I Ianuali 2022, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻaelike hoʻokele waiwai holoʻokoʻa (RCEP), e uhi ana i 10 mau ʻāina ASEAN, Kina, Iapana, South Korea, Australia a me New Zealand. ʻO nā ʻāina lālā he 15 e uhi ana ma kahi kokoke i hoʻokahi hapakolu o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua, a ʻo kā lākou huina e lawe aku ai ma kahi o 30% o ka huina honua. I ka makahiki 2021, ua hoʻokuʻu aku ʻo Kina i 562.31 biliona yuan o ka lole a me nā lole i nā ʻāina lālā o RCEP, e helu ana no 27.6% o ka nui o ka waiwai kūʻai aku o Kina i nā lole a me nā lole. Wahi a kahi ʻāina hoʻokahi, ma waena o nā mākeke kūʻai nui he ʻumi o nā lole lole a me nā lole o Kina, ʻelima mau ʻāina lālā o RCEP, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Iapana, Vietnam, South Korea, Australia a me Malaysia, me nā mea kūʻai aku o 129.51 billion yuan, 113.78 billion yuan, 65.02 billion. yuan, 44.07 billion yuan a me 41.93 billion yuan i kēlā me kēia, helu no 6.4%, 5.6%, 3.2%, 2.2% a me 2.1% o ka huina waiwai o ka lole lole a me na lole o Kina.
ʻO ke kiʻikuhi Schematic o nā lole lole a me nā lole i lawe ʻia i nā ʻāina lālā RCEP ma 2021
I mea e hoʻokō maikaʻi ai i nā koi o ka "noʻonoʻo nui ʻana a me ke aʻo ʻana i nā hana kālepa ʻenehana o nā ʻāina lālā o ka RCEP" i nā manaʻo alakaʻi o ke Kuhina Kālepa a me nā keʻena ʻeono ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻokō kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻaelike pili waiwai holoʻokoʻa. (RCEP), ke hōʻiliʻili nei mākou a hoʻokaʻawale i nā hana kālepa ʻenehana o ka lole RCEP a me nā lole, me ka manaʻo e hāʻawi i ke alakaʻi no nā ʻoihana lole a me nā lole e hoʻomohala i ka mākeke RCEP.
Iapana
01 mana hooponopono
ʻO nā keʻena hoʻoponopono hoʻokomo lole a me nā lole o Iapana ka nui o ka Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW), ke Kuhina o ka ʻoihana waiwai, ʻoihana (METI), ke keʻena kūʻai mea kūʻai aku (CAA) a me ka Customs and Tariff Bureau. 02 nā lula ʻenehana a me nā kūlana
ʻO nā koi maʻamau no nā lepili maikaʻi o nā textiles a me nā lole i kuhikuhi ʻia i loko o ke kānāwai label quality goods home ① a me nā lula e pili ana i nā lepili maikaʻi o nā textiles ②. No nā kikoʻī, e ʻike iā JIS L 0001:2014 ka ʻike ʻana o ka holoi a mālama ʻana i nā lepili lole ③. ʻO ke kānāwai e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea pōʻino i loko o nā ʻatikala hale ④ a me kāna mau hoʻoponopono hoʻokō ⑤ hoʻoponopono i nā mea pōʻino i loko o nā lole a me nā lole, a papa inoa i nā inoa, nā huahana pili a me nā ʻano hoʻāʻo o nā mea pōʻino. ʻO ka outline o nā kūlana hoʻomalu no nā mea ʻino ma nā ʻatikala hale ⑥ hoʻohui i nā koi palena. ʻO ka ʻōlelo hoʻomalu no ka hoʻoponopono hapa o ke kauoha hoʻokō i ka loiloi a me ka hana ʻana i nā mea kemika ⑦ e ʻōlelo ana e pāpā ʻia ka lawe ʻana mai i nā lole a me nā lole i loaʻa ka perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) a me kāna mau paʻakai. ʻO ka Paukū 8-3 o ke kānāwai pale ahi ⑧ e kuhikuhi ana i ka hana ʻana a me ka lepili i nā koi o kekahi mau lole a me nā lole. E ʻike i nā mea pili ⑨ o ka Japan Fire Protection Association no nā kikoʻī. ʻO ke kānāwai kuleana o ka huahana ⑩ e ʻōlelo ana e kau ka mea hana i ke kuleana no ka make, ʻeha a i ʻole ka pōʻino waiwai i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā hemahema o ka huahana (e like me nā nila haki). Eia kekahi, ʻo nā huahana lole a me nā lole e hoʻohana ana i ka hulu a i ʻole ka ʻili e pono ai e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka Hui Kūkākūkā o Wakinekona, ka hana hopu holoholona no ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona hihiu, ka Livestock Infectious Disease Control Act, a me ke kānāwai palekana ʻano holoholona hihiu.
03 ke kaʻina hana loiloi conformity
1. Ma hope o ka ho'āʻoʻiaʻana o ka lole a me nā lole i laweʻia mai e ka hui i kohoʻia e kūlike me nā kūlanaʻoihana JIS Japanese, hiki ke hoʻopaʻaʻia ka hōʻailona JIS ma nā huahana, e hōʻike ana ua loaʻa iā lākou ka palapala hōʻoia JIS o ka Hui Hoʻonaʻauao Kūikawā o Iapana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hōʻailona ma lalo mai ka hema a i ka ʻākau e hōʻike i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka huahana me nā kūlana huahana JIS; Nā māka e like me ka hana ʻana i nā kūlana ʻenehana; He hōʻailona e pili ana i nā kūlana JIS e kuhikuhi ana i kekahi mau mea kūikawā e like me ka hana, palekana, etc.
2. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka lole a me nā lole me nā hōʻailona hōʻailona manawaleʻa, e like me ka SIF mark (kahi palapala hōʻoia o nā huahana kiʻekiʻe o Iapana textile quality and Technology Center), silk mark (nā huahana i hōʻoia ʻia e ka hui lole lole silika honua i hana ʻia me 100% siliki. ), hōʻailona hemp (kahi palapala hōʻoia o nā huahana kiʻekiʻe o Iapana, ramie a me jute Textile Manufacturers Association), SEK mark (nā huahana i hōʻoia ʻia e Iapana. Textile Function Evaluation Association) a me ka hōʻailona Q (ka palapala hōʻoia o nā huahana kiʻekiʻe o ke Kōmike Q mark). 3. Na ke Kuhina o ka ho'okele waiwai, kālepa a me ka 'oihana o Iapana e alaka'i i ka māka'ika'i ma ka māka'ika'i ma ka paena a me ka hō'ike 'ana i ka lehulehu, a e ha'i aku i ka mea hana a mea ho'olako mai e ho'oponopono i ka lole lole a me ka lole i kupono 'ole a i hoailona ole ia e like me na rula maluna. Inā ʻaʻole e hoʻoponopono ka mea hana ʻoihana i ka manawa, e hoʻopaʻi ʻia ka mea hana ʻoihana i ka hoʻopaʻahao paʻa ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka uku ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 miliona yen e like me nā ʻōlelo o ke kānāwai hoʻonaʻauao ʻenehana Iapana.
04 ʻōlelo pumehana
Pono nā ʻoihana e hoʻokuʻu aku i nā lole a me nā lole e nānā i ka nānā ʻana i nā mea ʻino o nā huahana hale ma Iapana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea i hōʻike ʻole ʻia i loko o nā kūlana mandatory o ka lole lole a me nā lole o Kina, e like me ka flame retardants, insecticides, fungicide a me ka mold proof finishing agents, perfluorooctanoic. ʻakika (PFOA) a me kāna mau paʻakai. Pono ʻo Iapana e ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka formaldehyde o nā huahana pēpē ma lalo o 24 mau makahiki ma mua o 16mg / kg, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o nā ʻōlelo o GB 18401 (20mg / kg) ma Kina. Pono nō hoʻi e nānā. Eia kekahi, he koi koʻikoʻi ko Iapana no nā nila haʻihaʻi, a ʻo nā lole i lawe ʻia mai e pono e hele i ka nānā ʻana i nā nila haki. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana nā ʻoihana i nā mīkini hoʻāʻo pono e hoʻoikaika i ka nānā.
Wiekanama
01 mana hooponopono
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kūlana palekana lole a me nā lole o Vietnam e ka General Administration of standards, metrology and quality (stameq) ma lalo o ka Ministry of Science and Technology, nona ke kuleana no ka standardization, metrology, productivity and quality management. ʻO ke Kuhina o ka ʻoihana a me ke kālepa ke kuleana no ka mālama palekana o ka lole a me nā lole. ʻO ke keʻena ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana ma lalo o ke Kuhina ke kuleana no ka loiloi a loiloi i nā faila hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻoihana o ka hōʻoia, loiloi a me nā ʻoihana hoʻāʻo, a ʻo ke keʻena hoʻokele mākeke holoʻokoʻa ma lalo o ke Kuhina ke kuleana no ka hoʻonohonoho a alakaʻi ʻana i nā māhele hoʻokele mākeke o nā panalāʻau a me nā kaona. ma lalo o ke aupuni koʻikoʻi e nānā, hoʻomalu a hoʻoponopono i nā hewa o ka huahana a me nā hoʻoponopono maikaʻi o nā huahana. E hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā lole lole a me nā lole i lawe ʻia mai e ka dute.
02 nā lula ʻenehana a me nā kūlana
ʻO nā lula ʻenehana a me nā lole lole o Vietnam he qcvn: 01 / 2017 / BCT nā lula ʻenehana aupuni e pili ana i ka ʻike o ka formaldehyde a me nā dyes azo hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā amine aromatic i nā textiles (nā kānāwai i hoʻopuka ʻia 21 / 2017 / tt-bct ⑪ a me nā hoʻololi hou 20187 / 0 / tt-bct ⑫ a me 20 / 2018 / tt-bct ⑬). ʻO nā loina hoʻopaʻa inoa ⑭ e kuhikuhi i nā pono lepili no nā huahana i kūʻai ʻia ma Vietnam. Pono e kākau ʻia nā lepili ma Vietnamese, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka fiber, nā kikoʻī ʻenehana, ka ʻike ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōlelo, ka makahiki hana, etc.
03 ke kaʻina hana loiloi conformity
1. Pono nā huahana a me nā mea kūʻai aku i kūʻai ʻia ma ka mākeke Vietnamese e hoʻokō i nā ʻōlelo a qcvn: 01 / 2017 / BCT nā lula ʻenehana aupuni e pili ana i ka ʻike o ka formaldehyde a me nā dyes azo hiki ke decompose i nā amine aromatic i nā textiles; E like me ka Notice No. 28 / 2012 / tt-bkhcn ⑮ a me ka Notice No. 02 / 2017 / tt-bkhcn ⑯ o ke Kuhina ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, e paʻi ʻia ka conformity mark (CR mark). 2. Pono ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka ʻae ʻana i nā kuʻuna ma Vietnam i nā palapala like ʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia ma 38 / 2015 / tt-btc ⑰, 39 / 2018 / tt-btc ⑱, 60 / 2019 / tt-btc ⑲ a me 06 / 2021 / ⑳btdc Ianuali 22, 2021. Ma Eia kekahi, ma muli o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kānāwai kuʻuna hou, pono e hoʻokō ʻia ka ʻae ʻana i ka uila uila ma ke kumu.
04 ʻōlelo pumehana
ʻOi aku ka hoʻomaha ʻana o nā mea ʻino i ka textile a me nā lole ma Vietnam ma mua o Kina. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā koi no ka formaldehyde i nā ʻatikala no nā pēpē a me nā keiki liʻiliʻi ma lalo o 36 mau mahina ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 30mg / kg (20mg / kg ma Kina), a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea azo 22 ma mua o 30mg / kg (24 ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea azo. ma mua o 20mg / kg ma Kina). ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu aku i Vietnam e kālele i nā koi o qcvn: 01 / 2017 / BCT nā hoʻoponopono ʻenehana aupuni e pili ana i ka ʻike o ka formaldehyde a me nā dyes azo hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i loko o nā amine aromatic i nā textiles, e like me ka conformity mark a me ka haʻi ʻana o ka conformity.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-22-2022