Inā makemake kahi huahana e komo i ka mākeke pahuhopu a hauʻoli i ka hoʻokūkū, ʻo kekahi o nā kī inā hiki iā ia ke kiʻi i ka hōʻailona hōʻoia o kahi kino hōʻoia mana honua. Eia naʻe, ʻokoʻa nā palapala hōʻoia a me nā kūlana i koi ʻia e nā mākeke like ʻole a me nā ʻano huahana like ʻole. He paʻakikī ke ʻike i nā palapala hōʻoia a pau i ka manawa pōkole. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka mea hoʻoponopono i nā palapala hōʻoia he 13 i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no kā mākou mau hoaaloha. E aʻo pū kāua.
1、CE
ʻO CE (Conformite Europeenne) ke kū nei no ka European Unity. ʻO ka māka CE he hōʻailona hōʻoia palekana a manaʻo ʻia he passport no nā mea hana e wehe a komo i ka mākeke ʻEulopa. Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia nā huahana āpau me ka hōʻailona CE ma nā mokuʻāina ʻEulopa me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi o kēlā me kēia lālā lālā, no laila e ʻike ai i ka holo manuahi o nā waiwai i loko o nā mokuʻāina o EU.
I ka mākeke EU, ʻo ka hōʻailona CE he palapala koi. Inā he huahana ia i hana ʻia e kahi ʻoihana i loko o ka EU a i ʻole nā huahana mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, inā e hoʻolaha manuahi ʻia i ka mākeke EU, pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka māka CE e hōʻike i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka huahana me ka EU "Technical Harmonization" . Nā koi kumu o ka New Approach to Standardization Directive. He koi koi kēia no nā huahana ma lalo o ke kānāwai EU.
Pono e hōʻailona ʻia nā huahana aʻe:
• Nā huahana uila
• Nā huahana mīkini
• Nā mea pāʻani
• ʻO nā lako hoʻokele lekiō a me ke kelepona
• ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe a me ka hau hau
• Nā lako pale pilikino
• Moku kaomi maʻalahi
• Pahu wai wela
• ʻO nā mea hana paʻi
• Waapa lealea
• Nā huahana kūkulu
• Nā mea lapaʻau diagnostic in vitro
• nā mea lapaʻau i hoʻokomo ʻia
• Nā lako uila lapaʻau
• nā mea hana hāpai
• Nā lako kinoea
• ʻO nā mea paona ʻakomi ʻole
Nānā: ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka mākaʻikaʻi CE ma USA, Kanada, Iapana, Singapore, Korea, etc.
2, ʻo RoHS
ʻO ka inoa piha o RoHS ʻo ia ka palena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau mea pōʻino i ka Electronical and Electronic Equipment, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka Directive on the Restriction of the Use of Hazardous Substances in Electronic and Electrical Equipment, i kapa ʻia ʻo 2002/95/ Kuhikuhi EC. I ka makahiki 2005, ua hoʻonui ka EU i ka 2002/95/EC ma ke ʻano o ka Resolution 2005/618/EC, ka mea i kuhikuhi maopopo i ke alakaʻi (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), polybrominated ʻO nā palena kiʻekiʻe loa no ʻeono mau mea pōʻino, diphenyl ether (PBDE) a me polybrominated biphenyls (PBB).
Manaʻo ʻo RoHS i nā huahana uila a me nā mea uila i loaʻa i nā mea pōʻino ʻeono ma luna o nā mea maka a me nā kaʻina hana, ʻo ia hoʻi: nā mea keʻokeʻo (e like me nā pahu hau, nā mīkini holoi, nā umu microwave, nā ea, nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, nā mea hoʻomehana wai, etc. ), nā mea hana hale ʻeleʻele (e like me nā huahana leo a me nā wikiō), DVD, CD, nā mea hoʻokipa TV, nā huahana IT, nā huahana kikohoʻe, nā huahana kamaʻilio, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), nā mea hana mana, nā mea pāʻani uila uila a me nā lako uila. etc.
3、UL
He pōkole ka UL no Underwriter Laboratories Inc. ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania. ʻO ka UL Safety Laboratory ka mea mana loa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a ʻo ka hui nui ʻole o ke aupuni e hana nei i ka hoʻāʻo palekana a me ka ʻike ʻana ma ka honua.
Hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā ʻano hoʻokolohua ʻepekema e aʻo a hoʻoholo inā he mea pōʻino nā mea like ʻole, nā mea hana, nā huahana, nā hale, nā hale, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke ola a me ka waiwai a me ke ʻano o ka pōʻino; e hoʻoholo, kākau, a hoʻopuka i nā kūlana kūpono a kōkua i ka hōʻemi a pale ʻana i nā ʻeha weliweli i ke ola. ʻIke e pili ana i ka pōʻino waiwai, a hana i ka ʻoihana ʻimi ʻoiaʻiʻo.
I ka pōkole, hana nui ia i ka hōʻoia palekana huahana a me ka hana ʻana i ka ʻoihana hōʻoia palekana, a ʻo kāna pahuhopu hope loa ka loaʻa ʻana o nā huahana me kahi pae palekana no ka mākeke, a kōkua i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke olakino pilikino a me ka palekana waiwai. Ma kahi o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka palekana o ka huahana he ala kūpono ia e hoʻopau ai i nā pale ʻenehana i ke kālepa honua, hana ikaika ʻo UL i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke kālepa honua.
4、CCC
ʻO ka inoa piha o CCC ʻo China Compulsory Certification, ʻo ia ka manaʻo o WTO a Kina a hōʻike i ke kumu o ka mālama ʻāina. Hoʻohana ka ʻāina i ka palapala hōʻoia huahana koi no nā huahana 149 i 22 mau ʻāpana. ʻO ka inoa o ka hōʻailona hōʻailona koi aupuni hou ʻo "China Compulsory Certification". Ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻia ʻana o ka China Compulsory Certification Mark, e hoʻololi mālie ia i ka hōʻailona "Great Wall" mua a me ka māka "CCIB".
5、GS
ʻO ka inoa piha o GS ʻo Geprufte Sicherheit (hōʻoia palekana), kahi hōʻailona hōʻoia palekana i hoʻopuka ʻia e TÜV, VDE a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe i ʻae ʻia e ka German Ministry of Labor. ʻO ka māka GS kahi hōʻailona palekana i ʻae ʻia e nā mea kūʻai aku ma ʻEulopa. ʻO ka maʻamau, kūʻai aku nā huahana i hōʻoia ʻia ma ke kumu kūʻai ʻoi aku ka nui a kaulana loa.
He koi koʻikoʻi ka palapala hōʻoia GS ma ka ʻōnaehana hōʻoia maikaʻi o ka hale hana, a pono e nānā ʻia ka hale hana i kēlā me kēia makahiki:
• Pono ka hale hana e hoʻokumu i kāna pūnaewele hōʻoia maikaʻi e like me ka ISO9000 system standard i ka wā e hoʻouna ai i ka nui. Pono ka hale hana i ka liʻiliʻi loa i kāna ʻōnaehana mana maikaʻi, nā moʻolelo maikaʻi a me nā palapala ʻē aʻe a me ka lawa o ka hana a me ka nānā ʻana;
• Ma mua o ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka palapala GS, pono e nānā ʻia ka hale hana hou a hoʻopuka ʻia ka palapala GS ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka nānā;
• Ma hope o ka hoʻopukaʻiaʻana o ka palapala hōʻoia, e nānāʻia ka hale hana ma kahi o hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki. No ka nui o nā hōʻailona TUV e pili ana i ka hale hana, pono ka nānā ʻana i ka hale hana i 1 manawa.
ʻO nā huahana e pono ai ke noi no ka palapala hōʻoia GS:
• Nā mea hana hale e like me nā pahu hau, nā mīkini holoi, nā mea kīhini, a pēlā aku;
• Nā mīkini hale;
• Nā mea haʻuki;
• Nā lako uila o ka hale e like me nā lako leo-kiʻi;
• ʻO nā lako keʻena uila a me ka uila e like me nā kope kope, nā mīkini fax, shredders, computers, printers, etc.;
• Nā mīkini hana hana, nā mea hana hoʻokolohua;
• Nā huahana e pili ana i ka palekana e like me nā paikikala, nā mahiole, nā alapiʻi, nā lako, a pēlā aku.
6, PSE
PSE (Product Safety of Electrical Appliance & Materials) palapala hōʻoia (i kapa ʻia ʻo “suitability inspection” ma Iapana) he ʻōnaehana pono e komo i ka mākeke no nā lako uila ma Iapana, a he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ia o ke Kānāwai Uila a me nā Pono Palekana o Iapana. . I kēia manawa, hoʻokaʻawale ke aupuni Kepani i nā mea uila i "nā mea uila kiko'ī" a me nā "mea uila ponoʻole" e like me ke kānāwai "Electrical Appliances Safety Law" o Iapana, nona nā "mea uila kūikawā" he 115 huahana; "Nā mea uila non-specific" Loaʻa nā huahana 338.
Aia ka PSE i nā koi no ka EMC a me ka palekana. ʻO nā huahana a pau e pili ana i ka "Specific Electrical Appliances and Materials" catalog e komo ana i ka mākeke Iapana pono e hōʻoia ʻia e kahi hui hōʻoia ʻekolu ʻaoʻao i ʻae ʻia e ka Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry o Iapana, loaʻa kahi palapala hōʻoia, a loaʻa iā ia kahi daimana- hoailona PSE ma ka lepili.
ʻO CQC wale nō ka hui hōʻoia ma Kina i noi no ka ʻae ʻana i ka palapala PSE Iapana. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā ʻāpana huahana o ka hōʻoia huahana PSE Iapana i loaʻa e CQC he ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: uea a me ke kaula (me 20 mau ʻano huahana), nā mea uila (nā lako uila, nā mea uila, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, me 38 mau ʻano huahana), uila. nā mīkini noi mana a me nā mea hana (nā mea hana hale, me nā huahana 12), etc.
7、FCC
FCC (Federal Communications Commission), ka Federal Communications Commission o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, hoʻonohonoho i nā kamaʻilio kūloko a me ka honua ma o ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā hoʻolaha lekiō, televise, telecommunications, satellite, a me nā kaula. Uhi ʻia ma mua o 50 mau mokuʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika, Kolombia, a me nā panalāʻau US. Nui nā huahana noi lekiō, nā huahana kamaʻilio a me nā huahana kikohoʻe e koi i ka ʻae FCC e komo i ka mākeke US.
ʻIke ʻia ka palapala hōʻoia FCC ʻo ka US Federal Communications Certification. Me nā lolouila, nā mīkini fax, nā mea uila, ka hoʻokipa lekiō a me nā lako hoʻouna, nā mea pāʻani lekiō, nā kelepona, nā kamepiula pilikino, a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe e hōʻino i ka palekana pilikino. Inā e hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia mau huahana i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia a ʻae ʻia e ke keʻena hana ʻae aupuni e like me nā kūlana ʻenehana FCC. Pono nā mea lawe mai a me nā ʻelele kuʻuna e haʻi aku e hoʻokō kēlā me kēia mīkini alapine lekiō i nā kūlana FCC, i ʻike ʻia he laikini FCC.
8、SAA
ʻO ka SAA palapala hōʻoia he kino maʻamau o Australia a ua hōʻoia ʻia e ka Standards Association of Australian, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono e hoʻokō nā huahana uila a pau e komo ana i ka mākeke Australia i nā lula palekana kūloko. Ma muli o ka ʻaelike ʻae like ʻana ma waena o Australia a me New Zealand, hiki i nā huahana āpau i hōʻoia ʻia e Australia ke komo mālie i ka mākeke o Aotearoa no ke kūʻai aku. Aia nā huahana uila a pau i ka palapala SAA.
ʻElua ʻano nui o nā kaha SAA, ʻo ka ʻae ʻia kekahi a ʻo ka hōʻailona maʻamau kekahi. ʻO ka palapala hōʻoia maʻamau ke kuleana no nā laʻana, a ʻo nā hōʻailona maʻamau e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana o ka hale hana. I kēia manawa, ʻelua mau ala e noi ai no ka palapala SAA ma Kina. ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻana ma o ka hōʻike hōʻike CB. Inā ʻaʻohe hōʻike hoʻāʻo CB, hiki iā ʻoe ke noi pololei.
9、SASO
ʻO SASO ka pōkole o ka English Saudi Arabian Standards Organization, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka Saudi Arabian Standards Organization. Na SASO ke kuleana no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kūlana aupuni no nā mea e pono ai a me nā huahana a pau, a ʻo nā maʻamau pū kekahi e pili ana i nā ʻōnaehana ana, nā lepili, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Kaomi i ka ʻatikala e nānā: ʻO ka ʻino anti-corruption o Saudi Arabia, he aha ka pili ʻana me kā mākou poʻe kālepa haole?
10, ISO9000
Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ʻohana ISO9000 e ka International Organization for Standardization (ISO), a ʻo ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka ʻohana GB / T19000-ISO9000 o nā kūlana a me ka hōʻoia maikaʻi ua lilo i kumuhana wela i ka pōʻai waiwai a me nā ʻoihana. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he moʻolelo lōʻihi ka palapala hōʻoia maikaʻi, a ʻo ia ka huahana o ka ʻoihana mākeke. ʻO ka palapala hōʻoia maikaʻi kahi passport no nā huahana e komo i ka mākeke honua. I kēia lā, ua lilo ka ʻohana ISO9000 o nā ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi maʻamau i kekahi o nā kumu nui ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia i ke kālepa honua.
11 、VDE
ʻO ka inoa piha o VDE ʻo VDE Testing and Certification Institute, ʻo ia ka German Association of Electrical Engineers. ʻO ia kekahi o nā ʻoihana hōʻoia hōʻoia a me ka nānā ʻana ma ʻEulopa. Ma ke ʻano he hoʻāʻo palekana palekana a me ka hui hōʻoia no nā mea uila uila a me kā lākou mau ʻāpana, hauʻoli ʻo VDE i kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma ʻEulopa a me ka honua. ʻO ka laulā huahana e loiloi ʻia e pili ana i nā mea uila no ka home a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana, nā lako IT, nā lako ʻenehana a me nā ʻenehana lapaʻau, nā mea hui a me nā ʻāpana uila, nā uea a me nā kaula, etc.
12、CSA
ʻO CSA ka pōkole o Canadian Standards Association (Canadian Standards Association). ʻO CSA ke kino hōʻoia palekana nui loa ma Kanada a ʻo kekahi o nā kino hōʻoia palekana kaulana loa ma ka honua. Hāʻawi ia i ka hōʻoia palekana no nā ʻano huahana āpau i ka mīkini, nā mea kūkulu hale, nā mea uila, nā lako kamepiula, nā lako keʻena, ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ka palekana ahi olakino, nā haʻuki a me nā ʻoliʻoli.
ʻO ka laulā huahana i hōʻoia ʻia e CSA e kālele ana i ʻewalu mau wahi:
1. Ke ola kanaka a me ke kaiapuni, e like me ke ola kino a me ka palekana o ka hana, ka palekana o ka lehulehu, ka hoomalu kaiapuni o na mea ha'uki a me na mea lealea, a me ka 'enehana mālama ola kino.
2. ʻO ka uila a me ka uila, me nā hoʻoponopono e pili ana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea uila i loko o nā hale, nā ʻenehana like ʻole a me nā ʻoihana uila a me nā huahana uila.
3. Hoʻokaʻaʻike a me ka ʻike, me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoponopono hale, ke kelepona a me ka ʻenehana a me nā lako hana hoʻopilikia electromagnetic.
4. Nā hale kūkulu hale, me nā mea hana hale a me nā huahana, nā huahana kīwila, nā ʻuala, nā hale pōhaku, nā paipu paipu a me nā hoʻolālā hale.
5. ʻO ka ikehu, me ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana o ka ikehu a me ka hoʻoili ʻana, ka puhi ʻana i ka wahie, nā lako palekana a me ka ʻenehana ikehu nuklea.
6. Nā ʻōnaehana kaʻa a me ka hāʻawi ʻana, e like me ka palekana kaʻa kaʻa, nā paipu aila a me ke kinoea, ka lawelawe ʻana a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea, a me nā mea hana ma waho.
7. ʻenehana waiwai, me ka wiliwili a me ka metallurgy.
8. Nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele pāʻoihana a me nā ʻōnaehana hana, me ka hoʻokele maikaʻi a me ka ʻenehana kumu.
13、TÜV
ʻO TÜV (Technischer überwachüngs-Verein) ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ia ka ʻAhahui Nānā ʻenehana ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania. ʻO ka hōʻailona TÜV he hōʻailona hōʻoia palekana i hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia e German TÜV no nā huahana ʻāpana a ua ʻae nui ʻia ma Kelemania a me ʻEulopa.
Ke noi ʻia kahi ʻoihana no ka hōʻailona TÜV, hiki iā ia ke noi pū i kahi palapala CB, a pēlā e loaʻa ai nā palapala hōʻoia mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana. Eia kekahi, ma hope o ka hala ʻana o nā huahana i ka palapala hōʻoia, e ʻōlelo aku ʻo TÜV Germany i kēia mau huahana i nā mea hana rectifier e hele mai e nānā i nā mea hoʻolako ʻāpana kūpono; i ke kaʻina hana hōʻoia mīkini holoʻokoʻa, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mea āpau i loaʻa ka māka TÜV mai ka nānā ʻana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-06-2022