He kuleana koʻikoʻi nā lima i ka hana hana hana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā lima kekahi mau ʻāpana i ʻeha maʻalahi, e helu ana ma kahi o 25% o ka nui o nā hōʻeha ʻoihana. ʻO ke ahi, ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ka uila, nā kemika, nā hopena, nā ʻoki, nā ʻōpala, a me nā maʻi hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā lima. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o nā ʻeha mīkini e like me ka hopena a me ka ʻoki ʻana, akā ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o nā ʻeha uila a me nā ʻeha radiation a hiki ke alakaʻi i ke kīnā a make paha. No ka pale ʻana i nā lima o nā limahana mai ka ʻeha ʻana i ka wā o ka hana, he mea koʻikoʻi ke kuleana o nā mīkina lima pale.
Nā kūlana kuhikuhi no nā mīkina lima pale
I Malaki 2020, ua hoʻopuka ka European Union i kahi kūlana hou:EN ISO 21420: 2019Nā koi maʻamau a me nā ʻano hoʻāʻo no nā mīkina lima pale. Pono nā mea hana o nā mīkina lima pale e hōʻoia i nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i kā lākou huahana ʻaʻole pili i ke olakino o nā mea hana. Hoʻololi ka maʻamau EN ISO 21420 hou i ka maʻamau EN 420. Eia kekahi, ʻo EN 388 kekahi o nā kūlana ʻEulopa no nā mīkina lima pale ʻoihana. Ua ʻae ke Kōmike ʻEulopa no ka Standardization (CEN) i ka mana EN388: 2003 ma Iulai 2, 2003. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo EN388: 2016 i Nowemapa 2016, e pani ana i ka EN388: 2003, a me ka mana hou EN388: 2016 + A1: 2018 i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ma 2018.
Nā kūlana pili no nā mīkina lima pale:
EN388:2016 Mechanical standard no nā mīkina lima pale
EN ISO 21420: 2019 Nā koi maʻamau a me nā ʻano hoʻāʻo no nā mīkina lima pale
EN 407 no nā mīkina lima pale ahi a me ka wela
EN 374 Nā koi no ka pale ʻana i ke komo ʻana o ke kemika o nā mīkina lima pale
EN 511 Nā kūlana hoʻoponopono no nā mīkina lima pale anuanu a haʻahaʻa
EN 455 Nā mīkina lima pale no ka hopena a me ka pale ʻoki
Nā mīkina lima paleʻano nānā
I mea e pale aku ai i ka palekana o ka mea kūʻai aku a pale aku i ka pohō o nā mea kūʻai aku i hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ma muli o nā pilikia o ka huahana, pono nā mīkina lima pale a pau i lawe ʻia i nā ʻāina o EU e hele i kēia mau nānā:
1. Ma ka paena mechanical hana hoao ana
EN388:2016 Hōʻike hōʻailona
pae | Papa1 | Papa2 | Papa3 | Papa4 |
E hoʻohana i nā kipi | 100 rpm | 500pm | 2000pm | 8000pm |
1.1 Kūʻē abrasion
pae | pae1 | pae2 | pae3 | pae4 | Papa5 |
Coupe Anti-cut ho'āʻo waiwai index | 1.2 | 2.5 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 20.0 |
pae | Papa1 | Papa2 | Papa3 | Papa4 |
Paʻa waimaka(N) | 10 | 25 | 50 | 75 |
pae | Papa1 | Papa2 | Papa3 | Papa4 |
ʻAʻole kū i ka puncture(N) | 20 | 60 | 100 | 150 |
pae | Papa A | Papa B | Papa C | Papa D | Papa E | Papa F |
TMD(N) | 2 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 22 | 30 |
Hoʻohana ka hoʻāʻo ʻoki TDM i kahi pahi e ʻoki i ka mea lima lima i ka wikiwiki mau. Hoʻāʻo ia i ka lōʻihi hele o ka maka ke ʻoki ʻo ia i ka hāpana ma lalo o nā ukana like ʻole. Hoʻohana ia i nā ʻōkuhi makemakika pololei no ka helu ʻana (slope) e kiʻi i ka nui o ka ikaika e pono ai ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka holo ʻana o ka pahi i 20mm. E ʻoki i ka hāpana.
He mea hou kēia ho'āʻo i ka mana EN388:2016. Hōʻike ʻia ka pae hopena ma ke ʻano he AF, a ʻo F ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me EN 388:2003 hoʻāʻo coupe, hiki i ka hoʻāʻo TDM ke hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona hana ʻoi aku ka pololei.
5.6 Ke kūʻē i ka hopena (EN 13594)
Hōʻike ke ʻano ʻeono i ka pale ʻana i ka hopena, he hōʻike koho. Inā hoʻāʻo ʻia nā mīkina lima no ka pale ʻana i ka hopena, hāʻawi ʻia kēia ʻike e ka leka P ʻo ke ono a me ka hōʻailona hope. Me ka ʻole o P, ʻaʻohe hopena o ka mīkina lima.
2. Nānā hiʻonao nā mīkina lima pale
-Ka inoa o ka mea hana
- Nā mīkina lima a me nā nui
- hōʻailona hōʻoia CE
- EN kiʻi hōʻailona maʻamau
Pono e hiki ke heluhelu ʻia kēia mau māka i ke ola o ka mīkina lima
3. Nā mīkina lima palemākaʻikaʻi paʻi
- Ka inoa a me ka helu wahi o ka mea hana a luna paha
- Nā mīkina lima a me nā nui
- hōʻailona CE
- ʻO ia ka pae noi/hoʻohana i manaʻo ʻia, e laʻa, "no ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi wale nō"
- Inā hāʻawi ka mīkina lima i ka pale i kahi kikoʻī o ka lima, pono e haʻi ʻia kēia, e laʻa, "pale lima wale nō"
4. Hele mai nā mīkina lima pale me nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi a i ʻole nā lima hana
- Ka inoa a me ka helu wahi o ka mea hana a luna paha
- Ka inoa lima lima
- Loaʻa ka laulā nui
- hōʻailona CE
- Nā kuhikuhi mālama a mālama
- Nā kuhikuhi a me nā palena o ka hoʻohana
- Ka papa inoa o nā mea allergenic i loko o nā mīkina lima
- He papa inoa o nā mea a pau i loko o nā mīkina lima i loaʻa ma ke noi
- Ka inoa a me ka helu wahi o ke kino hōʻoia i hōʻoia i ka huahana
- Nā kūlana kumu
5. Nā koi no ka pōʻino ʻoleo nā mīkina lima pale
- Pono nā mīkina lima e hāʻawi i ka palekana kiʻekiʻe;
- Inā he mau hili ma ka mīkina lima, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻemi ʻia ka hana o ka mīkina lima;
- Pono ka pH ma waena o 3.5 a me 9.5;
- Pono ka maʻiʻo Chromium (VI) ma lalo o ka waiwai ʻike (<3ppm);
- Pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia nā mīkina lima kūlohelohe i nā protein hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i mea e hōʻoia ai ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoulu i ka maʻi maʻi i ka mea hoʻohana;
- Inā hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻemi ʻia nā pae hana ma hope o ka nui o ka holoi ʻana.
Hiki i ka maʻamau EN 388:2016 ke kōkua i nā limahana e hoʻoholo i nā mīkina lima i loaʻa ka pae kūpono o ka pale ʻana i nā pilikia mechanical i loko o ka hana. No ka laʻana, hiki i nā limahana hana ke hālāwai pinepine i ka pilikia o ka lole a me ka waimaka a pono e koho i nā mīkina lima me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻaʻahu, ʻoiai ʻo nā limahana hana metala pono e pale iā lākou iho mai ka ʻoki ʻana i nā ʻeha mai ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea hana a i ʻole nā ʻōpala mai nā ʻaoʻao metala ʻoi, pono ke koho ʻana i nā mīkina lima me ka kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoki kūʻē. Nā mīkina lima.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-16-2024