Inspection VS Test
Kev kuaj xyuas yog kev ua haujlwm los txiav txim siab ib lossis ntau tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom, txheej txheem lossis kev pabcuam raws li tus txheej txheem teev tseg. Kev kuaj xyuas yog qhov feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem kev ntsuas kev sib raug zoo, uas yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim siab tias cov khoom ua tau raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb. Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas muaj xws li qhov loj me, tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov qauv hluav taws xob, cov qauv siv tshuab, thiab lwm yam. Kev ntsuam xyuas yog ua los ntawm ntau lub koom haum, suav nrog tsoomfwv cov koomhaum, cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm tshawb fawb, cov koom haum ua lag luam thiab kev lag luam.
Kev tshuaj xyuas yog hais txog kev ntsuas kev sib haum xeeb los ntawm kev ntsuas, kev soj ntsuam, kev kuaj pom lossis ntsuas. Yuav muaj kev sib tshooj ntawm kev sim thiab tshuaj xyuas, thiab cov haujlwm no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm tib lub koom haum. Kev tshuaj xyuas feem ntau yog nyob ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag, tab sis nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem kuaj pom, feem ntau yog siv cov cuab yeej yooj yim, xws li ntsuas ntsuas. Kev tshuaj xyuas feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau txais kev cob qhia zoo raws li lub hom phiaj thiab cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab thiab kev paub dhau los ntawm tus neeg soj ntsuam.
01
Cov lus tsis meej pem tshaj plaws
ISO 9000 VS ISO 9001 ntawv pov thawj
ISO9000 tsis yog hais txog tus qauv, tab sis ib pawg ntawm cov qauv. ISO9000 tsev neeg ntawm cov qauv yog ib lub tswv yim muab los ntawm International Organization for Standardization (ISO) nyob rau hauv 1994. Nws yog hais txog cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb tsim los ntawm ISO/Tc176 (Technical Committee for Quality Management and Quality Assurance of the International Organization for Standardization).
ISO9001 yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm zoo suav nrog hauv ISO9000 tsev neeg ntawm cov qauv. Nws yog siv los xyuas kom meej tias lub koom haum muaj peev xwm muab cov khoom lag luam uas ua tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau thiab cov kev cai siv tau, nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txhim kho cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab. Nws suav nrog plaub tus qauv tseem ceeb: kev tswj hwm kev ua tau zoo - lub hauv paus thiab cov ntsiab lus, kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm zoo - cov kev xav tau, kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm zoo - kev qhia txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig.
Daim ntawv pov thawj VS kev lees paub
Daim ntawv pov thawj yog hais txog kev ua raws li kev soj ntsuam kev ua ub no uas lub cev ntawv pov thawj lees paub tias cov khoom lag luam, kev pabcuam thiab kev tswj xyuas ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua lossis cov qauv ntawm cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb.
Kev lees paub yog hais txog cov kev ntsuam xyuas kev tsim nyog uas tau lees paub los ntawm lub cev lees paub rau lub peev xwm thiab kev xyaum tsim nyog ntawm lub cev ntawv pov thawj, lub cev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, chav kuaj thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm koom nrog hauv kev tshuaj xyuas, kev tshuaj xyuas thiab lwm yam haujlwm ua pov thawj.
CNAS VS CMA
CMA, luv rau Tuam Tshoj Metrology Accreditation.Txoj Cai Metrology ntawm Cov Neeg Tuam Txhab Tuam Txhab Tuam Txhab tau teev tseg tias cov khoom lag luam tshuaj xyuas zoo uas muab cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg rau cov zej zog yuav tsum dhau qhov ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas, ntsuas kev muaj peev xwm thiab kev ntsuas kev ntseeg tau los ntawm cov chaw tswj xyuas metrological ntawm cov neeg tsoomfwv ntawm lossis siab dua lub xeev. Qhov kev ntsuas no hu ua metrological certification.
Metrological certification yog ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm yuav tsum tau ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub chaw soj ntsuam (laboratories) uas muab cov ntaub ntawv notarized rau lub zej zog los ntawm metrological txoj cai nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, uas kuj yuav hais tau tias yuav tsum tau lees paub ntawm lub chaw soj nstuam los ntawm tsoom fwv nrog Suav yam ntxwv. Cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm lub chaw soj ntsuam xyuas cov khoom zoo uas tau dhau daim ntawv pov thawj metrological yuav tsum tau siv rau daim ntawv pov thawj kev lag luam, kev ntsuam xyuas cov khoom zoo thiab kev ntsuas kev ua tiav raws li cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg thiab muaj kev cai lij choj.
CNAS: Tuam Tshoj National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment (CNAS) yog lub teb chaws lees paub lub koom haum tsim thiab tso cai los ntawm National Certification thiab Accreditation Administration Commission raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov kev cai ntawm cov neeg koom pheej ntawm Tuam Tshoj ntawm Certification thiab Accreditation, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm. rau kev lees paub ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj lub cev, lub chaw soj nstuam, cov chaw soj ntsuam thiab lwm lub koom haum cuam tshuam.
Laboratory accreditation yog yeem thiab koom nrog. Tus qauv tau txais yog sib npaug rau iso/iec17025: 2005. Muaj ib daim ntawv cog lus lees paub kos npe nrog ILAC thiab lwm lub koom haum kuaj xyuas kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb rau kev sib koom ua ke.
Internal audit vs external audit
Kev tshawb xyuas sab hauv yog txhawm rau txhim kho kev tswj hwm sab hauv, txhawb kev txhim kho kom zoo los ntawm kev siv cov kev kho kom raug thiab tiv thaiv cov teeb meem pom, kev tshawb xyuas sab hauv ntawm lub tuam txhab, kev tshawb xyuas thawj zaug, thiab saib seb koj lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm li cas.
Kev tshawb xyuas sab nrauv feem ntau yog hais txog kev tshawb xyuas ntawm lub tuam txhab los ntawm lub tuam txhab ntawv pov thawj, thiab cov neeg thib peb tshawb xyuas seb lub tuam txhab puas ua haujlwm raws li tus qauv txheej txheem, thiab seb daim ntawv pov thawj puas tuaj yeem muab tau.
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Feem ntau siv cov lus pov thawj
1. Lub tsev kawm ntawv pov thawj: yog hais txog lub tsev kawm ntawv uas tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj thiab kev lees paub kev saib xyuas thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm Xeev Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas, thiab tau txais cov neeg tsim nyog raws li txoj cai lij choj, thiab tuaj yeem koom nrog cov ntawv pov thawj hauv qhov kev pom zoo.
2. Kev Tshawb Fawb: yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, muaj kev ywj pheej thiab cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tshawb xyuas thiab ntsuas nws lub hom phiaj los txiav txim siab txog qib uas ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem tshawb xyuas.
3. Tus Neeg Soj Ntsuam: yog hais txog tus neeg muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov kev tshuaj xyuas.
4. Lub chaw saib xyuas thiab kev tswj xyuas hauv zos yog hais txog lub zos nkag-tawm kev soj ntsuam thiab cais tawm lub tsev tsim los ntawm lub chaw saib xyuas kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg tsoomfwv ntawm lub xeev, thaj chaw muaj kev ywj pheej thiab hauv nroog ncaj qha rau hauv Central Government thiab kev saib xyuas zoo, Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab cais tawm ntawm Lub Xeev Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas tau tso cai los ntawm lub teb chaws ntawv pov thawj thiab kev lees paub kev saib xyuas thiab kev tswj hwm.
5. CCC daim ntawv pov thawj: yog hais txog yuav tsum tau daim ntawv pov thawj khoom.
6. Export filing: yog hais txog kev siv cov ntaub ntawv kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm Lub Xeev rau cov lag luam koom nrog hauv kev tsim, ua thiab khaws cia cov zaub mov xa tawm (tom qab no hu ua cov chaw tsim khoom noj khoom haus export) raws li cov cai ntawm Txoj Cai Kev Nyab Xeeb Khoom Noj . Lub National Certification and Accreditation Administration (tom qab no hu ua Certification and Accreditation Administration) yog tus saib xyuas cov ntaub ntawv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub teb chaws export zaub mov kev lag luam. Txhua lub lag luam uas tsim, txheej txheem thiab khaws cov zaub mov xa tawm hauv thaj chaw ntawm Tuam Tshoj Cov Neeg Sawv Cev yuav tsum tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj kev noj qab haus huv ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem tsim, txheej txheem thiab khaws cov zaub mov xa tawm.
7. Cov lus pom zoo sab nraud: hais txog tias tom qab lub chaw tsim khoom lag luam xa tawm cov khoom lag luam thov rau kev sau npe kev noj qab haus huv txawv teb chaws tau dhau los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm kev nkag-tawm kev tshuaj xyuas thiab cais tawm hauv nws qhov chaw txiav txim, kev tshuaj xyuas nkag-tawm thiab cais tawm yuav xa mus rau lub tuam txhab. daim ntawv thov rau cov ntaub ntawv sau npe kev noj qab haus huv txawv teb chaws mus rau National Certification thiab Accreditation Administration (tom qab no hu ua Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev lees paub), thiab cov ntawv pov thawj thiab kev lees paub yuav txheeb xyuas tias nws ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, CNCA (hauv lub npe "National Certification thiab Accreditation Administration of the People's Republic of China") yuav tsum pom zoo ib yam rau cov neeg muaj peev xwm ntawm cov teb chaws los yog cheeb tsam.
8. Ntshuam kev sau npe yog hais txog kev tshaj tawm thiab ua raws li Cov Cai ntawm Kev Sau Npe thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam Txawv Tebchaws ntawm Cov Khoom Noj Ntshuam hauv xyoo 2002, uas muaj feem xyuam rau kev tso npe thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom txawv teb chaws, kev ua thiab khaws cia cov lag luam (tom qab no hu ua txawv teb chaws ntau lawm qhauj) export zaub mov rau Suav teb. Cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws xa tawm cov khoom lag luam hauv Catalog rau Tuam Tshoj yuav tsum thov rau npe nrog National Certification thiab Accreditation Administration. Cov zaub mov ntawm cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws uas tsis muaj npe yuav tsum tsis txhob raug xa mus.
9. HACCP: Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Tseem Ceeb. HACCP yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus qhia kev lag luam zaub mov los tsim kom muaj kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov zaub mov, hais txog kev tiv thaiv kev phom sij ntau dua li kev cia siab rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom kawg. Kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb zaub mov raws li HACCP hu ua HACCP system. Nws yog ib qho system rau kev txheeb xyuas, tshuaj xyuas thiab tswj cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb khoom noj.
10 、 Kev ua liaj ua teb Organic: hais txog "Raws li qee cov qauv kev ua liaj ua teb organic, peb tsis siv cov kab mob thiab lawv cov khoom tau los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces hauv kev tsim khoom, tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj tua kab hluavtaws, chiv, kev loj hlob regulators, pub additives thiab lwm yam khoom, ua raws li cov cai ntawm ntuj tsim thiab ecological hauv paus ntsiab lus, tswj qhov sib npaug ntawm cog thiab aquaculture, thiab txais ib tug series ntawm sustainable ua liaj ua teb technologies kom muaj ib tug sustainable thiab ruaj khov ua liaj ua teb system. Tuam Tshoj muaj lub teb chaws tus qauv ntawm Organic khoom (GB/T19630-2005) tau muab.
11. Organic Product certification: yog hais txog cov dej num ntawm lub cev ntawv pov thawj los soj ntsuam kev tsim thiab ua cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom organic raws li Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Khoom Siv Khoom Siv (AQSIQ Decree [2004] No. 67) thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, thiab rau ua pov thawj tias lawv ua tau raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv ntawm Organic Products.
12. Cov khoom siv organic: xa mus rau cov khoom tsim, ua tiav thiab muag raws li lub teb chaws cov qauv rau cov khoom organic thiab tau lees paub los ntawm cov chaw raug cai.
13. Cov zaub mov ntsuab: yog hais txog cov zaub mov uas cog, cog, siv cov organic chiv, thiab ua tiav thiab tsim raws li tus qauv ib puag ncig, kev siv tshuab tsim khoom, thiab cov qauv kev noj qab haus huv uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tshuaj tua kab ntau nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis muaj kuab paug, thiab tau ntawv pov thawj los ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj nrog daim ntawv qhia zaub mov ntsuab. (Cov ntawv pov thawj yog raws li kev lag luam tus qauv ntawm Ministry of Agriculture.)
14. Cov khoom ua liaj ua teb tsis muaj kuab lom: xa mus rau cov khoom ua liaj ua teb uas tsis tau ua tiav lossis pib ua tiav cov khoom ua liaj ua teb uas nws ib puag ncig tsim khoom, txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab cov khoom lag luam zoo raws li cov qauv tsim nyog hauv lub tebchaws thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, tau lees paub tias tsim nyog thiab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj thiab yog tso cai siv cov khoom siv ua liaj ua teb tsis muaj kuab lom.
15. Food Safety Management System daim ntawv pov thawj: yog hais txog kev siv HACCP hauv paus ntsiab lus rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb zaub mov, uas tseem koom nrog cov kev cai ntawm kev tswj hwm kev ua tau zoo, thiab ntau dua qhia kev ua haujlwm, lav thiab kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm kev tswj xyuas zaub mov. Raws li Txoj Cai Kev Ua Haujlwm rau Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Khoom Noj, lub cev ntawv pov thawj ua cov haujlwm ntsuas kev tsim nyog rau cov chaw tsim khoom noj khoom haus raws li GB / T22000 "Food Safety Management System - Cov Kev Xav Tau rau Ntau Lub Koom Haum hauv Cov Khoom Noj" thiab ntau yam tshwj xeeb cov kev cai, uas yog hu ua Food Safety Management System certification (FSMS certification for short).
16. GAP – Good Agricultural Practice: Nws yog hais txog kev siv cov kev paub txog kev ua liaj ua teb niaj hnub no los tswj xyuas txhua yam ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, thiab txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb kom ruaj khov thaum ua kom zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom ua liaj ua teb.
17. Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo: (GMP-Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo): Nws yog hais txog kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm zoo uas tau txais cov khoom lag luam zoo los ntawm kev qhia txog cov khoom siv kho vajtse (xws li lub tsev tsim khoom, chaw tsim khoom, khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv) thiab cov kev tswj hwm ( xws li kev tsim khoom thiab kev tswj xyuas, ntim, ntim khoom, kev faib khoom, kev tu neeg ua haujlwm thiab kev cob qhia, thiab lwm yam) uas cov khoom yuav tsum muaj rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm, thiab siv kev tswj xyuas kev tshawb fawb thiab kev saib xyuas nruj thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Cov ntsiab lus tau teev tseg hauv GMP yog cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cov lag luam ua zaub mov yuav tsum tau ua, thiab cov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev txhim kho thiab kev siv ntawm lwm cov khoom noj khoom haus kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tswj kom zoo.
18. Daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev lag luam ntsuab: yog hais txog kev soj ntsuam thiab ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev lag luam wholesale thiab muag khoom ib puag ncig, khoom siv (kev khaws cia zaub, tshawb nrhiav, ua) cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab kev tswj hwm, thiab cov khoom khaws cia, khaws cia, ntim, tswj kev huv, khoom noj hauv tsev. kev ua, kev lag luam credit thiab lwm yam kev pabcuam thiab cov txheej txheem.
19. Kev tsim nyog ntawm cov chaw soj ntsuam thiab cov chaw soj ntsuam: yog hais txog cov xwm txheej thiab kev muaj peev xwm uas cov chaw soj ntsuam thiab cov chaw soj ntsuam uas muab cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txiaj ntsig uas tuaj yeem ua pov thawj rau lub zej zog yuav tsum muaj.
20. Kev lees paub ntawm cov chaw soj ntsuam thiab cov chaw soj ntsuam: yog hais txog kev soj ntsuam thiab kev lees paub cov haujlwm ua los ntawm National Certification thiab Accreditation Administration thiab cov kev saib xyuas zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsoomfwv ntawm cov xeev, thaj chaw tswj hwm thiab cov nroog ncaj qha rau hauv Central Government txog seb cov xwm txheej hauv paus thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm cov chaw soj ntsuam thiab cov chaw soj ntsuam ua raws li cov cai, kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm thiab cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb lossis cov qauv.
21. Metrological certification: Nws yog hais txog kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev soj ntsuam metrological, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv kuaj, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo los xyuas kom meej cov kev ntsuas kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ntsuas qhov tseeb. cov khoom lag luam tshuaj xyuas cov tuam txhab uas muab cov ntaub ntawv ncaj ncees rau tib neeg los ntawm National Accreditation Administration thiab cov chaw soj ntsuam xyuas hauv zos raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov kev cai lij choj thiab kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm, nrog rau kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo los xyuas kom meej qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ncaj ncees thiab txhim khu kev qha. cov ntaub ntawv.
22. Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev pom zoo (kev lees paub): yog hais txog kev tshuaj xyuas lub peev xwm tshuaj xyuas thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov chaw tshuaj ntsuam xyuas uas ua cov haujlwm tshuaj xyuas seb cov khoom puas ua tau raws li cov qauv thiab kev saib xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas lwm yam qauv los ntawm National Accreditation Administration. thiab cov chaw saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv hauv cheeb tsam raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov kev cai lij choj thiab cov cai tswj hwm.
23. Laboratory muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb: Nws yog hais txog kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev kuaj lub peev xwm los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm cov chaw soj ntsuam.
24. Mutual recognition agreement (MRA): yog hais txog daim ntawv cog lus pom zoo uas tau kos npe los ntawm tsoom fwv los yog cov koom haum ntsuam xyuas kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb thiab kev lees txais cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov koom haum kev soj ntsuam tshwj xeeb hauv qhov kev pom zoo.
03
Terminology hais txog cov khoom pov thawj thiab lub koom haum
1. Cov neeg thov kev pabcuam / cov ntawv pov thawj: txhua yam ntawm cov koom haum tau sau npe nrog lub chaw tswj xyuas kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam thiab tau txais daim ntawv tso cai ua lag luam raws li txoj cai lij choj, suav nrog txhua lub koom haum uas muaj tus cwj pwm raug cai, nrog rau lwm lub koom haum uas raug cai, muaj qee lub koom haum. cov qauv thiab cov khoom, tab sis tsis muaj tus cwj pwm raws li txoj cai, xws li cov tuam txhab lag luam ib leeg, kev koom tes kev lag luam, kev sib koom ua lag luam sib koom ua ke, kev koom tes hauv Suav teb, cov lag luam ua lag luam thiab cov lag luam txawv teb chaws tsis muaj kev cai lij choj, cov ceg tsim thiab tso cai los ntawm cov neeg raug cai. thiab cov lag luam ib leeg. Nco tseg: Tus neeg thov yuav dhau los ua tus neeg muaj ntawv tso cai tom qab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj.
2. Chaw tsim khoom / tus tsim khoom: ib lub koom haum neeg raug cai nyob rau hauv ib lossis ntau qhov chaw ruaj khov uas ua los yog tswj kev tsim, tsim khoom, kev ntsuam xyuas, kev kho thiab khaws cov khoom, kom nws tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua raws li cov khoom lag luam txuas ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom lag luam. cov kev xav tau, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tag nrho hauv cov haujlwm ntawd.
3. Chaw tsim khoom (qhov chaw tsim khoom) / tso siab rau kev tsim khoom lag luam: qhov chaw uas qhov kev sib dhos zaum kawg thiab / lossis kev sim ntawm cov khoom muaj ntawv pov thawj tau ua tiav, thiab cov ntawv pov thawj thiab cov koom haum muab ntawv pov thawj yog siv los ua cov kev pabcuam taug qab rau lawv. Lus Cim: Feem ntau, cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum yog qhov chaw rau kev sib dhos zaum kawg, kev tshuaj xyuas niaj hnub, kev tshuaj xyuas kev pom zoo (yog tias muaj), ntim, thiab kos npe ntawm cov khoom npe thiab daim ntawv pov thawj. Thaum cov txheej txheem saum toj no ntawm cov khoom tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw, ib qho chaw ua tiav nrog rau yam tsawg kawg nkaus, kev tshuaj xyuas kev pom zoo (yog tias muaj), daim ntawv teev npe thiab daim ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum raug xaiv rau kev tshuaj xyuas, thiab txoj cai los tshuaj xyuas ntxiv hauv lwm qhov chaw yuav tsum. yuav tseg.
4. OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) chaw tsim tshuaj paus: ib lub chaw tsim khoom uas tsim cov khoom muaj ntawv pov thawj raws li tus qauv tsim, kev tswj cov txheej txheem ntau lawm thiab kev soj ntsuam raws li cov neeg siv khoom. Nco tseg: Tus neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem yog tus neeg thov lossis tus tsim khoom. Cov chaw tsim khoom OEM tsim cov khoom muaj ntawv pov thawj raws li cov khoom siv ntawm OEM chaw tsim khoom raws li tus qauv tsim, kev tswj cov txheej txheem ntau lawm thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov cai muab los ntawm tus neeg siv khoom. Cov cim lag luam ntawm cov neeg thov sib txawv / cov chaw tsim khoom siv tau. Cov neeg siv khoom sib txawv thiab OEMs yuav raug tshuaj xyuas nyias. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tsis txhob raug tshuaj xyuas ntau zaus, tab sis cov txheej txheem kev tsim khoom thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom yuav tsum raug zam thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom sib xws tsis tuaj yeem raug zam.
5. ODM (Original Design Manufacturer) chaw tsim tshuaj paus: lub Hoobkas tsim, txheej txheem thiab tsim cov khoom tib yam rau ib lossis ntau lub tuam txhab los ntawm kev siv tib yam kev lees paub muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, tib yam khoom tsim, kev tswj cov txheej txheem ntau lawm thiab kev tshuaj xyuas.
6. ODM thawj daim ntawv pov thawj daim ntawv pov thawj tuav: lub koom haum tuav ODM cov khoom pib daim ntawv pov thawj daim ntawv pov thawj. 1.7 Lub koom haum uas tus neeg muag khoom muab cov khoom, qhov chaw thiab cov khoom siv raw rau cov chaw tsim khoom los tsim cov khoom pov thawj. Nco tseg: Thaum thov rau daim ntawv pov thawj, yog tias tus neeg muag khoom yog kev lag luam / muag, cov chaw tsim khoom lossis cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom, cov khoom thiab cov khoom siv raw yuav tsum tau teev tseg.
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Terminology hais txog cov khoom pov thawj thiab lub koom haum
1. Daim ntawv thov tshiab: tag nrho cov ntawv pov thawj tshwj tsis yog hloov daim ntawv thov thiab tshuaj xyuas daim ntawv thov yog daim ntawv thov tshiab.
2. Daim ntawv thov txuas ntxiv: tus neeg thov, cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov chaw tsim khoom tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom, thiab daim ntawv thov kev lees paub ntawm cov khoom tshiab ntawm tib yam. Lus Cim: Cov khoom zoo sib xws yog xa mus rau cov khoom lag luam nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm tib lub Hoobkas txhais cov cai.
3. Daim ntawv thov txuas ntxiv: tus neeg thov, cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov chaw tsim khoom twb tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom, thiab daim ntawv thov kev lees paub ntawm cov khoom tshiab ntawm ntau hom. Nco tseg: Cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom xa mus rau cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib txawv ntawm lub Hoobkas sib txawv.
4. ODM hom daim ntawv thov: daim ntawv thov hauv ODM hom. ODM hom, uas yog, ODM manufacturers tsim, txheej txheem thiab tsim cov khoom rau cov tuam txhab raws li cov lus pom zoo thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv.
5. Hloov daim ntawv thov: daim ntawv thov ua los ntawm tus tuav rau kev hloov cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, lub koom haum thiab tejzaum nws cuam tshuam cov khoom sib xws.
6. Reexamination daim ntawv thov: ua ntej lub sij hawm tas sij hawm ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj, yog hais tias tus tuav yuav tsum tau mus tuav daim ntawv pov thawj, nws yuav tsum tau thov rau cov khoom nrog daim ntawv pov thawj dua. Nco tseg: Daim ntawv thov rov qab xeem yuav tsum xa ua ntej daim ntawv pov thawj tas sij hawm, thiab daim ntawv pov thawj tshiab yuav tsum tau muab ua ntej daim ntawv pov thawj tas sij hawm, txwv tsis pub nws yuav raug suav tias yog daim ntawv thov tshiab.
7. Kev tshuaj xyuas lub Hoobkas tsis zoo: vim lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas ntev lossis lwm yam laj thawj, lub tuam txhab thov rau thiab tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj, tab sis qhov kev xeem ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev lees paub tsis tau ua tiav.
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Terminology ntsig txog kev xeem
1. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom lag luam / cov khoom lag luam: kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom yog hais txog qhov txuas hauv cov khoom pov thawj cov khoom los txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom los ntawm kev sim, suav nrog cov qauv yuav tsum tau ua thiab cov kev ntsuas kev ntsuas. Yam khoom kuaj yog los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom ua tau raws li tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm cov qauv khoom. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom dav dav suav nrog cov khoom lag luam kuaj; Hauv kev nkag siab nqaim, kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom yog hais txog kev sim ua raws li qee qhov kev ntsuas ntawm cov qauv khoom lossis cov qauv yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom. Tam sim no, cov kev ntsuam xyuas raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom kuj txhais tau tias yog cov khoom kuaj hom.
2. Kev soj ntsuam raws sij hawm / txheej txheem kev tshuaj xyuas: Kev tshuaj xyuas niaj hnub yog 100% kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom ntawm cov kab ntau lawm ntawm theem kawg ntawm kev tsim khoom. Feem ntau, tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas, tsis tas yuav tsum ua haujlwm ntxiv tshwj tsis yog kev ntim khoom thiab daim ntawv lo. Nco tseg: Kev tshuaj xyuas niaj hnub tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm txoj kev sib npaug thiab nrawm txiav txim siab tom qab kuaj xyuas.
Cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas yog hais txog kev tshuaj xyuas thawj tsab xov xwm, cov khoom ua tiav ib nrab lossis cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, uas tuaj yeem yog 100% kev tshuaj xyuas lossis kev soj ntsuam kuaj. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem siv tau rau cov khoom siv ua khoom, thiab lo lus "kev soj ntsuam xyuas" feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov qauv sib xws.
3. Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas / kev xa khoom: kev tshuaj xyuas kev lees paub yog kev kuaj xyuas cov qauv los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom txuas ntxiv ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm tus qauv. Kev kuaj pom tseeb yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem teev tseg hauv tus qauv. Nco tseg: Yog tias cov chaw tsim khoom tsis muaj cov cuab yeej kuaj, qhov kev tshuaj xyuas kev pom zoo tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lub chaw kuaj mob uas muaj peev xwm.
Ex-factory tshuaj xyuas yog qhov kawg tshuaj xyuas cov khoom thaum lawv tawm hauv lub hoobkas. Kev tshuaj xyuas tus me nyuam muaj feem xyuam rau cov khoom ua khoom siv. Lo lus "kev tshuaj xyuas kev xa khoom" feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov qauv sib xws. Kev tshuaj xyuas kev xa khoom yuav tsum ua tiav los ntawm lub Hoobkas.
4. Kev ntsuam xyuas raug xaiv: qhov kev sim ua los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom raws li cov khoom xaiv los ntawm tus neeg soj ntsuam raws li cov qauv (lossis cov ntawv pov thawj cov cai) txhawm rau ntsuas cov khoom sib xws.
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Terminology ntsig txog kev tshuaj xyuas lub Hoobkas
1. Kev tshuaj xyuas lub Hoobkas: kev tshuaj xyuas lub Hoobkas muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo thiab ua raws li cov khoom muaj ntawv pov thawj.
2. Kev tshuaj xyuas lub Hoobkas pib: kev tshuaj xyuas lub Hoobkas ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thov rau daim ntawv pov thawj ua ntej tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj.
3. Kev saib xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas tom qab ntawv pov thawj: Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom muaj ntawv pov thawj txuas ntxiv ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawv pov thawj, kev tshuaj xyuas lub Hoobkas tsis tu ncua yog ua rau cov chaw tsim khoom, thiab kev saib xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas feem ntau ua rau lub Hoobkas saib xyuas kev kuaj xyuas cov haujlwm ntawm lub Hoobkas. tib lub sijhawm.
4. Kev saib xyuas thiab kev soj ntsuam ib txwm: kev saib xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas tom qab ntawv pov thawj raws li lub voj voog saib xyuas tau teev tseg hauv cov cai tswjfwm. Feem ntau hu ua kev saib xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas. Kev tshuaj xyuas tuaj yeem ua nrog lossis tsis muaj ntawv ceeb toom ua ntej.
5. Kev tshuaj xyuas lub dav hlau: ib daim ntawv ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ib txwm muaj, uas yog muab cov neeg soj ntsuam xyuas ncaj qha tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom raws li cov kev cai cuam tshuam yam tsis tau ceeb toom rau tus neeg muaj ntawv tso cai / tus neeg tsim khoom ua ntej txhawm rau ua lub Hoobkas saib xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas thiab / lossis lub Hoobkas. kev saib xyuas thiab ua piv txwv ntawm lub tuam txhab muaj ntawv tso cai.
6. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb thiab kev tshuaj xyuas: ib daim ntawv ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab kev soj ntsuam tom qab ntawv pov thawj, uas yog txhawm rau nce qhov zaus ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas thiab / lossis lub Hoobkas saib xyuas thiab kuaj cov qauv rau cov chaw tsim khoom raws li cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj. Lus Cim: Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb thiab kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tuaj yeem hloov kev saib xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas ib txwm muaj.
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Terminology muaj feem xyuam rau kev ntsuam xyuas kev sib haum xeeb
1. Kev ntsuam xyuas: kev tshuaj xyuas / kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov khoom muaj ntawv pov thawj, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom sib xws raws li cov cai ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj.
2. Kev Tshawb Fawb: ua ntej qhov kev txiav txim siab lees paub, lees paub qhov ua tiav, qhov tseeb thiab kev ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau muab rau daim ntawv pov thawj cov khoom, kev soj ntsuam kev ua ub no thiab kev ncua, tshem tawm, tshem tawm thiab rov qab ua daim ntawv pov thawj.
3. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj: txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj, thiab txiav txim siab zaum kawg ntawm seb puas yuav tau txais ntawv pov thawj thiab seb puas yuav pom zoo, tuav, ncua, tshem tawm, tshem tawm thiab rov qab daim ntawv pov thawj.
4. Kev ntsuam xyuas ua ntej: ib feem ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj yog qhov kev lees paub ntawm kev ua tiav, kev ua raws thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muab nyob rau theem kawg ntawm cov khoom pov thawj kev soj ntsuam kev ua haujlwm.
5. Kev ntsuam xyuas rov qab: cov khoom ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj kev txiav txim siab yog txiav txim siab qhov siv tau ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj cov haujlwm thiab txiav txim siab zaum kawg ntawm seb puas yuav tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj thiab seb puas yuav pom zoo, tuav, ncua, tshem tawm, tshem tawm thiab rov qab daim ntawv pov thawj
Post lub sij hawm: Mar-17-2023