Cov khoom siv niaj hnub siv feem ntau yog xa mus rau cov khoom siv hauv tib neeg lub neej txhua hnub, xws li cov tais diav, tshuaj yej teeb, wine sets lossis lwm yam khoom siv. Vim tias kev lag luam xav tau loj heev, ua ib tus neeg soj ntsuam, muaj ntau lub sijhawm los ntsib nrog cov khoom zoo li no. Niaj hnub no, kuv yuav qhia rau koj ib co kev paub txog kev soj ntsuam ntawm txhua hnub siv ceramics.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lauj kaub tais diav thiab cov plooj (porcelain).
Qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau hom ceramics
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev ntim khoom
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev tshuaj xyuas lub ntim yuav tsum tau ua raws li daim ntawv cog lus tshwj xeeb kos npe los ntawm ob tog. Lub ntim sab nrauv yuav tsum ruaj khov, thiab sab hauv yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov khoom pov thawj poob siab; cov khoom ntawm ib qho khoom, xws li tshuaj yej thiab lub hau, yuav tsum tau muab cais los ntawm cov ntawv mos. Sab nraum lub thawv ntim khoom (lub hnab ntim khoom), yuav tsum muaj cov cim ntawm "cov khoom tsis yooj yim" thiab "cov khoom tsis muaj dej noo".
Tom qab unpacking, koj yuav tsum xyuas seb puas muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom yog luv luv, thiab seb cov khoom npe thiab cov qauv specifications yog raws li qhov kev pom zoo. Cov plooj (porcelain) zoo yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas nws qhov ua tiav, xws li seb puas muaj pes tsawg tus plooj (porcelain tableware) zoo nyob rau hauv ib qho ua tiav (feem ntau hu ua pes tsawg lub taub hau) yog qhov tseeb.
Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas qhov tshwm sim
1. Deformation: yog hais txog cov duab ntawm cov khoom uas tsis ua raws li cov qauv tsim.
2. Lub qhov ncauj thiab pob ntseg tuav: Qhov siab ntawm lub qhov ncauj thiab pob ntseg tuav yog tsis xis nyob thiab skewed.
3. Pimple: Yog hais txog cov qog nqaij hlav zoo li cov khoom zoo ntawm lub cev underglaze.
4. Npuas: yog hais txog cov npuas npuas uas tau tsa rau ntawm lub cev underglaze.
5. Slag: Hais txog qhov tsis xws luag los ntawm cov av nkos thiab glaze residue ntawm qhov khoob uas tsis tau muab tshem tawm.
6. Tsis muaj av nkos: hais txog qhov tshwm sim uas lub cev ntsuab tsis tiav.
7. Glaze npuas: hais txog cov npuas me me ntawm qhov chaw glaze.
8. Blister edge: yog hais txog cov npuas me me uas tshwm rau ntawm ntug ntawm cov khoom qhov ncauj.
9. Blank tawg: Hais txog lub zos tev tawm los ntawm kev tswj cov dej tsis zoo ua ntej qhov khoob nkag mus rau hauv qhov cub.
10. Fried glaze: yog hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tawg ntawm glazed nto ntawm cov khoom.
11. Cracks: yog hais txog qhov tsis xws luag striate tsim los ntawm kev tawg ntawm qhov khoob thiab glazes, uas tau muab faib ua peb hom. Thawj yog ib qho tawg uas npog los ntawm glaze, hu ua yin crack. Qhov thib ob yog qhov glaze tawg thiab lub cev tsis tawg, uas yog hu ua glaze cracking. Qhov thib peb yog tias ob lub cev thiab glaze yog tawg, uas yog hu ua tawg ntawm ob lub cev thiab glaze.
12. Molten qhov: yog hais txog lub qhov uas ua los ntawm melting ntawm cov khoom fusible thaum lub sij hawm firing.
13. Spots: yog hais txog cov xim stains ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom, tseem hu ua hlau me ntsis.
14. Pores: yog hais txog cov qhov me me (los yog xim av-eyed pig pores, pinholes) muaj nyob rau ntawm glaze nto.
15. Slag ntog: yog hais txog saggar tshauv thiab lwm yam slag hais adhered rau glazed nto ntawm cov khoom.
16. Cov ntug hauv qab nplaum nplaum: yog hais txog cov slag me me uas nyob rau ntawm ntug ntawm ko taw ntawm cov khoom.
17. Koob taw tes: cov kab laug sab laug los ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov khoom.
18. Cov caws pliav nplaum: qhov tsis xws luag tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub cev ntsuab thiab cov khoom txawv teb chaws thaum tua.
19. Hluav taws kub hnyiab: qhov ntxhib xim av nto tshwm sim los ntawm ya tshauv nyob rau hauv nplaim taws.
20. Tsis muaj glaze: Hais txog ib nrab deglazing ntawm cov khoom.
21, txiv kab ntxwv glaze: hais txog glaze zoo ib yam li txiv kab ntxwv tev.
22. Av nkos glaze strand: yog hais txog strand-zoo li tshwm sim ntawm lub cev ntsuab thiab lub glazed nto yog ib nrab tsa.
23. Nyias glaze: Hais txog cov txheej glaze rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom, uas tsim cov duab uas lub glaze nto tsis ci.
24. Cov xim qias neeg: hais txog cov tsos ntawm cov xim variegated ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom uas yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj.
25. Cov xim tsis raug: yog hais txog cov xim tsis sib xws ntawm cov qauv qub lossis qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis muaj lub teeb tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis muaj hluav taws.
26. Tsis muaj kab: hais txog qhov tsis xws ntawm cov kab thiab cov npoo dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov kab.
27. Tsis muaj daim duab: Hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim duab tsis tiav thiab xim tsis raug.
28. Ci paj nplaum nplaum: yog hais txog cov xim stains thiab glaze puas rau ntawm glazed nto ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sij hawm ci.
29. Cov ko taw qias neeg hauv qab: Hais txog lwm yam impurities ua rau hauv qab taw thiab ua kom tsis muaj xim.
30. Cov xim sib txawv ntawm cov av nkos ntawm lub qhov ncauj thiab pob ntseg: Cov xim ntawm cov av nkos ntawm lub qhov ncauj thiab pob ntseg tsis sib haum nrog cov khoom nws tus kheej.
31. Gypsum qias neeg: hais txog qhov tshwm sim heterochromatic ntawm lub cev ntsuab vim yog adhesion ntawm gypsum.
32. Xiav Kub: Qhov tshwm sim bluish tshwm sim los ntawm cov hlau ua nyias dhau.
33. Haus luam yeeb: hais txog cov tsos ntawm grey, dub thiab xim av nyob rau hauv ib feem los yog tag nrho cov khoom.
34. Yin yellow: yog hais txog ib nrab lossis ua tiav yellowing ntawm cov khoom.
35. Glaze scratches: yog hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm streaks thiab ib feem poob ntawm gloss ntawm glazed nto ntawm cov khoom.
36. Pob: yog hais txog kev cuam tshuam ib nrab lossis kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom, los yog kev raug mob hnyav.
37. Rolling traces: yog hais txog cov arc-zoo li cov kab uas ua rau dov los yog riam nias.
38. Wavy qauv: hais txog cov qauv wavy nthuav tawm los ntawm cov khoom tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom.
Kev ntsuas lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntsuas
1. Kev ntsuas dej nqus ntawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub siv
2. Kev tshuaj xyuas thermal stability ntawm tsev neeg ceramics
3. Whiteness ntawm txhua hnub ceramics
4. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov hlau lead thiab cadmium dissolution ntawm txhua hnub siv ceramics.
Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Txhua Hnub Zoo Porcelain
1. Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm cov porcelain zoo rau kev siv txhua hnub
Cov khoom specifications muab faib ua tshwj xeeb, loj, nruab nrab, thiab me. Cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb tau qhia hauv lub rooj:
2. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov porcelain zoo rau kev siv txhua hnub
Txhua hnub zoo cov plooj (porcelain) muab faib ua plaub qib raws li cov tsos zoo, thiab cov kev cai tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no:
Tsis pub ntau tshaj 4 yam tsis xws luag rau ib yam khoom rau thawj cov khoom lag luam;
Cov khoom thib ob yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 5 qhov tsis xws luag hauv ib qho khoom;
Txhua yam khoom ntawm cov khoom thib peb yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 6 yam tsis xws luag;
Txhua yam khoom ntawm Qib 4 yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau tshaj 7 yam tsis xws luag;
Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li tus qauv, nws tseem yuav tsum tau:
1. Tus nqi nqus dej yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.5%.
2. Cov kev xav tau thermal stability, los ntawm 200 ℃ mus rau 20 ℃ dej, lub tshav kub pauv yuav tsis tawg ib zaug (pob txha suav tsis txwv).
3. Cov xim dawb ntawm cov plooj (porcelain) yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua 65%, tshwj tsis yog rau cov khoom siv nrog xiav glaze thiab xim tshwj xeeb.
4. Kev tawg ntawm cov hlau lead ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag nrog cov zaub mov tsis ntau tshaj 7PPM, thiab kev sib cais ntawm cadmium tsis ntau tshaj 0.5PPM.
5. Txoj kab uas hla. Rau txoj kab uas hla sib npaug los yog ntau dua 60 hli, tso cai los ntawm +1.5% mus rau -1%; rau txoj kab uas hla tsawg dua 60 hli, tso cai ± 2%.
6. Thaum lub lauj kaub tilted ntawm 70 degrees, lub hau yuav tsum tsis txhob poob. Thaum lub hau txav mus rau ib sab, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub hau thiab lub spout yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 3 hli. Lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub spout yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua 3 hli los ntawm lub spout.
7. Cov xim glaze thiab cov duab xim ntawm cov khoom siv yuav tsum yog tib yam, thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg yuav tsum sib haum.
8. Tsis muaj qhov ci ci, tawg, tawg thiab tawg tsis raug.
Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov tais diav txhua hnub
1. Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tais diav zoo txhua hnub
Cov khoom specifications muab faib ua tshwj xeeb, loj, nruab nrab, thiab me. Cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb tau qhia hauv lub rooj
2. Kev muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo txhua hnub
Txhua hnub cov tais diav zoo tau muab faib ua peb qib raws li qhov pom zoo, cov kev cai tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no:
Thawj cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 5 qhov tsis xws luag hauv ib qho khoom;
Cov khoom thib ob yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 6 qhov tsis xws luag hauv ib qho khoom;
Txhua yam khoom ntawm cov khoom thib peb yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 8 yam tsis xws luag;
Tsis tas li ntawd, tus qauv qhia tias:
1. Lub log tsheb zoo yog ntom, thiab qhov nqus dej tsis tshaj 15%.
2. Lub glaze nto yog du thiab xim yog ntshiab.
3. Cov kev cai thermal stability, los ntawm 200 ℃ mus rau 20 ℃ dej, lub tshav kub pauv yuav tsis tawg ib zaug.
4. Cov khoom yuav tsum tiaj tus thiab ruaj khov thaum muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus.
5. Kev kam rau siab ntawm cov khoom kab, qhov kam rau siab yog +1.5% rau 1% rau txoj kab uas hla ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 60 hli, thiab qhov kam rau siab yog ± 2% rau txoj kab uas hla tsawg dua 60 hli.
6. Qhov loj ntawm lub hau thiab lub qhov ncauj ntawm tag nrho cov khoom npog yuav tsum tsim nyog.
7
8. Cov xim glaze, daim duab thiab gloss ntawm cov khoom tiav ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum yog tib yam, thiab cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg yuav tsum sib haum.
9. Kev tawg ntawm cov hlau lead ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag nrog cov zaub mov tsis ntau tshaj 7PPM, thiab kev sib cais ntawm cadmium tsis ntau tshaj 0.5PPM.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-16-2022