. Ma kahi o 670,000 kālā ʻAmelika ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai. (ʻO ka ʻikepili ma luna nei ʻo ka ʻikepili hoʻolaha kuʻuna maʻamau wale nō).
2020-2021 ʻO ka hōʻike ʻikepili hoʻopuka kāmaʻa o Kina
2020-2021 Top 10 exporting country analysis Mai 2020.10-2021.10, i ka makahiki i hala, ma lalo o 64 codes, ʻo nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe he 10 e hoʻopuka ana i nā kāmaʻa: ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Iapana, South Korea, Australia, France, United Kingdom, Canada, Kelemānia, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Kina, etc.
2020-2021 ʻO 10 Lūkia mea lawe mai i nā huahana kāmaʻa
Mai ʻOkakopa 2020 a ʻOkakopa 2021, he 2,000 mau hui ma Rūsia i komo i ka lawe ʻana i nā kāmaʻa (HS64). ʻO ka pakuhi ma luna ka papa inoa o nā mea lawe mai 10 TOP. ʻO ka TOP 1 ka ООО МЕРКУРИ МОДА,ʻo ka waiwai lawe mai ma kahi o 4 billion rubles, aʻo ka TOP 10ʻo TEMA ООО ГЕОКС РУС,ʻo ka waiwai lawe mai ma kahi o 407 miliona rubles. (ʻO ka ʻikepili ma luna nei ʻo ka ʻikepili hoʻolaha kuʻuna maʻamau wale nō).
2020-2021 Kina Nā ʻāpana kaʻa hoʻoili ʻikepili ʻikepili
Mai ʻOkakopa 2020 a ʻOkakopa 2021, i ka makahiki i hala, ma lalo o ke code 8708, he 114,864 mau huahana i lawe ʻia aku i 217 mau ʻāina a me nā wahi a puni ka honua.
ʻO nā ʻāina he 10 kiʻekiʻe loa i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana aku i nā mea pono: ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Iapana, Australia, Kelemānia, South Korea, Mexico, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Russia, etc.
2020-2021 ʻO 10 Lūkia mea lawe mai i nā huahana kāmaʻa
Mai ʻOkakopa 2020 a ʻOkakopa 2021, aia ma mua o 2,000 mau ʻoihana ma Rūsia e komo i ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻāpana kaʻa (HS8708). ʻO ka pakuhi i luna ka papa inoa o nā mea lawe mai TOP10. Ma kahi o 289 miliona yuan. (ʻO ka ʻikepili ma luna nei ʻo ka ʻikepili hoʻolaha kuʻuna maʻamau wale nō).
2020-2021 ʻIkepili ʻIkepili Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hao hao ʻo Lūkini
Mai 2021.1 a i 2022.1, i ka makahiki i hala iho nei, ma lalo o ke code 72, ua lawe mai ʻo Russia i nā huahana pili mai 70 mau ʻāina a me nā ʻāina, ʻo Kina ka ʻāina hoʻokomo nui loa o Rūsia.
8. ʻO ka ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea maoli, kahi kumu nui o ka hoʻokele waiwai o Rūsia, ua ʻae pū ʻia e ke Komohana. E hoʻonui ʻia ʻo Rūsia i ka lawe ʻana aku i ka aila a me ke kinoea maoli i nā ʻāina e kū mai ana i ka pae aʻe, a e hoʻolalelale i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kekahi ʻimi ʻaila a me ke kinoea, ka hana ʻana, ka lawe ʻana a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā mea hana a me nā ʻenehana he ʻano oʻo, a hiki i nā ʻoihana kūloko ke hoʻonui i kā lākou hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā lako a me nā ʻenehana e like me ka ʻaila a me ka ʻili kinoea, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka hana ʻana, ka lawe ʻana, a me nā paipu.
9. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa i ka mākeke nui ma Rūsia a me Belarus. Ma mua o ka hakakā, ua lawe mai ʻo Rūsia i ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea lapaʻau mai ke Komohana, a ua lawe pū ʻo Russia a me Ukraine i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i Central Asia, ʻEulopa Hikina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana o ke Komohana, ua hoʻokuʻu iki ʻo Rūsia i ka mālama ʻana i ka waiwai noʻonoʻo o nā lāʻau lapaʻau o ke Komohana a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe, a ua maʻalahi i ka hoʻopili ʻana a me nā koi hōʻoia no nā lāʻau i lawe ʻia mai a me nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau. Hāʻawi ka mākeke i nā manawa ʻoihana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
2. Manaʻo manaʻo no nā ʻoihana e hoʻomohala i nā mākeke ma Rusia, Central Asia a me ʻEulopa Hikina:
1. Ma muli o nā loli o ke kūlana honua, pono nā ʻoihana kūloko e hana maikaʻi ma mua o ka hoʻolālā hoʻomohala ʻana, ka pool pool, logistic a me ke kūkulu hale kalepa, a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka ʻoihana kūʻai aku no nā mākeke o Rusia, Central Asia, a me ʻEulopa Hikina. 2. Pono mākou e komo ikaika i nā hōʻikeʻike a me nā hana ʻoihana ma Rūsia, Central Asia a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, e hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka launa pū me nā mea kūʻai aku ma Rusia, Central Asia, a me ʻEulopa Hikina, e hoʻokō i nā hoʻololi ʻoihana maʻamau, a me ka ikaika e kūkulu a hele i nā hale kūʻai a me nā hōʻikeʻike ma waho. ma nā ʻāina ma luna. ʻO nā kahawai a me nā kumuwaiwai e like me nā hālāwai kūkā, nā hale hōʻikeʻike a me nā logistic a me nā papahana hoʻolaha e hoʻomohala i nā mākeke i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna. 3. No kekahi mau ʻoihana kūloko e hana ana i nā huahana hoʻohana pālua, i mea e pale aku ai i ka hoʻopaʻi hui ʻana mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā pae hope ʻē aʻe, e hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻohana i nā ʻāina ʻekolu e like me Central Asia a me ʻEulopa Hikina e hana i ke kālepa me Russia a me Belarus. , a noʻonoʻo e hana i ka ʻoihana ma Central Asia, Russia, a me ʻEulopa Hikina. ʻO ka hanaʻana, ka hana a me ke kālepaʻana i nā huahana pili. 4. Pono mākou e hoʻoikaika ikaika i nā ʻoihana pono kūloko e hele i Central Asia, Russia, a me ʻEulopa Hikina. ʻAʻole pono wale kēia mau huahana, akā ʻo nā huahana ʻē aʻe a Russia, Belarus a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e ʻimi koke ai ma hope o nā paio a me nā hoʻopaʻi, e like me: nā ʻāpana kaʻa, nā mīkini a me nā lako uila, nā huahana uila, nā mīkini mahiʻai, nā mīkini mining, nā mea lapaʻau, biomedicine, ʻaila ʻaila, huahana kemika, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku, ka hub logistics, a me ka ʻoihana kūʻai aku ma Central Asia, a e lawe i ka lanakila mua i ka hoʻokūkū mākeke honua e hiki mai ana. Ma ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana ma Rūsia a me Central Asia, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻoihana kūloko ke hoʻolaha wale i nā huahana i waho a hopu koke i ka mākeke ʻāina nui e uhi ana iā ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, akā hiki ke hoʻohui pū i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā loulou ʻelima o ka Belt and Road Land Silk Road. a hoʻopaʻa i ka launa pū ʻana a me ka ʻāina. ulu waiwai. 6. Me ka hoʻopaʻi lōʻihi a me ka hoʻomau ʻana e kūʻē iā Rūsia a me Belarus e ke Komohana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mākeke o nā huahana Kina i nā mākeke i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ma Rusia, Belarus, a me nā ʻāina Soviet Union i hoʻopilikia ʻia. e Rusia, ka lawe ʻana aku i nā huahana Kina, nā kūlana Kina a me ka hōʻoia ʻana, RMB Nui nā manawa kūpono i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana, kālepa kālepa, a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka ʻāina, ka ea, ka halihali a me ka logistic.
3. Ka nānā 'ana i nā mea kū'ai e komo ana i nā mākeke Lūkini a me Central Asia ma o ka hale hō'ike'ike hale kū'ai ma waho o Uzbek.
1. Ua hauʻoli ka Repubalika o Uzbekistan i ke kūpaʻa politika, ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ke kūpaʻa pilikanaka i nā makahiki i hala. He launa maikaʻi loa ka pilina o Kina-Uzbekistan, a ʻo ka launa pū ʻana o bilateral ka mana nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana. 2. ʻO United Iron and Steel International Uzbekistan GOODY Overseas Warehouse and Exhibition Center aia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka mākeke ʻeleʻele Sabra nui loa i lawe mai a kūʻai nui ma Central Asia ma Tashkent, ke kapikala o Uzbekistan. He mea kūʻai kūʻai a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka hub, a ʻo ka hale kūʻai hale kūʻai hale kūʻai kūʻai kūʻokoʻa he kūʻokoʻa ka hoʻokaʻawale waiwai. 3. ʻO Uzbekistan he ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 miliona mau kānaka e hana ʻoihana a hana ma Rūsia, ʻEulopa Hikina a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe a puni ka makahiki. He kuʻuna lōʻihi ko ka poʻe ʻoihana ʻo Uzbekistan no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kālepa Hikina a me ke Komohana a me ke kālepa, a loaʻa iā lākou nā talena, ʻōlelo, palapala honua, visa a me nā pono ʻē aʻe e hoʻokō ai i ke kālepa ʻokoʻa. 4. He lālā ʻo Uzbekistan o ka Commonwealth of Independent States a ua hauʻoli ʻo ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka lāhui i makemake nui ʻia e ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Rusia a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokomo nā mea kūʻai mai Uzbekistan i nā ʻāina ʻo Eurasian Economic Union, Central Asia, ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, e hauʻoli ana i nā pono o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kālepa a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka uku. 5. ʻO Tashkent, ke kapikala o ʻUzbekistan, he wahi kālepa kālepa koʻikoʻi ia ma ʻAsia Waena. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale koke ʻia nā mea kūʻai mai Uzbekistan a i Rusia, ʻEulopa Hikina, Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana o ka EU e kūʻē iā Rūsia a me ka pani ʻana i nā awa transit, hiki ke hoʻopilikia piha ʻia nā kaʻa kaʻa ukana ʻo Kina-Europa. I mea e hōʻoia ai i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā waiwai i Rūsia, ʻo ke alanui a me ka logistics kaʻa mai Central Asia, ʻo Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe e hana nui. 6. Ua waiwai ʻo Uzbekistan i nā kumuwaiwai minerala a me nā waiwai mahiʻai, akā nāwaliwali kona kumu ʻoihana. Loaʻa iā Uzbekistan nā ʻōnaehana maikaʻi a me nā kumu waiwai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe. ʻIke loa ka hoʻokō waiwai ma waena o Kina a me Uzbekistan.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-12-2022