Plastic bụ resin sịntetik, nke e ji mmanụ ala mee ma bụrụ nke a na-eto ya dị ka "otu n'ime ihe kachasị mma nke ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ na narị afọ nke 20". Iji “nnukwu ihe a rụpụtara” mee ihe n'ụzọ sara mbara emewo ka ndị mmadụ nwee mmasị dị ukwuu, ma mkpofu plastik ihe mkpofu aghọwo ihe na-enye ihe nile a kpọrọ mmadụ nsogbu na-akpa ogwu. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ si kwuo, naanị 9% nke ihe karịrị ijeri tọn 10 nke plastik mkpofu emepụtara n'ụwa niile kemgbe 1950 ka enwere ike ịmegharị ya. Na-ewere nkwakọ ngwaahịa rọba dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na etinyeghị ihe mgbochi, ịdị arọ nke mkpofu rọba n'oké osimiri ga-akarị nke azụ n'afọ 2050, gbakọọ dabere na oke mkpofu ugbu a. Akụ na ụba ịkwagharị rọba bụ ụzọ dị mkpa iji nweta ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha elu carbon na nnọpụiche carbon, ma bụrụkwa isi ihe pụtara ịkwalite mgbanwe ndụ ndụ nke ọnọdụ mmepe, ime ngwa ngwa owuwu nke sistemu ihe mkpofu, na ịkwalite mkpa gburugburu ebe obibi, ịchekwa na kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na nke dị ala. -mmepe carbon a tụrụ aro na akụkọ nke 20th CPC National Congress. Edemede a na-eme ka ị ghọta ọnọdụ bụ isi nke imegharị plastik mkpofu n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ.
Ihe dị n'ịme ngwa ngwa owuwu nke sistemu eji emegharị ihe eji emegharị plastik
Melite uru akụ na ụba
Dị ka atụmatụ mgbanwe nke United Nations Environment Programme si kwuo, ọnụ ahịa gburugburu ebe obibi nke usoro na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa rọba gburugburu ụwa bụ ihe dị ka ijeri $ 40, na ihe dị ka 95% nke uru ihe nkwakọba plastik na-efunahụ n'ihi otu oge. nke ga-ebute mfu akụ na ụba kpọmkwem nke ijeri $80 ruo ijeri $120 kwa afọ.
2. Belata mmetọ ọcha
Mmetọ unyi rọba ọ bụghị nanị na-emerụ gburugburu ebe obibi, kamakwa na-emerụ ahụ ike mmadụ na anụmanụ. Nchoputa ohuru na-egosi na a na-ahuta irighiri plastik n'ime arịa ọbara mmadu na placenta nke nwanyi di ime. Dabere na akụkọ nke World Wide Fund for Nature wepụtara na 2019, nkezi mmadụ n'ụwa niile na-eri gram 5 nke rọba kwa izu, nke ya na ịdị arọ nke kaadị kredit.
3. Belata mmetọ ikuku carbon
Mgbapụta carbon nke usoro ndụ dum nke 1 ton nke plastik lara n'iyi site na mmepụta ruo n'ọkụ ikpeazụ bụ ihe dị ka tọn 6.8, ngụkọta carbon carbon nke ọkwa ọ bụla nke okirikiri anụ ahụ nke plastik mkpofu bụ tọn 2.9, yana mbelata carbon nke anụ ahụ. okirikiri bụ banyere 3.9 ton; Mkpokọta ikuku carbon nke njikọ nke usoro kemịkalụ ọ bụla bụ tọn 5.2, na mbelata carbon bụ ihe dị ka tọn 1.6.
4. Ịchekwa akụ mmanụ
Site na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke nkà na ụzụ imegharị ihe, a na-atụ anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ recycling nke plastik ga-abawanye site na 30% ruo ihe karịrị 60% na 2060, na-azọpụta 200 nde tọn mmanụ mmanụ, nke ga-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ụkpụrụ nke nnụcha. ụlọ ọrụ.
5. Melite asọmpi ụlọ ọrụ
A ga-atụ ụtụ isi nkwakọ ngwaahịa EU na ụtụ oke carbon n'oge adịghị anya. A na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngwaahịa rọba a na-atụ na China ga-eru ijeri yuan 70 na 2030, ebe a na-atụ anya na uru nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta resin na China ga-abụ ijeri yuan 96 na 2030, na ụtụ isi ga-eru 3/4. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ gbakwunyere akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ihe ejigharịgharị na ngwaahịa rọba, ọ ga-ekwe omume ibelata ma ọ bụ hapụ ụtụ isi, si otú a na-emeziwanye asọmpi na mmetụta ika nke ụlọ ọrụ.
Ntugharị nke plastik mkpofu na China
China bụ mba kachasị n'ichepụta rọba n'ụwa, oriri na mbupụ. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, site n'ịga n'ihu na-emeziwanye ọnọdụ obibi ndụ ndị mmadụ, mmepụta nke plastik mkpofu amụbawokwa kwa afọ. Na 2021, plastik ga-aza 12% nke mkpofu siri ike nke China. N'otu oge ahụ, ka mmata ndị mmadụ na-ahụ maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi ji nke nta nke nta na-arị elu, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke imegharị plastik amụbawokwa nke ọma. Dị ka akụkọ OECD 2020 si kwuo, a na-atụ anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ mweghachi nke plastik mkpofu n'ime usoro ndụ niile ga-abawanye site na 8% na 2019 ruo 14% site na 2060.
Ọtụtụ ndị dike na-agbakọta n'ọhịa nke imegharị kemịkalụ nke plastik mkpofu
Nexus: A na-eme atụmatụ inwe opekata mpe nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ iri na abụọ n'ime afọ ise iji megharịa ihe mkpofu ihe nkiri sitere na ebe dị iche iche site na kemikal.
BASF: BASF tinyere 20 nde euro na Quantafuel, ụlọ ọrụ Norwegian, iji kwalite ma melite usoro nke iji ihe mkpofu plastik agwakọta na-emepụta mmanụ pyrolysis.
SABIC: Imekọ ihe ọnụ nke ọtụtụ ndị otu na-achọ ịbawanye mmepụta nke polymer cyclic gbaara agbapụta enwetara site na plastik mkpofu na isonye na ọrụ mgbake kemịkalụ mmiri.
Total Energy: bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta azụmahịa ogologo oge na Vanheede Environment Group iji weta ngwa ọrụ ndị na-azụ ahịa (PCR)
ExxonMobil: Mgbe mgbasawanye nke ihe ọkụkụ ahụ na Texas, ọ ga-abụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ mkpofu plastik kachasị elu na North America.
Mura: Nkà na ụzụ nwe ụlọ HydroPRS nwere ike ịzere imepụta "carbon" wee bulie mmepụta nke ngwaahịa hydrocarbon.
Dow: Ọ na-achọsi ike ka ya na ndị ahịa guzobe ndị mmekọ azụmahịa iji gbasaa ogo teknụzụ mgbake kemịkal ozugbo enwere ike.
Braskem (onye na-emepụta polyolefin kasị ukwuu na America): A kwadoro na mmepụta nke etiti bara uru dị ka aromatics na monomers dị elu.
Echiche ndị ọkachamara
Plastic okirikiri boosts green mgbanwe nke mmepe mode
Fu Xiangsheng, onye isi oche nke China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation
Kemgbe a mụrụ ya, plastik enyela onyinye dị mkpa maka ọganihu nke mmepeanya mmadụ, karịsịa n'iji dochie ígwè na osisi, nchekwa ike na mbelata ikuku. Mana ugbu a, ọ bụrụla nkwekọrịta zuru ụwa ọnụ iji chịkwaa mmetọ rọba. Akụ na ụba imegharị plastik bụ ihe dị mkpa iji belata mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi rọba.
A na-ekewa akụ na ụba imegharị plastik ka ọ bụrụ okirikiri anụ ahụ na okirikiri kemịkal. Ntugharị anụ ahụ bụ ụzọ bara uru nke ịmegharị plastik mkpofu na cascade. Ntugharị kemịkalụ nwere ike ịghọta nnukwu uru iji plastik mkpofu eme ihe, na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ emeela ihe dị mkpa.
Ụfọdụ na-eji depolymerization ma ọ bụ ụzọ ire ere iji belata plastik mkpofu na monomers na re-polymerize iji ghọta okirikiri kemịkalụ. Aghọtara na ndị mbụ DuPont na Huntsman n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya amụtala "teknụzụ decomposition methanol" iji mebie karama ihe ọṅụṅụ polyester (PET) n'ime methyl terephthalate na ethylene glycol monomers, wee megharịa resin PET ọhụrụ, na-aghọta na mechiri emechi. loop chemical okirikiri.
Ndị ọzọ bụ gas nke plastic mkpofu n'ime syngas ma ọ bụ pyrolysis n'ime ngwaahịa mmanụ, re-njikọ nke kemịkalụ na polymers. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, BASF na-emepe usoro mgbawa ọkụ nke na-agbanwe plastik mkpofu n'ime syngas ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa mmanụ, ma na-eji akụrụngwa a na-emepụta kemịkalụ dị iche iche ma ọ bụ polymers na Ludwigshafen integrated base, na àgwà na-eru ọkwa nri; Eastman ghọtara na mgbake kemịkal nke usoro ihe mkpofu polyester site na teknụzụ nrụpụta polyester, nke nwere ike belata ikuku griin haus site na 20% ~ 30% ma e jiri ya tụnyere usoro ọdịnala; A na-eme atụmatụ itinye ọrụ a n'ọrụ na Septemba 2023 site na iji gasifier akwa na-ekpo ọkụ iji mee ka plastik mkpofu na-adị ọcha na adịghị mfe iji megharịa na imepụta methanol sitere na syngas enwetara. Usoro a nwere ike belata oke ikuku carbon dioxide site na 100000 tọn kwa tọn 60000 nke plastik mkpofu. China Petrochemical Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Science and Industry na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ enwetawokwa arụpụtaghị ihe n'usoro n'imegharị plastik.
Usoro nke kemịkalụ abụghị nsogbu siri ike site na echiche teknụzụ, n'ihi na ọtụtụ mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ na-agbanwe agbanwe: enwere ike ịmegharị ha ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ike ịmegharị ha, na enwere ike depolymerized ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ike polymerized. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nnukwu ihe mgbochi bụ akụ na ụba. Ọ bụ ọnụ ahịa na ọnụahịa. Ya mere, teknuzu ngwọta naanị ezughị, ma ọ dịkwa mkpa nkwalite amụma, yana ndị mmadụ nkwenye na zuru ụwa ọnụ omume.
Mee ngwa ngwa na mgbasa ozi nke teknụzụ mgbake kemịkal
Li Mingfeng, Onye isi oche nke Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology
A na-amata imegharị kemịkalụ nke plastik mkpofu dị ka usoro carbon dị ala, dị ọcha na nke na-adịgide adịgide n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ndị dike kemịkalụ mba ụwa emeela ka nhazi ha dịkwuo elu n'ọhịa nke imegharị plastik. LG, Saudi Basic Industry Corporation, BP na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ a ma ama na mba ụwa emeela nyocha gbasara nrụgharị plastik. N'ime ha, mgbake kemịkal bụ ihe kacha mkpa. N'ihi na mgbake kemịkal na-adabara rọba n'efu agwakọta nwere ọdịnaya adịghị ọcha na enweghị ike nwetaghachi ya, a na-ewere ya dị ka ụzọ mmepe teknụzụ ga-eme n'ọdịnihu. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ bụ naanị 12% nke plastik mkpofu na China ka a na-eji ụzọ anụ ahụ arụgharị, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ usoro kemịkal adịghị, yabụ a ka nwere nnukwu ohere maka mmepe.
Nkwalite nke mgbake kemịkalụ ga-akwadorịrị site na teknụzụ. Teknụzụ pyrolysis plastik na-emebi emebi bụ teknụzụ bụ isi nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ niile ga-eji. Agbanyeghị, mmepe nke teknụzụ pyrolysis n'efu siri ike, n'ihi na enwere ihe karịrị ụdị 200 nke akụrụngwa plastik gụnyere, gụnyere plastik izugbe, rọba pụrụ iche na plastik injinia, nke na-eme ka teknụzụ dị iche iche nke ụlọ ọrụ nchacha na kemịkalụ dị mgbagwoju anya. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ bụ ezie na teknụzụ mgbake kemịkalụ nke plastik mkpofu na China enwetawo mmepe ngwa ngwa, ọ ka nọ n'ọkwa ịgbasa site na obere obere gaa na ngosipụta pilot ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Nghọta ngwa ngwa nke ọganihu teknụzụ chọrọ nyocha na mmepe teknụzụ ka ukwuu yana imekọ ihe ọnụ ka ukwuu.
Na 2021, nke Academy of Petroleum Sciences duziri, nkeji iri na otu, gụnyere Joint Engineering Construction Company, Yanshan Petrochemical, Yangzi Petrochemical, Maoming Petrochemical, China Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Tongji University, Zhejiang Yangtze River Delta Institute of Circular Economy and Technology, tinyere akwụkwọ maka "Industrial Technology Innovation Center for Chemical Recycling of Waste Plastics" nke Petrochemical Federation wee nweta ikike nke ọma. Na nzọụkwụ na-esote, CAS ga-adabere na etiti ahụ iji mepụta mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ- mahadum-nyocha, na-agbalịsi ike ịmepụta nyocha na mmepe maka teknụzụ eji eme ihe dị elu nke ihe mkpofu plastik kwesịrị ekwesị maka ụdị plastik dị iche iche na isi mmalite dị iche iche, ịzụlite. Ntugharị teknụzụ ngbanwe nke plastik n'efu, na-eme nchọpụta mmepe na ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke usoro mgbake plastik ọhụrụ na usoro nchikota teknụzụ dị iche iche, ma mee ka teknụzụ nrụpụta kemịkalụ n'efu rute ọkwa mba ụwa.
Mee ka plastik ihe mkpofu meegharị ihe
Guo Zifang, osote onye isi oche nke Sinopec Beijing Chemical Research Institute
Iji nyere aka nweta ebumnuche nke "carbon okpukpu abụọ", anyị na-agbasi mbọ ike na "ihe a na-emegharị na nke a pụrụ iji mee ihe", ma gbakọọ nke ọma n'ọhịa nke imegharị polymer.
N'ihe gbasara "megharia", ọtụtụ n'ime plastik nkwakọ ngwaahịa na ahịa bụ multi-layer. Plastics ndị a abụghị naanị polyolefins, mana ihe dị iche iche na-agbakwunye ọtụtụ ihe isi ike maka ịmegharị ihe. Iji nweta "megharia", nzọụkwụ dị oke mkpa bụ ịhọrọ otu akụrụngwa iji mepụta nkwakọ ngwaahịa plastik, BOPE (biaxial tensile polyethylene) bụ onye nnọchianya. A na-atụnyere usoro nkwakọ ngwaahịa nke otu a na usoro nkwakọ ngwaahịa ọdịnala nke ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche, Ọ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma maka ịmegharị plastik.
N'ihe gbasara “ejiri eme ihe”, mgbake anụ ahụ na mgbake kemịkal bụ ụzọ abụọ bụ isi eji emegharị plastik mkpofu. Anyị na-agbaso ụkpụrụ nke "iji ụkwụ abụọ na-eje ije" mgbe niile ma na-emepụta ụzọ dị iche iche nke teknụzụ iji hụ na enwere ike iji ihe eji emegharị ihe. N'ihe gbasara mgbake anụ ahụ, anyị na ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum na ụlọ ọrụ ndị a ma ama na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji dozie nsogbu ndị dị mkpa na mpaghara nhazi na-aga n'ihu na iji ihe nkiri plastik emegharịrị, teknụzụ mgbake nke abụọ nke plastik ụgbọ ala, wee nweta nsonaazụ mbụ. N'ihe gbasara mgbake kemịkalụ, anyị ejirila aka anyị mepụta teknụzụ pyrolysis plasma ngwa ndakwa nri, na-eji polymer mkpofu dị ka akụrụngwa maka mgbawa, na mkpụrụ nke triethylene dabara na usoro mgbawa naphtha ọdịnala. N'otu oge ahụ, anyị agbalitela ọrụ nyocha na mmepe n'ọhịa nke mgbawa catalytic, ma lekwasị anya n'inweta mgbake kemịkalụ dị mma nke plastik mkpofu dị iche iche. Anyị emepụtala ihe mgbaze multi-phase, nke nwere ike ịmebata n'ime plastik ndị a na-emegharị iji meziwanye ikike nkekọta nke polymers dị iche iche, na-emepụta ihe na arụmọrụ dị elu na nkwụsi ike, a na-atụkwa anya na ọ ga-aghọta ihe na-adịghị emebi emebi nke plastik ngwakọ, nke nwere ike. etinyere ya na ngwa ụlọ, ihe owuwu, ụgbọ njem na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.
Ntugharị na iji polymer mkpofu eme ihe bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ polymer na-eguzobe na imeziwanye usoro akụ na ụba okirikiri okirikiri obere carbon. N'ọdịnihu, Beijing Institute of Chemical Technology ga-anọgide na-elekwasị anya na mmepe, ngwa, recycling na recycling nke ọhụrụ ihe, na-arụ ọrụ iji melite arụmọrụ na àgwà nke imegharị anụ ahụ, kwalite nnyocha na mmepe na mmepụta nke ọhụrụ chemical recycling technology. nyere aka wulite ụdị ọhụrụ nke akụ na ụba rọba eji emegharị ihe, ma wuo agbụ ụlọ ọrụ mechiri emechi akụ na ụba ndụ ndụ.
Na-aga n'ihu na-emepụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ihe ndị na-emebi gburugburu ebe obibi
Li Renhai, onye nduzi nke mmepụta nchekwa nke Yizheng Chemical Fiber Company na onye isi nke nyocha na mmepe nke ọrụ ihe ndị nwere ike imebi ihe.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, mmepe nke plastik biodegradable ka na-eche ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka ihu. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, e wepụtara akụkọ nyocha banyere nyocha mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na nkwado amụma nke Plastics na-emebi emebi, nke Sinopec na Mahadum Tsinghua jikọrọ aka nyocha ya. Site na nyocha zuru ezu na nyocha, akụkọ nyocha ahụ tụrụ aro maka oge mbụ usoro nyocha nyocha nke plastik na-emebi emebi na mmebi dị ka isi ma e jiri ya tụnyere plastik ọdịnala, wee nyochaa ụzọ enwere ike iji plastik na-emebi emebi sitere na akụkụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Anyị kwenyere na akụkọ nyocha a bụ echiche na-eduzi iji duga mmepe dị elu nke ụlọ ọrụ rọba na-emebi emebi. Akuko nyocha a na-ebute nsogbu ndị dị ka ihe mgbagha n'usoro n'iji ngwaahịa plastik na-eme ihe na-adịghị mma na ọnụ ahịa na-adịghị mma nke iji ngwaahịa plastik na-emepụta ihe n'ọhịa nke isi mmalite ndụ.
Sinopec bụ onye na-emepụta resin sịntetik kasị ukwuu n'ụwa. Ọ na-akwado mmepe akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ mgbe niile ma na-etinye aka na nyocha, mmepe na ngwa nke plastik na-emebi emebi. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ izizi ndị otu na China Mainland. Yizheng Chemical Fiber na-aga n'ihu na-eme nchọpụta na ịmepụta usoro nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, gburugburu ebe obibi, nke a na-emegharịghachi, ihe ndị a na-emegharị na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe site na nchọpụta nkwonkwo na mmepụta ihe, na-ewusi nyocha teknụzụ ike, melite ikike mmepụta, na-agbalịsi ike ịgbasa ihe nkiri ugbo na ahịa ndị ọzọ, nweta ihe dị elu. mmepe na-adigide nke ọma ma na-aga n'ihu na-akwalite mmetụta mmepụta ihe nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke Sinopec's biodegradable material element, "Ecorigin", Na-akwalite mmụba nke ihe ndị nwere ike imebi site na "ngwaahịa" gaa na "ọkọlọtọ" na site na "ngwaahịa" gaa na "ụdị", ma mepụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ọhụrụ na kaadị azụmahịa dị ọcha nke Sinopec.
Oge nzipu: Mar-08-2023