ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā huahana stainless steel he hoʻololi i ka lumi kuke, nani lākou, lōʻihi, maʻalahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a hoʻololi pololei i ke kala a me ke ʻano o ka lumi kuke. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻike maka o ka lumi kuke, ʻaʻole ia he pōʻeleʻele a pulu, a ʻeleʻele hoʻi.
Eia nō naʻe, nui nā ʻano kila kuhili ʻole, a ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou. I kekahi manawa, lohe ʻia nā nīnau palekana, a he pilikia ke koho.
ʻOi loa i ka wā e pili ana i nā ipu hao, nā papa ʻaina a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e lawe pololei i ka meaʻai, lilo ka mea i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi. Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ai iā lākou?
He aha ke kila kila?
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o ke kila kila e hoʻoholoʻia e nā meaʻelua,ʻo ia ka chromium a me ka nickel. Me ka ʻole o ka chromium, ʻaʻole ia he kila kila, a ʻo ka nui o ka nickel e hoʻoholo i ka waiwai o ke kila kila.
Hiki i ke kila kila ke hoʻomau i ka luster i ka lewa a ʻaʻole ia e ʻōpala no ka mea aia kekahi nui o nā mea hoʻohui chromium (ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 10.5%), hiki ke hana i kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni paʻa ma ka ʻili o ke kila i hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i kekahi mau media.
Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka nickel, hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ka hana o ke kila kila, a loaʻa iā ia ka paʻa kemika maikaʻi i ka ea, ka wai a me ka mahu, a loaʻa nō hoʻi ka paʻa kūpono i nā wai wai o nā waikawa, alkalis a me nā paʻakai, ʻoiai i ka wela kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole I kahi. kaiapuni wela haʻahaʻa, hiki nō ke hoʻomau i kona kūpaʻa corrosion.
Wahi a ka microstructure, ua māhele ʻia ke kila kila i martensitic, austenitic, ferritic a me duplex stainless steels. Loaʻa i ka Austenite ka plasticity maikaʻi, ka ikaika haʻahaʻa, ka paʻakikī, ka hana maʻalahi a me ka hana ʻana, ʻaʻohe waiwai ferromagnetic.
Ua puka mai ʻo Austenitic stainless steel ma Kelemānia i ka makahiki 1913, a ua hoʻokani mau ʻo ia i ka hana koʻikoʻi ma ke kila kila. ʻO kāna hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana ma kahi o 70% o ka nui o ka hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kila kila. Aia nō nā māka kila nui loa, no laila, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kila kuhili ʻole āu e ʻike ai i kēlā me kēia lā he mau kila kuhili ʻole austenitic.
ʻO ke kila 304 kaulana ʻo austenitic stainless steel. ʻO 0Cr19Ni9 (0Cr18Ni9) ka pae aupuni Kina mua, ʻo ia hoʻi he 19% o Cr (chromium) a me 9% o Ni (nickel). ʻO 0 ke ʻano o ke kalapona <=0.07%.
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hae aupuni Kina ʻo ia nā mea i loaʻa i loko o ke kila kila e akaka i ka nānā. ʻO 304, 301, 202, etc., ʻo ia nā inoa o ʻAmelika a me Iapana, akā i kēia manawa ua maʻa nā mea a pau i kēia inoa.
ʻO Cromargan 18-10 i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ke kila kila ʻole WMF pan
ʻIke pinepine mākou i nā mea kīhini i kaha ʻia me nā huaʻōlelo 18-10 a me 18-8. Hōʻike kēia ʻano hana hōʻailona i ka hapa o ka chromium a me ka nickel i ke kila kila. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka nickel a ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ke ʻano.
ʻO 18-8 (nickel ʻaʻole i emi ma lalo o 8) pili me 304 kila. ʻO 18-10 (nickel ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ma mua o 10) pili me 316 kila (0Cr17Ni12Mo2), ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ke kila kila kila.
ʻAʻole maikaʻi ke kila 304, akā ʻaʻole ia he kumu kūʻai
ʻO ka manaʻo o ka austenitic 304 stainless steel he kiʻekiʻe loa ia ma muli o Xiaomi, nāna i hoʻopili i nā mea pono o kēlā me kēia lā no nā makahiki i loko o nā huahana kiʻekiʻe.
I loko o ka lumi kuke i kēlā me kēia lā, ua lawa ka pale ʻana o ka corrosion a me ka palekana o 304. Hoʻohana ʻia ka 316 kiʻekiʻe loa (0Cr17Ni12Mo2) i nā kemika, nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, me nā waiwai kemika paʻa a ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.
He haʻahaʻa ka ikaika o ke kila Austenitic 304 a hoʻohana mau ʻia i loko o nā ipu kīhini, ʻoiai ʻo nā pahi e hoʻohana i nā kila stainless martensitic paʻakikī (420, 440), ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka pala.
I ka wā ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia he pilikia paha ia, ʻo 201, 202 a me nā mea hao ʻē aʻe i loko o ka manganese. ʻO 201 a me 202 ka mea kila kila nā huahana haʻahaʻa loa i loko o ke kila kila, a ua hoʻomohala ʻia ʻo 201 a me 202 e pani i kahi ʻāpana o 304 stainless steel. ʻO ke kumu ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka nickel, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka manganese. ʻO Cr-nickel-manganese austenitic stainless steels e like me 201 a me 202 ma kahi o ka hapalua o ke kumukūʻai o 304 kila.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i like ke kumukūʻai o 304 kila ponoʻī e like me ia, ma kahi o 6 a i ʻole 7 yuan no ka catty, a me 316 kila a me 11 yuan no ka catty. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pinepine ke kumu kūʻai waiwai i mea koʻikoʻi i ke kumukūʻai huahana hope loa. ʻAʻole nui ke kumu kūʻai o nā mea kuke kila kuhili ʻole i lawe ʻia mai, ʻaʻole ma muli o nā mea maikaʻi.
He 1/25 wale nō o ka chromium a me ka 1/50 o ka nickel ke kumu kūʻai no kēlā me kēia tona o ka hao hao. Ma waena o nā kumukūʻai ʻē aʻe ma mua o ke kaʻina hana annealing, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai maka o ka austenitic stainless steel ma mua o ka martensite a me ka hao me ka nickel ʻole. He kila kuhiliʻole paʻa. He mea maʻamau ka kila 304 akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi, ma ka liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano o ka waiwai metala maka.
Wahi a nā kūlana aupuni o kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo i ke kumu hoʻohālike ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka lumi kuke
ʻO ke kūlana aupuni kahiko GB9684-1988 ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka meaʻai-grade stainless steel i loko o nā ipu a me nā papa ʻaina. , Pono e hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kila Martensitic (0Cr13, 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13).
ʻO ka maʻalahi wale nō, e nānā i ke ʻano kila a ʻike ʻoe i ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka meaʻai, nā ipu, nā cutlery. ʻIke loa, ʻo ke kūlana aupuni i kēlā manawa i kuhikuhi pololei ʻia ʻo 304 kila ma ke ʻano he kila kila kila.
Eia naʻe, ua hoʻopuka hou ʻia ka maʻamau o ka ʻāina ma hope - National Food Safety Standard for Stainless Steel Products GB 9684-2011 ʻaʻole papa inoa hou i nā hiʻohiʻona, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā kānaka ke hoʻoholo pololei i ke ʻano o ka meaʻai mai ke kumu hoʻohālike. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka laulā:
"ʻO nā ipu kīʻaha, nā mea hana meaʻai a me nā mea hana hana, a me nā ʻāpana nui o nā mea hana e hana ʻia me nā mea kila kuhiliʻole e kū pono ana i nā kūlana aupuni kūpono, e like me ke kila kuhili ʻole austenitic, ke kila kuhili ʻole austenitic, a me ke kila kila ferritic; hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻai a me nā mīkini hana meaʻai ʻo Martensitic stainless steel no ke kino nui o nā mea hana, e like me ka wili a me ka wili ʻana.
I ke kūlana aupuni hou, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ua o nā mea metala e hoʻoholo ai i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka maʻamau i nā hōʻailona kino a me nā kemika.
ʻO ia hoʻi, no ka poʻe maʻamau, he paʻakikī loa ka ʻike ʻana i ke kila kila kila, me he mea lā hiki ke hana ʻia, inā ʻaʻohe pilikia.
ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke haʻi, pehea wau e koho ai?
ʻO ka manaʻo palekana o ke kila kila he manganese. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā metala koʻikoʻi e like me ka manganese i kekahi maʻamau, aia kekahi mau pōʻino i ka ʻōnaehana nerve, e like me ka nalowale o ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka nele o ka ikehu.
No laila, e make anei ia ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana stainless steel e like me 201 a me 202? ʻAʻole maopopo ka pane.
ʻO ka mea mua ka nele o nā hōʻike hihia i ke ola maoli. Eia kekahi, ma ke kumumanaʻo, ʻaʻohe hopena hōʻoia.
Aia kahi laina maʻamau i kēia mau kūkākūkā: ʻo ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i ka lāʻau ʻawaʻawa me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau he hooliganism.
E like me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kanaka mai ka manganese, akā inā e komo nui ia, e hopena ia i nā pōʻino. No nā mākua, ʻo ka "nui" o ka manganese he 2-3 mg i kēlā me kēia lā ma United States a me 3.5 mg ma Kina. No ka palena kiʻekiʻe, ʻo nā kūlana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e Kina a me ʻAmelika ma kahi o 10 mg i kēlā me kēia lā. Wahi a nā nūhou, ʻo ka ʻai manganese o nā kamaʻāina Kina ma kahi o 6.8 mg i kēlā me kēia lā, a ua hōʻike pū ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka manganese i hoʻokahe ʻia mai 201 mea kila kila he mea ʻole a hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi i ka nui o ka manganese o nā kānaka.
Pehea e loaʻa ai kēia mau kaona maʻamau, e hoʻololi paha lākou i ka wā e hiki mai ana, a he kanalua ka lawe ʻana a me ka ua i hāʻawi ʻia e nā nūhou. Pehea e hoʻoholo ai i kēia manawa?
Hoʻopili i ka lalo o ka ipu kopa Fissler 20cm, mea waiwai: 18-10 kila kila.
Manaʻo mākou he mea maʻamau ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke ʻano o ke ola pilikino, pale i ka hopena superposition o nā mea pilikia, a hoʻāʻo e ʻimi i nā mea pono o kēlā me kēia lā i ka lumi kuke palekana a kiʻekiʻe aʻe ma lalo o nā kūlana.
No laila hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i ka 304 a me 316, no ke aha e koho ai i nā mea ʻē aʻe?
ʻO Zwillan TWIN Classic II ʻO ka ipu kuke hohonu he 20cm ma lalo
Pehea e ʻike ai i kēia mau kila kila?
Hoʻohana maʻamau nā ʻoihana Kelemania e like me Fissler, WMF a me Zwilling i ka 316 (18-10), a ʻo nā huahana kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole maopopo.
Hoʻohana ka poʻe Kepani i ka 304, a haʻi pinepine lākou i kā lākou meaʻai.
No nā huahana ʻaʻole hilinaʻi nui nā kumu, ʻo ke ala ʻoi loa ka hilinaʻi e hoʻouna iā lākou i ka hale hana, akā ʻaʻole loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā mea kūʻai aku i kēia ʻano. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe netizens i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana e ʻike ai i nā waiwai magnetic he mea ia, a ʻo ka austenitic 304 kila he non-magnetic, ʻoiai ʻo ferrite Kino a me martensitic steel he magnetic, akā i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo austenitic 304 kila ʻaʻole non-magnetic, akā ʻoi aku ka magnetic.
Austenitic kila e precipitate wahi liʻiliʻi o ka martensite i ka hana anu, a loaʻa iā ia kekahi mau waiwai magnetic ma ka tensile ili, kulou ʻili a ʻoki ʻia, a ʻo ka 201 stainless steel he mea magnetic, no laila ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana i nā magnet.
ʻO ka potion ʻike kila kila he koho. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ke ʻike i ka ʻike o ka nickel a me ka molybdenum i loko o ke kila kila. Hoʻopili nā mea kemika i loko o ka potion me ka nickel a me ka molybdenum i loko o ke kila kila e hana i kahi paʻakikī o kahi kala kikoʻī, i ʻike i ka nickel i loko a me ka molybdenum o ke kila kila. maʻiʻo pili.
No ka laʻana, 304 potion, i ka nickel i ho'āʻo kuhiliʻole kila ma mua o 8%, e hōʻike kala, akā, no ka mea, o ka nickel maʻiʻo o kuhiliʻole kila o 316, 310 a me nā mea 'ē aʻe i oi aku ma mua o 8%, no laila, ina ka 304. Hoʻohana ʻia ka potion e ʻike ai i ka 310, 316 E hōʻike pū ana ke kila kila i ke kala, no laila inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o 304, 310, a me 316, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka potion pili. Eia hou, hiki i ka mea kila kila ma ka paena ike potion ke ike wale i ka maʻiʻo o ka nickel a me ka molybdenum i loko o ka kuhiliʻole kila, akā,ʻaʻole hiki ke ike i ka kuhiliʻole kila. ʻO ka ʻike o nā mea kemika ʻē aʻe i loko o ke kila kila, e like me ka chromium, no laila inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike i ka ʻikepili pololei o kēlā me kēia mea kemika i ke kila kila, pono ʻoe e hoʻouna iā ia i ka hoʻāʻo ʻoihana.
I ka loiloi hope loa, ʻo ke koho ʻana i kahi hōʻailona hilinaʻi he ala i waho i ka wā i loaʻa ai nā kūlana Permit0
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-08-2022