Hoʻolālā no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mākeke kālepa haole Vietnam.
1. He aha nā huahana i maʻalahi e lawe aku i Vietnam
Ua ulu nui ke kālepa o Vietnam me nā ʻāina e pili ana, a ua pili kona pilina pili waiwai me Kina, South Korea, Iapana, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Thailand a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, a ke piʻi aʻe nei ka nui o ka lawe ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Wahi a ka ʻikepili i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka General Statistics Office o Vietnam, mai Ianuali a Iulai 2019, ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o Vietnam he US $ 145.13 biliona, hoʻonui i ka makahiki o 7.5%; he $143.34 biliona nā mea i lawe ʻia mai, he 8.3% ka piʻi ʻana o ka makahiki ma ka makahiki. He 288.47 biliona kālā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ka huina waiwai o nā mea i lawe ʻia mai a me nā hoʻokuʻu aku no nā mahina 7. Mai Ianuali a Iulai 2019, ʻo ʻAmelika ka mākeke kūʻai nui loa o Vietnam, me ka huina o 32.5 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, kahi hoʻonui makahiki o 25.4%; ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana aku o Vietnam i ka EU he 24.32 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, kahi piʻi o 0.4% i kēlā me kēia makahiki; ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o Vietnam i Kina he 20 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka makahiki he 0.1%. ʻO koʻu ʻāina ke kumu waiwai nui loa o Vietnam. Mai Ianuali a Iulai, ua lawe mai ʻo Vietnam i ka US $ 42 biliona mai Kina, kahi piʻi o ka makahiki he 16.9%. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o South Korea i Vietnam he US $ 26.6 biliona, ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka makahiki he 0.8%; ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ASEAN i Vietnam he US $ 18.8 biliona, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka makahiki ma ka makahiki he 5.2%. ʻO nā mea lawe mai o Vietnam ka mea nui i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: nā waiwai waiwai (e helu ana i ka 30% o nā mea lawe mai), nā huahana waena (helu kālā no 60%) a me nā mea kūʻai aku ( ka helu no 10%). ʻO Kina ka mea hoʻolako nui loa o ke kapikala a me nā huahana waena i Vietnam. ʻO ka hoʻokūkū nāwaliwali o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana kūloko o Vietnam ua koi aku i nā hui pilikino he nui a me nā ʻoihana mokuʻāina ʻo Vietnam e lawe mai i nā mīkini a me nā lako mai Kina. Hoʻokomo nui ʻo Vietnam i nā mīkini, nā lako lako, nā ʻāpana uila kamepiula, nā lole lole, nā mea maka no nā kāmaʻa ʻili, kelepona a me nā ʻāpana uila, a me nā kaʻa lawe mai Kina. Ma waho aʻe o Kina, Iapana a me South Korea nā kumu nui ʻelua o ka lawe ʻana mai o Vietnam i nā mīkini, nā lako, nā mea hana a me nā lako.
2. Nā kuhikuhi no ka lawe ʻana aku i Vietnam
01 Palapala no ke kumu Inā noi ʻia e nā mea kūʻai mai Vietnamese, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka palapala kumu kumu CO a i ʻole China-ASEAN palapala kumu FORM E, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka FORM E ma nā ʻāina kikoʻī o Kina-ASEAN kālepa manuahi, e like me ka lawe ʻana aku i Brunei. , Cambodia, Indonesia , Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, a me Vietnam Hiki i nā ʻāina he 10 ke hauʻoli i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kumukūʻai koho inā noi lākou no ka palapala kumu FORM E. Hiki ke hoʻopuka ʻia kēia ʻano palapala kumu e ka Commodity Inspection ʻO ka Bureau a i ʻole ka ʻaha Kina no ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka International Trade, akā pono e waiho mua ʻia; inā ʻaʻohe moʻolelo, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i kahi ʻelele e hoʻopuka iā ia, e hāʻawi wale i ka papa inoa packing a me ka invoice, a e hoʻopuka ʻia ka palapala hōʻoia ma kahi o hoʻokahi lā hana.
Eia kekahi, pono ʻoe e hoʻolohe i ka hana ʻana i ka FORM E i kēia manawa, e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā koi. Inā ʻoe e ʻimi nei i ʻelele, a laila pono ke poʻomanaʻo like nā palapala hoʻomaʻemaʻe dute (bill of lading, contract, FE). Inā ʻo ka mea kūʻai aku ka mea hana, e hōʻike ana ka wehewehe ukana i ka huaʻōlelo MANUFACTURE, a laila hoʻohui i ke poʻo a me ka helu o ka mea hoʻopuka. Inā he hui waho, a laila, hōʻike ʻia ka hui o waho ma lalo o ka wehewehe ʻana ma ka kolamu ʻehiku, a laila ua kiʻi ʻia ka pepa helu 13 o ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu, a ua hāʻawi ka hui ʻāina ʻo Kina i kahi agena e hoʻopuka i ka palapala, a ʻaʻole hiki i ka helu 13. e kaha. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke koho ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku Vietnamese me nā mana hoʻomaʻemaʻe kuʻuna ikaika e pale aku i nā pilikia pono ʻole.
02 Ke ala uku ʻO ke ʻano uku i hoʻohana mau ʻia e nā mea kūʻai aku Vietnamese ʻo T/T a i ʻole L/C. Inā he OEM, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i kahi hui o T / T a me L / C, ʻoi aku ka palekana.
E hoʻolohe i ka T / T: ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, uku ʻia ʻo 30% ma mua, a uku ʻia ʻo 70% ma mua o ka hoʻouka ʻana, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku i ke kūʻē. I ka hana ʻana i ka L / C, pono ʻoe e hoʻolohe: He pōkole ka manawa hoʻouna o Vietnam, a he pōkole ka manawa hoʻopuka o L / C, no laila pono ʻoe e hoʻomalu i ka manawa hoʻouna; kekahi Vietnamese nā mea kūʻai aku e hana artificial i ka like ole i ka palapala o ka aie, no laila e pono e hahai pono i ka palapala o ka aie. Mai nīnau i ka mea kūʻai aku pehea e hoʻololi ai, e hahai wale i ka hoʻololi.
03 ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe dute
I ʻAukake 2017, ʻo ke kolu o ka helu ʻekolu o ka Paukū 25 o ke Kauoha No. ʻO ke ʻano kēia: ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia ka wehewehe ʻana i nā huahana maikaʻi ʻole a me ka hoʻouna ʻole ʻia e nā kuʻuna kūloko. No laila, pono e hāʻawi ʻia kahi wehewehe piha o nā waiwai ma ka invoice, me ka brand, ka inoa huahana, ke kumu hoʻohālike, ka waiwai, ka nui, ka waiwai, ke kumu kūʻai a me nā ʻike ʻē aʻe. Pono ka mea kūʻai e hōʻoia i ka paona ma ka waybill e kūlike me ke kaumaha i haʻi ʻia e ka mea kūʻai aku i ka dute. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kaumaha i wānana ʻia (ka mea kūʻai mai i kumu) a me ke kaumaha paona maoli e hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka ʻae ʻana i nā dute. Pono nā mea kūʻai e hōʻoia i ka pololei o nā ʻike āpau ma ka waybill, me ke kaumaha.
04 ʻōlelo
ʻO ka ʻōlelo kūhelu o Vietnam he Vietnamese. Eia kekahi, kaulana loa ka Farani. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka ʻōlelo Pelekane i nā poʻe ʻoihana Vietnamese.
05 Networks Inā makemake ʻoe e hana i ka ʻoihana ma Vietnam, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui i ka hoʻopukapuka naʻau me kāu mau hoa, ʻo ia hoʻi, e loaʻa i nā pilina hou aku me nā mea hoʻoholo e kūkulu i nā pilina a me nā pilina dredge. ʻO nāʻoihanaʻoihana ma Vietnam e kau nui i ka manaʻo nui i nā pilina pilikino. No ka Vietnamese, ʻo ka "hoʻokahi o kā mākou" a i ʻole i manaʻo ʻia ʻo "kekahi o kā mākou ponoʻī" loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi piha, a hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia ke kī i ka holomua a i ʻole ka hāʻule ʻole. ʻAʻole kūʻai ʻia he miliona a kaulana paha ke lilo i mea ponoʻī o Vietnam. E kamaʻilio mua e pili ana i nā manaʻo. Hauʻoli ʻo Vietnamese e hālāwai me nā poʻe hou, akā ʻaʻole e hana ʻoihana me nā malihini. I ka hanaʻana i kaʻoihana ma Vietnam, he mea nui ka pilina pili kanaka, a he mea paʻakikī ke neʻe i mua me kaʻole o lākou. ʻAʻole hana maʻamau ka Vietnamese me ka poʻe a lākou i ʻike ʻole ai. Hana mau lākou me nā kānaka like. I loko o kahi pōʻai pāʻoihana haiki, ʻike nā mea a pau i kekahi i kekahi, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he pili pili koko a male male paha. Manaʻo nui ka poʻe Vietnamese i ka etiquette. Inā he keʻena aupuni, he hoa, a he mea hoʻolaha paha i loaʻa kahi pilina koʻikoʻi me kāu hui, pono ʻoe e mālama iā lākou ma ke ʻano he hoaaloha, a pono ʻoe e neʻe i kēlā me kēia ʻahaʻaina.
06 Ua lohi ka hoʻoholo ʻana
Ua hahai ʻo Vietnam i ke ʻano kuʻuna ʻĀsia o ka hoʻoholo ʻana hui. Manaʻo ka poʻe pāʻoihana Vietnamese i ka lokahi pūʻulu, a ʻaʻole naʻaupō ka poʻe haole i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma waena o nā hoa Vietnamese, a ʻike pinepine ʻia kā lākou ʻike kūloko i nā poʻe o waho. Ma Vietnam, hoʻoikaika ka ʻōnaehana hui holoʻokoʻa i ka kūlike. Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona moʻomeheu, hahai ʻo Vietnam i ke ʻano hoʻoholo hoʻoholo koʻikoʻi kuʻuna o ʻAsia. Manaʻo ka poʻe pāʻoihana Vietnamese i ka lokahi pūʻulu, a ʻaʻole naʻaupō ka poʻe haole i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma waena o nā hoa Vietnamese, a ʻike pinepine ʻia kā lākou ʻike kūloko i nā poʻe o waho. Ma Vietnam, hoʻoikaika ka ʻōnaehana hui holoʻokoʻa i ka kūlike.
07 Mai hoʻolohe i ka papahana, e hana wikiwiki
ʻOiai makemake nā poʻe Komohana he nui e hana i kahi hoʻolālā a hana ma luna o ia mea, makemake ka Vietnamese e ʻae i ke ʻano e hele a ʻike i ka mea e hiki mai ana. Mahalo lākou i ke ʻano maikaʻi o ke Komohana, akā ʻaʻohe o lākou manaʻo e hoʻohālike iā lākou. ʻO nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe e hana ana i ka ʻoihana ma Vietnam, e hoʻomanaʻo e mālama i kahi ʻano hoʻomaha a me ke ahonui. Manaʻo ka poʻe ʻoihana ʻike inā hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka 75% o ka huakaʻi i Vietnam e like me ka mea i hoʻolālā ʻia, e manaʻo ʻia he kūleʻa.
08 Dute
Makemake nui ka poʻe Vietnamese i ka ʻulaʻula, a manaʻo lākou i ka ʻulaʻula he kala maikaʻi a hauʻoli. Nui koʻu makemake i nā ʻīlio a manaʻo wau he kūpaʻa, hilinaʻi a wiwo ʻole nā ʻīlio. Makemake au i ka pua peach, manaʻo wau he ʻālohilohi a nani ka pua peach, a he pua maikaʻi nō hoʻi, a kapa ʻia lākou he pua ʻāina.
ʻAʻole lākou e paʻi ʻia ma ko lākou mau poʻohiwi a i ʻole e ʻuā ʻana iā lākou me ko lākou manamana lima, i manaʻo ʻia he pono ʻole;
3. Nā pōmaikaʻi a me ka hiki ke hoʻomohala
He kūlana kūlohelohe maikaʻi ʻo Vietnam, me kahi kahakai ʻoi aku ma mua o 3,200 mau kilomita (ʻelua wale nō i Indonesia a me ka Philippines ma Asia Hikina Hema), ka muliwai ʻulaʻula (i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Yunnan) delta ma ka ʻākau, a me ka muliwai Mekong (i puka mai ma ka ʻāina ʻo Qinghai. ) delta ma ka hema. Ua hōʻea ʻo ia i 7 mau wahi hoʻoilina honua (i helu mua ʻia ma Asia Hikina Hema). Aia ʻo Vietnam i kēia manawa i ka pae maikaʻi loa o ka mōʻaukala o ka "hui kanaka gula". ʻO 70% o Vietnamese aia ma lalo o 35 mau makahiki, e hāʻawi ana i ka palekana hana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai o Vietnam, a ma ka manawa like, ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka poʻe ʻelemakule i kēia manawa, e hōʻemi ana hoʻi ia i ke kaumaha o ka ulu ʻana o ka nohona o Vietnam. Eia kekahi, he haʻahaʻa loa ka pae urbanization o Vietnam, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā koi uku o ka poʻe hana he haʻahaʻa loa (400 US kālā hiki ke hoʻolimalima i kahi limahana akamai kiʻekiʻe), i kūpono loa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana hana. E like me Kina, hoʻokō ʻo Vietnam i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele waiwai socialist. Loaʻa iā ia kahi mīkini hoʻokele waiwai paʻa a ikaika e hiki ke hoʻoikaika i kāna mau hana i nā hana nui. Aia nā hui lāhui 54 ma Vietnam, akā hiki i nā lāhui āpau ke noho i ka lokahi. Loaʻa i ka poʻe Vietnamese ke kūʻokoʻa o ka hoʻomana hoʻomana, a ʻaʻohe kaua hoʻomana ma ka Hikina Waena. Ua hoʻomaka pū ka Communist Party o Vietnam i nā hoʻoponopono politika e hiki ai i nā ʻāpana like ʻole ke komo i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa politika a me ka hoʻokele waiwai. Hoʻokomo ikaika ke aupuni Vietnamese i ka mākeke honua. Ua hui pū ʻia me ka Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) ma 1995 a me ka World Trade Organization (WTO) ma 2006. Ua mālama ʻia ka 2017 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) ma Da Nang, Vietnam. Manaʻo lōkahi ka poʻe Komohana e pili ana i nā manaʻo hoʻomohala o Vietnam. Ua ʻōlelo ka World Bank "ʻo Vietnam kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka hoʻomohala kūleʻa", a ʻōlelo ʻo "The Economist" magazine "e lilo ʻo Vietnam i kahi tiger Asia hou". Ua wānana ka Peterson Institute for International Economics e piʻi ka ulu waiwai o Vietnam ma kahi o 10% e 2025. No ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i hoʻokahi huaʻōlelo: ʻO Vietnam i kēia lā ʻo Kina ma mua o ʻumi makahiki i hala. Aia nā ala āpau o ke ola i ke kahua o ka pahū, a ʻo ia ka mākeke hoihoi loa ma Asia.
4. ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o "Made in Vietnam
Ma hope o ko Vietnam komo ʻana i RCEP, me ke kōkua ʻana mai o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Iapana a me nā ʻāina hoʻomohala ʻē aʻe, nui nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia Hikina Hema e "poaching" i ka hana ʻana o Kina ma o nā kumu like ʻole e like me ke kālepa, ka ʻauhau a me nā hoʻoikaika ʻāina. I kēia lā, ʻaʻole wale nā hui Iapana i hoʻonui i kā lākou hoʻopukapuka ma Vietnam, akā nui nā hui Kina e neʻe nei i kā lākou hana hana i Vietnam. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui loa o Vietnam aia i kāna mau limahana hana haʻahaʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka heluna kanaka o Vietnam. ʻO ka poʻe ʻelemakule ma luna o 65 mau makahiki he 6% wale nō o ka nui o ka heluna kanaka, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa ma Kina a me South Korea he 10% a me 13%. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka ʻoihana hana ʻo Vietnam ka mea nui i kēia manawa i nā ʻoihana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e like me nā textiles, nā lole, nā lako a me nā huahana uila. Eia naʻe, hiki ke loli kēia kūlana i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā ʻoihana nui, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā pae hoʻomaʻamaʻa, a hoʻololi i nā hoʻolālā noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa hana ka pilikia o ka ʻoihana hana ʻo Vietnam. Pehea e hana ai i ka pilina o nā limahana hana he pilikia ia e pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia i ke kaʻina o ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻoihana hana o Vietnam.
5. E hāʻawi mua ʻo Vietnam i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana e hiki mai ana
1. ʻO ka mīkini a me ka ʻoihana metallurgical Ma ka 2025, hāʻawi i ka mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mīkini a me nā mea hana no ka hana ʻoihana, nā kaʻa a me nā ʻāpana, a me ke kila; ma hope o 2025, e hāʻawi i ka mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana moku, nā metala non-ferrous, a me nā mea hou.
2. Ma ka oihana kemika, ma ka makahiki 2025, e haawi mua i ka hooulu ana i ka oihana kemika kumu, ka aila a me ka oihana kemika, ka plastic a me ka oihana kemika; ma hope o 2025, e hāʻawi mua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana kemika lāʻau.
3. ʻO ka mahiʻai, ka ululāʻau a me ka ʻoihana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā huahana wai Ma ka makahiki 2025, e hāʻawi ʻia ka mea nui i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lākiō hana o nā huahana mahiʻai nui, nā huahana wai a me nā huahana lāʻau e like me ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai. Hoʻopili i nā kūlana honua i ka hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana e kūkulu i ka hōʻailona a me ka hoʻokūkū o nā huahana mahiʻai Vietnamese.
4. ʻOihana lole lole a me nā kāmaʻa Ma ka makahiki 2025, e hāʻawi i ka mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka textile a me nā kāmaʻa maka no ka hana ʻana i ka home a me ka lawe ʻana aku; ma hope o 2025, e hāʻawi i ka mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lole kiʻekiʻe a me nā kāmaʻa.
5. Ma ka ʻoihana kamaʻilio uila, e 2025, hāʻawi i ka mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kamepiula, kelepona a me nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa; ma hope o 2025, e hāʻawi i ka mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lako polokalamu, nā lawelawe kikohoʻe, nā lawelawe ʻenehana kamaʻilio a me nā uila uila. 6. Ka ikehu hou a me ka ikehu hou Ma ka makahiki 2025, e hooulu ikaika i ka ikehu hou a me ka ikehu hou, e like me ka ikehu makani, ka ikehu o ka la, a me ka mana biomass; ma hope o 2025, hoʻomohala ikaika i ka ikehu nuklea, ka ikehu geothermal, a me ka ikehu kai.
6. Nā hoʻoponopono hou e pili ana i nā kūlana "Made in Vietnam" (origin).
I ʻAukake 2019, ua hoʻopuka ka Ministry of Industry and Trade o Vietnam i nā kūlana hou no "Made in Vietnam" (kumu kumu). Hana ʻia ma Vietnam hiki ke: nā huahana mahiʻai a me nā kumu waiwai mai Vietnam; ʻO nā huahana i hoʻopau hope ʻia ma Vietnam pono e komo ma ka liʻiliʻi o 30% o ka waiwai hoʻohui kūloko o Vietnam e like me ke kūlana HS code maʻamau. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, pono e hoʻohui ʻo 100% mau mea maka i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻāina ʻē i 30% i hoʻohui ʻia ma Vietnam ma mua o ka hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia me ka lepili Made in Vietnam.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-10-2023