KAUKAU ELELE HAAHAA
Wahi a nā helu helu o ka ʻōnaehana puka palekana EU (EU RAPEX), i ka makahiki 2020, ua hoʻopuka ka EU i ka huina o 272 mau leka hoʻomanaʻo i hoʻokō ʻole i ka Low Voltage Directive. Ma 2021, ua hoʻopuka ʻia he 233 mau hoʻomanaʻo; ʻO nā huahana e pili ana i nā mea hoʻoili USB, nā mea hoʻololi mana, nā ʻāpana mana, nā kukui waho, nā ʻāpana kukui hoʻonaninani a me nā huahana uila a me ka uila. ʻO ke kumu ʻaʻole lawa ka pale insulation o kēia mau huahana, hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke hoʻopā i nā ʻāpana ola a hoʻoulu i ka uila uila, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō i ka Low Voltage Directive a me nā kūlana EU EN62368 a me EN 60598. Ua lilo ka Low Voltage Directive i kahi pilikia kiʻekiʻe. pale no nā huahana uila e komo i ka EU.
"Ka Papahana Haʻahaʻa Voltage" a me "Ka Voltage Haʻahaʻa"
"Kuhi Uila Haʻahaʻa" (LVD):Hoʻokumu mua ʻia i ka makahiki 1973 ma ke ʻano he Directive 73/23/EEC, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ka Directive i kekahi mau hoʻoponopono a ua hoʻonui ʻia i ka makahiki 2006
i 2006/95/EC e like me nā lula hoʻomākaukau kānāwai o ka EU, akā ʻaʻole hoʻololi ka mea. I Malaki 2014, ua hoʻolaha ka European Union i kahi mana hou o ka Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU, i pani i ka 2006/95/EC Directive. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ke kuhikuhi hou ma ʻApelila 20, 2016.
ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka LVD Directive e hōʻoia i ka palekana o nā huahana uila i kūʻai ʻia a hana ʻia i loko o ka European Union no nā mea kūʻai aku i ka wā e hana pono ai lākou a i ʻole ke hāʻule.“低电压”：
ʻO ka LVD Directive ka wehewehe ʻana i nā huahana "haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa" e like me nā lako uila me ka volts helu o 50-1000 volts AC a i ʻole 75-1500 volts DC.
Hoʻolaha:ʻO nā huahana uila me ka volts haʻahaʻa ma mua o 50 volts AC a i ʻole ma lalo o 75 volts DC e alakaʻi ʻia e ka EU General Product Safety Directive (2001/95/EC) a ʻaʻole e hāʻule i loko o ke ʻano o ka Low Voltage Directive. ʻAʻole uhi ʻia kekahi mau waiwai e like me nā huahana uila i loko o nā lewa pahū, radiological a me nā mea lapaʻau, nā plug home a me nā kumu e ka Low Voltage Directive.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2006/95/EC, nā hoʻololi nui o 2014/35/EU:
1. E hōʻoia i ka maʻalahi o ka mākeke a me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka palekana.
2. Hoʻomaopopo i nā kuleana o nā mea hana, nā mea lawe mai a me nā mea hoʻolaha.
3. E hoʻoikaika i ka traceability a me ka nānā ʻana i nā koi no nā huahana hemahema.
4. He mea maopopo, pono ka mea hana e hana i ka loiloi conformity ma o ia iho, a ʻaʻohe pono o ke kino i hoʻolaha ʻia e ke kolu e komo i ke kaʻina hana.
Nā koi o ka LVD Directive
Hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā koi o ka kuhikuhi LVD e like me 10 mau pahuhopu palekana ma lalo o 3 mau kūlana:
1. Nā koi palekana ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau:(1) No ka hōʻoia ʻana e hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia nā mea uila e like me ke kumu hoʻolālā, a pono e ʻike ʻia ka hana maʻamau ma nā mea hana a i ʻole ka hōʻike e pili pū ana. (2) E hōʻoia ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā mea uila a me kāna mau ʻāpana e hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia a pili pono. (3) Inā hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana e like me kāna kumu hoʻolālā a mālama pono ʻia, ʻo kāna hoʻolālā a me kāna hana e hōʻoia i hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi palekana pōʻino i nā kūlana ʻelua.2. Nā koi no ka palekana i ka wā e hana ai ka lako ponoi i nā pilikia:(1) Mālama pono i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona mai ka hōʻeha kino a i ʻole nā pōʻino ʻē aʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hoʻopili uila pololei a i ʻole. (2) ʻAʻole e hana ʻia kahi mahana weliweli, arcing a radiation paha. (3) Ka palekana kūpono o nā kānaka, nā holoholona a me nā waiwai mai nā pōʻino maʻamau ʻole (e like me ke ahi) i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā mea uila. (4) Ka palekana insulation kūpono ma lalo o nā kūlana i ʻike mua ʻia.3. Nā koi no ka palekana palekana ke hoʻopili ʻia nā mea hana e nā mana o waho:(1) E hoʻokō i nā koi hana mechanical i manaʻo ʻia a ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia i nā kānaka, nā holoholona a me nā waiwai. (2) Kū'ē i nā hoʻoikaika kinoʻole ma lalo o nā kūlana kaiapuni i manaʻoʻia iʻole e hoʻopilikia i nā kānaka, nā holoholona a me nā waiwai. (3) ʻAʻole e hoʻoweliweli i nā kānaka, nā holoholona a me nā waiwai ma lalo o ka hoʻouka ʻana (overloading).
Manaʻo kōkua:ʻO ka hahai ʻana i nā maʻamau i hoʻohui ʻia he ala maikaʻi ia e hana ai me ka LVD Directive. ʻO "Hormonized Standards" kahi papa o nā kikoʻī ʻenehana me ka hopena kānāwai, i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā hui kūlana ʻEulopa e like me CEN (European Committee for Standardization) e pili ana i nā koi EU, a ua paʻi mau ʻia ma ka Official Journal of the European Union. Hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ka nui o nā kūlana harmonized e pili ana i nā kūlana IEC o ka International Electrotechnical Commission. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka maʻamau i hoʻopili ʻia no nā mea lawe USB, EN62368, mai IEC62368. ʻO ka Mokuna 3, Māhele 12 o ka LVD Directive e wehewehe ʻo ia ke kumu kumu no ka loiloi hoʻokō, nā huahana uila e kū pono ana i nā kūlana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e hoʻokō pono i nā pahuhopu palekana o ka Low Voltage Directive. Pono e loiloi ʻia nā huahana ʻaʻole i paʻi i nā kūlana kūlike me ka pili ʻana i nā kūlana IEC a i ʻole nā kūlana mokuʻāina lālā e like me nā kaʻina hana.
Pehea e noi ai no ka palapala hōʻoia CE-LVD
Wahi a ka LVD Directive, hiki i nā mea hana uila ke hoʻomākaukau i nā palapala ʻenehana, hana i nā loiloi conformity, a hoʻolālā i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka EU ma o lākou iho, me ka ʻole o ke komo ʻana o nā hui ʻaoʻao ʻekolu. Akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka noi ʻana no ka hōʻoia CE-LVD e ʻike ʻia e ka mākeke a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻoluʻolu o ke kālepa a me ke kahe.
ʻO nā kaʻina hana penei: 1. E hoʻouna i nā mea noi i kahi hui hōʻoia kūpono, e like me nā palapala noi i loaʻa nā ʻike kumu o nā mea noi a me nā huahana. 2. E hoʻouna i ka manual aʻo huahana a me nā palapala ʻenehana huahana (e like me nā kiʻi hoʻolālā kaapuni, papa inoa ʻāpana a me nā mea hōʻoia ʻāpana, etc.). 3. Ho'āʻo ke kino hōʻoia i ka huahana e like me nā kūlana kūpono, a hoʻopuka i kahi hōʻike hoʻāʻo ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka huahana. 4. Hoʻopuka ke kino hōʻoia i ka palapala CE-LVD e like me ka ʻike pili a me ka hōʻike hōʻike.
Pono nā huahana i loaʻa i ka palapala CE-LVD e mālama i ke kūpaʻa o ka palekana o ka huahana, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka huahana, hana, a me nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi, a mālama i ka ʻikepili ʻenehana kūpono no ka nānā ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana.
Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻē aʻe: ʻO kekahi ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i nā kuhikuhi. E nānā pono i nā ʻano o nā lula a me nā kūlana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e like me ka EU LVD Directive, e hoʻomau i nā koi ʻenehana hou loa, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana a me ka hoʻolālā ma mua. ʻO ka lua, ʻo ia ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā loiloi palekana huahana. No nā huahana me nā kūlana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia ka mana o ka maikaʻi i nā mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, a ʻo nā huahana me ka ʻole o nā kūlana kūlike i hāʻawi ʻia i ka mea nui e kuhikuhi i nā kūlana IEC, a ua lawe ʻia kahi hōʻike hoʻokō hoʻokō kolu o ka hui inā pono. ʻO ke kolu ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ka pilikia. Loaʻa i ka LVD Directive nā koi e pili ana i nā kuleana o nā mea hana, nā mea lawe a me nā mea hoʻolaha.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-19-2022