I mea e hoʻomalu maikaʻi ai i ka maikaʻi o nā mea kākau, ua hoʻomaka nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina a puni ka honua e hoʻokumu i nā lula a me nā kūlana. He aha nā ho'āʻo e pono ai nā mea kākau a me nā lako keʻena o nā haumāna ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻia ʻana ma ka hale hana a hoʻolaha ʻia ma ka mākeke?
Laulā Huahana
Nā lako papapihi: ʻoki, stapler, hole punch, ʻoki pepa, paʻa lipine, paʻa peni, mīkini paʻa, etc.
Nā lako pena: pena, penikala, ʻaila pastel a me nā mea pena kiʻi ʻē aʻe, nā panana puna, nā holoi ʻia, nā lula, nā ʻoi penikala, nā pulupulu.
Nā lako kākau: nā peni (nā peni wai, nā peni pōpō, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).
Nā ʻāpana: nā waihona waihona, nā ʻāpana paʻa, nā huahana pepa, nā kalena pākaukau, nā puke puke, nā envelopes, nā mea paʻa kāleka, nā notepads, etc.
Hoao Hana
hoao peni
ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka dimensional, ka hana a me ka hoʻāʻo ola, ka maikaʻi o ke kākau ʻana, ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kaiapuni kūikawā, ka hoʻāʻo palekana o ka pahu peni a me ka pāpale peni
hoao pepa
ʻO ke kaumaha, ka mānoanoa, ka maʻalahi, ka ea permeability, roughness, whiteness, tensile strength, waimaka ikaika, PH ana, etc.
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo paʻa
ʻO ka viscosity, ke anuanu a me ka wela, ka maʻiʻo paʻa, ka ikaika peel (90 degere peeling a me 180 degere peeling), ke ana waiwai pH, etc.
ʻO nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e like me nā stapler a me nā kuʻi
ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki ke hana ʻia kekahi hōʻoia o ka nui a me ka hana, a me ka paʻakikī, ka hiki ke anti-rust, a me ka hopena o ka hopena o nā ʻāpana metala.
hoʻāʻo kemika
ʻIke metala kaumaha a me ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana; nā mea ʻokoʻa azo; plasticizers; LHAMA, nā mea ʻawaʻawa, phthalates, REACH, etc.
Ho'āʻo palekana
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao ʻoi, ka hoʻāʻo ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, ka hoʻāʻo puhi ahi, etc.
Nā kūlana hoʻokolohua pili
nā kūlana honua
ISO 14145-1: 2017 Māhele 1 ʻO nā peni pōpō ʻōwili a hoʻopiha hou no ka hoʻohana maʻamau
ISO 14145-2: 1998 Māhele 1 ʻO nā peni pōpō ʻōwili a hoʻopiha hou ʻia no nā kumu kākau kūhelu.
ISO 12757-1: 2017 Nā peni ballpoint a me ka hoʻopiha hou ʻana no ka hoʻohana maʻamau
ISO 12757-2: 1998 Māhele 2 Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā palapala i nā peni pōpō a me nā hoʻopiha hou.
ISO 11540: 2014 Nā koi palekana no nā peni peni a me nā pāpale marker no nā keiki ma lalo o 14 mau makahiki (inclusive)
Kūlana ʻOihana Māmā Kina
GB 21027 Nā koi palekana maʻamau no nā mea kākau haumāna
GB 8771 Ka palena kiʻekiʻe o nā mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma nā ʻāpana penikala
GB 28231 Pono palekana a me ke olakino no nā papa kākau
GB/T 22767 ʻOi penikala lima
GB/T 26698 Nā penikala a me nā peni kūikawā no ke kaha kiʻi kāleka
GB/T 26699 Ballpoint peni no ka nānā ʻana
GB/T 26704 Penikala
GB/T 26714 Nā peni pōpō inika a me nā hoʻopiha hou
GB/T 32017 Nā peni pōpō inika wai a me nā hoʻopiha hou
GB/T 12654 Pepa kākau
GB/T 22828 calligraphy a me ka pepa pena
GB/T 22830 Pepa kala wai
GB/T 22833 Pepa kaha
QB/T 1023 Penikala Mechanical
QB/T 1148 Pin
QB/T 1149 paʻi pepa
QB/T 1150 pae hoʻokahi pine pana
QB/T 1151 stapler
QB/T 1204 pepa kalapona
QB/T 1300 stapler
QB/T 1355 Pigments
QB/T 1336 Peniani
QB/T 1337 mea hoʻokala penikala
QB/T 1437 Buke Haawina
QB/T 1474 Luina hoʻopololei, hoʻonoho ʻia i ka huinahā, unahi, T-pālike, protractor, kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi.
QB/T 1587 Ka pahu penikala
QB/T 1655 peni inika wai
QB/T 1749 palaki
QB/T 1750 Pākē kiʻi puaʻa
QB/T 1946 peni pōpō peni
QB/T 1961 Pili
QB/T 2227 Pahu pahu mea metala
QB/T 2229 panana haumāna
QB/T 2293 palaki
QB/T 2309 Holoi
QB/T 2586 aila pastel
QB/T 2655 wai hoʻoponopono
QB/T 2771 waihona
QB/T 2772 pahu penikala
QB/T 2777 peni hoailona
QB/T 2778 peni kiʻekiʻe
ʻeke kula QB/T 2858 (ʻeke kula)
QB/T 2859 Nā māka no nā papa keʻokeʻo
QB/T 2860 inika
QB/T 2914 kiʻi canvas
QB/T 2915 easel
QB/T 2960 pālolo kala
QB/T 2961 pahi pono
QB/T 4154 lipine hoʻoponopono
QB/T 4512 pahu hoʻokele waihona
QB/T 4729 metala bookends
QB/T 4730 nā ʻoki palapala
QB/T 4846 ʻOi penikala uila
QB/3515 pepa laiki
QB/T 4104 mīkini kuʻi
QB/T 4435 nā penikala kala ʻole i ka wai
USA
ASTM D-4236 LHAMA US Nā Kūlana Lepili Mea Kiʻi Pilikino
ʻO ka maikaʻi mālama mālama USP51
USP61 Microbial palena hoao
16.
16 CFR 1500.14 Nā mea ʻino i nā huahana e koi ana i ka lepili kūikawā ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa
UK
BS 7272-1: 2008 & BS 7272-2: 2008+A1: 2014 - Paʻa palekana no ka pale ʻana i ka ʻūhā o nā pāpale peni a me nā plugs
Nā penikala Pelekania a me nā mea hana kiʻi kiʻi 1998 SI 2406 - Nā mea ʻawaʻawa i nā mea kākau.
Iapana
JIS S 6023 Keʻena paʻi
JIS S 6037 peni hoailona
JIS S 6061 Gel ballpoint peni a hoʻopiha hou
ʻO JIS S 6060 Nā koi palekana no nā pāpale o nā peni kākau a me nā māka no nā keiki ma lalo o 14 mau makahiki (e komo pū)
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-01-2024