Ka papa inoa o ka ho'āʻo pāʻani a me ka hōʻoia ma nā ʻāina like ʻole:
EN71 EU Toy Standard, ASTMF963 US Toy Standard, CHPA Canada Toy Standard, GB6675 China Toy Standard, GB62115 China Electric Toy Toy Standard, EN62115 EU Electric Toy Toy Standard, ST2016 Japanese Toy Safety Standard, AS/NZS ISO 8124 Australia/New Zealand Toy Nā Kūlana hoʻāʻo. E pili ana i ka hōʻoia pāʻani, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻāina kona mau kūlana a me nā kikoʻī. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua like nā kūlana pāʻani me nā hoʻāʻo o nā mea ʻino a me ke kino a me ke ahi.
Ma lalo iho nei ka papa inoa o nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka standard American a me ka standard European. ʻOkoʻa ka palapala hōʻoia ASTM mai ka ʻāina i hoʻopuka ʻia ai ka palapala hōʻoia EN71. 1. ʻO EN71 ke kūlana palekana pāʻani ʻEulopa. 2. ʻO ASTMF963-96a ke kūlana palekana pāʻani ʻAmelika.
ʻO EN71 ka European Toys Directive: Pili ka Directive i nā huahana a i ʻole nā mea i hoʻolālā ʻia a i manaʻo ʻia no ka pāʻani ʻana e nā keiki ma lalo o 14 mau makahiki.
1、EN71 maʻamau maʻamau:Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ua māheleʻia ka ho'āʻo EN71 no nā mea pāʻani maʻamau i kēia mauʻanuʻu: 1), Māhele 1: ho'āʻo kino mechanical; 2), Māhele 2: ho'āʻo flammability; 3), Māhele 3: ho'āʻo metala kaumaha; Hoʻopili ʻo EN71 i nā mea pāʻani 14 no nā keiki ma lalo o 3 mau makahiki, a aia nā kānāwai kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pāʻani no nā keiki ma lalo o 3 mau makahiki. lako ikehu. Ma kahi o ka ho'āʻo maʻamau EN71 maʻamau no nā mea pāʻani, ua hana pū ʻia nā hoʻokolohua electromagnetic compatibility, e pili ana: EMI (electromagnetic radiation) a me EMS (electromagnetic immunity).
Ma ka ʻōlelo pili, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā koi o ASTMF963-96a ma mua o nā CPSC a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. Nā mea pāʻani no nā keiki ma lalo o ka makahiki 14. ʻO ASTM F963-96a nā ʻāpana he ʻumikumamāhā: Scope, Reference Documents, Statements, Safety Requirements, Safety Labeling Requirements, Instructions, Manufacturer's Identification, Test Methods, Identification, Age Group Guidelines, Packaging and ʻO ka lawe ʻana, nā ʻano o nā mea pāʻani e koi ʻia nā alakaʻi, nā alakaʻi hoʻolālā no nā mea pāʻani i hoʻopili ʻia i nā moena a i ʻole nā pā pāʻani, nā kaʻina hana hoʻāʻo flammable no nā mea pāʻani.
ʻO ka ASTM kahi koi hōʻoia no nā huahana e komo ana i ka mākeke US: 1. ʻO ke ʻano hoʻāʻo: He kaʻina hana i wehewehe ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana, ana, a me ka loiloi ʻana i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā waiwai, nā hiʻohiʻona, a i ʻole nā waiwai o kahi mea, huahana, ʻōnaehana, a i ʻole lawelawe e hoʻopuka i nā hopena hōʻike. . 2. Hōʻike maʻamau: ʻO kahi wehewehe kikoʻī o kahi mea, huahana, ʻōnaehana, a i ʻole lawelawe e hālāwai ana i kahi mau koi, me nā kaʻina hana no ka hoʻoholo ʻana pehea e hoʻokō ʻia ai kēlā me kēia koi. 3. Ke Kaʻina Hana Maʻamau: He kaʻina hana i wehewehe ʻia no ka hana ʻana i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā hana kikoʻī a i ʻole nā hana i loaʻa ʻole nā hopena hoʻokolohua. 4. Kūlana Kūlana: He palapala i loaʻa nā huaʻōlelo, wehewehe huaʻōlelo, wehewehe huaʻōlelo, wehewehe hōʻailona, pōkole, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. 6. Hoʻohālikelike maʻamau: Nā hui pūʻulu, nā huahana, nā ʻōnaehana a i ʻole nā ʻōnaehana lawelawe e like me nā ʻano like.
Hoʻolauna i nā palapala hōʻoia pāʻani maʻamau:
REACH：He manaʻo hoʻoponopono e pili ana i ka hana ʻana, kālepa a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kemika. Pono ka REACH Directive i nā kemika a pau i lawe ʻia mai a hana ʻia ma ʻEulopa e pono e hele i kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā kaʻina hana e like me ka hoʻopaʻa inoa, loiloi, ʻae ʻia a me ka palena ʻana, i mea e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka ʻike maʻalahi i nā ʻāpana o nā kemika e hōʻoia i ka palekana o ke kaiapuni a me ke kanaka.
EN62115：Kūlana no nā mea pāʻani uila.
GS palapala hōʻoia:pono ka palapala hōʻoia no ka lawe ʻana aku i Kelemānia. ʻO ka palapala hōʻoia GS kahi hōʻoia manawaleʻa e pili ana i ka German Product Safety Law (GPGS) a hoʻāʻo ʻia e like me ka EU unified standard EN a i ʻole ka German industrial standard DIN. He hōʻailona hōʻoia palekana Kelemania i ʻike ʻia ma ka mākeke ʻEulopa.
CPSIA: Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka Security Improvement Act e Pelekikena Bush i ka lā 14 o ʻAukake, 2008. ʻO ke kānāwai ʻo ia ka bila palekana o nā mea kūʻai aku ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī mai ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) ma 1972. Ma waho aʻe o nā koi koʻikoʻi no ka ʻike alakaʻi i nā huahana keiki , ua hana pū ka bila hou i nā hoʻoponopono hou e pili ana i ka ʻike o ka phthalates, kahi mea ʻino i nā mea pāʻani a me nā huahana mālama keiki. Toy Safety Standard ST: I ka makahiki 1971, ua hoʻokumu ka Japan Toy Association (JTA) i ka Japan Safety Toy Mark (ST Mark) e hōʻoia i ka palekana o nā mea pāʻani o nā keiki ma lalo o ka makahiki 14. Aia i loko oʻekolu mau'āpana: nā mea mechanical a me ke kino, hiki ke puhi. palekana a me nā waiwai kemika.
AS/NZS ISO8124:ʻO ISO8124-1 kahi kūlana palekana pāʻani honua. ISO8124 aia ʻekolu ʻāpana. ʻO ISO8124-1 ka koi no "nā waiwai kino mechanical" i kēia maʻamau. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia maʻamau ma ʻApelila 1, 2000. ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻelua ʻelua: ISO 8124-2 "Flammability Properties" a me ISO 8124-3 "Transfer of Certain Elements".
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-13-2022