Mgbe Julaị 1, 2006 gachara, European Union nwere ikike ime nyocha ngwa ngwa nke ngwaahịa eletrọnịkị na nke a na-ere n'ahịa. Ozugbo achọpụtara ngwaahịa ekwekọghị n'ihe iwu RoHs chọrọ, European Union nwere ikike iwere usoro ntaramahụhụ dịka nkwusioru nke ire, akara, na nra..
N'ịbụ ndị ọrịa na-efe efe metụtara, mbupụ ngwa ụlọ nke obodo m ruru ọkwa ọhụrụ. Dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke General Administration of Customs wepụtara, na 2021, mbupụ ngwa ngwa China na-ebupụ ruru ijeri US $ 98.72, mmụba kwa afọ nke 22.3%. Ngwa ụlọ abụrụla nke anọ gafere 100 ijeri US dollar mgbe agbagharịchara sekit agbakwunyere, ekwentị mkpanaaka na kọmpụta (gụnyere akwụkwọ ndetu) ngwaahịa nke ngwaahịa elektrọnik (ọnụọgụ sitere na Chamber of Commerce China for Import and Export of Mechanical and Electrical Products). Mkpokọta mbupụ nke ngwaahịa ngwa ụlọ nke obodo m ga-abụ ijeri dollar 118.45 na 2021) Ngwaahịa nwere oke mbupụ.
China bụ otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta ngwa ụlọ. A na-ebupụ ngwa ụlọ gaa na mba (ma ọ bụ mpaghara) karịa 200 na kọntinent isii n'ụwa. Europe na North America bụ isi ahịa ọdịnala maka mbupụ ngwa ụlọ nke obodo m. Mgbe Julaị 1, 2006 gachara, European Union nwere ikike ime nyocha ngwa ngwa nke ngwaahịa eletrọnịkị na nke a na-ere n'ahịa. Ozugbo achọpụtara na ngwaahịa ekwekọghị n'ihe iwu RoHs chọrọ, European Union nwere ikike iwere usoro ntaramahụhụ dịka nkwusioru nke ire, akara, na nra. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na ị rụpụta, ibubata ma ọ bụ kesaa ngwa ahịa nke ntuziaka a kpuchiri, ọdịnaya nke ihe dị ize ndụ na ngwaahịa agaghị agafe ọkwa ikike.
1. Kedu ihe bụ ntuziaka RoHS? Iji kwekọọ n'iwu nke mba ndị otu na mmachi nke iji ihe ndị dị ize ndụ na ngwa eletriki na eletrọnịkị, hazie ụkpụrụ ihe na usoro nke ngwaahịa eletriki na eletrọnịkị, mee ka ha dịkwuo mma maka ahụike mmadụ na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, na inye aka n'efu. ngwa eletriki na eletrọnịkị na-agbaso ihe achọrọ gburugburu ebe obibi maka mwegharị na mkpofu, European Union nyere ntụziaka maka mmachi iji ụfọdụ ihe dị ize ndụ na ngwa eletriki na eletrọnịkị. (2002/95/EC) na Jenụwarị 23, 2003, ya bụ, ntuziaka RoHS chọrọ kamgbe Julaị 1, 2006 kemgbe ahụ, ngwa eletriki na eletrọnịkị niile a na-ere n'ahịa EU ga-amachibido iji ọla dị arọ dị ka lead, mercury. , cadmium, chromium hexavalent, na ire ọkụ dị ka polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) na polybrominated biphenyl. (PBB). Ntuziaka ọhụrụ (2011/65/EU) dochie ya na 2011. Ntuziaka ọhụrụ a malitere na Jenụwarị 3, 2013, ma kagburu iwu mbụ ahụ n'otu oge ahụ. Dị ka usoro iwu ọhụrụ si dị, site na ụbọchị kagbuo ntuziaka mbụ ahụ, ngwaahịa niile dị n'okpuru akara CE ga-emezu ihe achọrọ nke obere voltaji (LVD), ndakọrịta elektrọnik (EMC), ngwaahịa metụtara ike (ErP) yana ntuziaka RoHS ọhụrụ n'otu oge. Iji banye n'ahịa EU, ụlọ ọrụ na-ebupụ ngwa eletriki na ngwa eletrọnịkị na mba dị na EU kwesịrị irube isi n'iwu akọwapụtara nke mba mbupụ.
2. Kedu ihe bụ isi ọdịnaya nke ntuziaka RoHS ọhụrụ? E jiri ya tụnyere ntuziaka RoHS mbụ, ọdịnaya RoHS ọhụrụ emegharịrị na-egosipụta nke ọma n'akụkụ anọ ndị a: Nke mbụ, agbasawanyela oke ngwaahịa a na-achịkwa. Dabere n'ụdị asatọ nke ngwa eletriki na eletrọnịkị nke ntuziaka RoHS izizi na-achịkwa, agbasawanyela ka ọ tinye ngwa ahụike yana ngwa nleba anya. Maka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ngwa eletriki na eletrọnịkị niile, akọwapụtara oge igbu oge dị iche iche maka ụdị ngwaahịa dị iche iche. Nke abụọ, webata usoro nleba anya na mgbakwunye maka ndepụta nke ihe amachibidoro, na-enyocha ma na-emegharị ihe ndị dị ize ndụ na oke ha, ma na-abawanye ihe mgbochi n'ụzọ siri ike karị. Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ ihe ndị amachibidoro, ekwesịrị itinye nlebara anya na nhazi na ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị ihe ndị dị na Annex XIV (Ndepụta ikike SVHC) na mgbakwunye XVI (Ndepụta ihe amachibidoro) nke Iwu REACH, site n'igosi oke nke ihe amachibidoro maka nyocha n'ọdịnihu. . Nyekwuo oge na ntụzịaka maka ụlọ ọrụ achụmnta ego ịhọrọ ihe ndị ọzọ. Nke atọ, dokwuo anya usoro nhapụ, nye oge nfefe dị iche iche maka ụdị ngwaahịa dị iche iche iji gbaa ụlọ ọrụ ume ka ha mepụta usoro ọzọ dị mkpa, ma gbanwee ma melite oge nkwenye ahụ dịka ọnọdụ dị adị. Nke anọ, metụtara akara CE, dị ka iwu iwu RoHS ọhụrụ si dị, ngwa eletriki na eletrọnịkị ga-emerịrị naanị oke oke nke ihe amachiri, kamakwa tinye akara CE tupu etinye ya n'ahịa. Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti ntuziaka RoHS ochie na nke ọhụrụ
3. Gịnị bụ oke ngwaahịa nke ntuziaka RoHS na-achịkwa?
1. Ngwa ụlọ buru ibu: friji, igwe ịsa akwa, oven microwave, ntụ oyi, wdg, gụnyere ụdị ngwaahịa ọhụrụ RoHS ọhụrụ "gas grill", "oghere gas" na "ọkụ gas".
2. Obere ngwa ụlọ: ndị na-ehicha ọkụ, igwe eletrik, igwe na-ehicha ntutu, oven, elekere, wdg.
3. Teknụzụ ozi na akụrụngwa nkwukọrịta: kọmpụta, igwe fax, ekwentị, ekwentị mkpanaaka, wdg.
4. Akụrụngwa onye ọrụ: redio, telivishọn, ihe ndekọ vidiyo, ngwa egwu, wdg, gụnyere ụdị ngwaahịa ọhụrụ RoHS ọhụrụ "arịa nwere ọrụ eletrik", dị ka "akwa akwa akwa" na "na-ebuli oche oche".
5. Ngwa ọkụ: Igwe ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke na-abụghị ọkụ ụlọ, wdg, ngwaọrụ njikwa ọkụ
6. Ngwa eletriki na eletrọnịkị (ma e wezụga nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe): igwe eletriki eletrik, lathes, ịgbado ọkụ, sprayers, wdg.
7. Ihe ụmụaka ji egwuri egwu, ihe ntụrụndụ na akụrụngwa egwuregwu: ụgbọ ala eletrik, igwe egwuregwu vidiyo, igwe ịgba chaa chaa akpaka, wdg, gụnyere ụdị ngwaahịa ọhụrụ RoHS ọhụrụ "ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka nwere obere ọrụ eletriki", dị ka "ịgba bea na-ekwu okwu" na "na-ekwu okwu teddy bears". "Akpụkpọ ụkwụ na-egbuke egbuke".
8. Ngwa ahụike: ngwa ọgwụgwọ radieshon, ihe nleba anya electrocardiogram, ngwa nyocha, wdg.
9. Nleba anya na njikwa ngwaọrụ: ndị na-achọpụta anwụrụ ọkụ, ndị incubators, ụlọ ọrụ nlekota oru na igwe njikwa, wdg.
10. Igwe na-ere ahịa
11. EEE ọ bụla ọzọ na-anọghị n'ime oke nke ụdị ndị a: Na mgbakwunye na "mgbanwe ọkụ" na "akpa eletrik", gụnyere ụdị ngwaahịa ọhụrụ RoHS ọhụrụ "uwe nwere ọrụ eletrik", dị ka "uwe na-ekpo ọkụ" na "na-egbuke egbuke na mmiri" jaket ndụ.
Ngwaahịa nke ntuziaka RoHS na-achịkwa gụnyere ọ bụghị naanị ngwaahịa igwe zuru oke, kamakwa akụrụngwa, akụrụngwa na nkwakọ ngwaahịa ejiri na nrụpụta igwe zuru oke, nke metụtara usoro mmepụta dum.
4. Kedu ihe ndị a chọrọ maka ihe ndị dị ize ndụ na oke ha? Nkeji edemede 4 nke akwụkwọ ntuziaka RoHS ọhụrụ kwuru na mba ndị otu kwesịrị ịhụ na ngwaahịa eletrọnịkị na eletrọnịkị etinyere n'ahịa, gụnyere eriri na ngwa ha maka ịrụzi ma ọ bụ ijigharị, ma ọ bụ imelite ọrụ ha ma ọ bụ ịbawanye ikike ha enweghị ndu (Pb) , Mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), chromium hexavalent (Cr6+), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) na polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) na ndị ọzọ. 6 ihe ndị dị ize ndụ. N'afọ 2015, enyere iwu 2015/863 / EU edegharịrị, na-agbatị ntuziaka RoHS ọhụrụ, mụbaa DEHP (2-ethylhexyl phthalate), BBP (butyl benzyl phthalate), DBP (dibutyl phthalate), DIBP (diisobutyl phthalate) ihe anọ kemịkalụ. akpọ phthalates, dị ka phthalates), abanyela na ndepụta nke ihe mgbochi kemịkalụ. Ka emezigharịrị ntuziaka ahụ, ụdị kemịkalụ dị ize ndụ na ngwa eletriki nke iwu RoHS ọhụrụ na-achịkwa abawanyela na 10:
1. Lead (Pb) Ihe atụ nke ojiji nke ihe a: solder, iko, PVC stabilizers 2. Mercury (Hg) (mercury) Ihe atụ nke ojiji nke ihe a: thermostats, sensọ, switches na relays, ìhè bulbs 3. Cadmium (Cd) ) Ihe atụ nke iji ihe a: mgba ọkụ, isi iyi, njikọ, ụlọ na PCB, kọntaktị, batrị 4. Hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+) Ihe atụ nke iji ihe a: Metal mgbochi corrosion mkpuchi ihe atụ nke ihe a: ọkụ retardants, PCBs, njikọ, plastic ụlọ 6. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) Ihe atụ nke iji ihe a: ọkụ retardants, PCBs. , njikọ, plastic ụlọ ethylhexyl ester) 8. BBP (butyl benzyl) phthalate) 9. DBP (dibutyl phthalate) 10. DIBP (diisobutyl phthalate)
N'otu oge ahụ, ọdịnaya kachasị elu nke ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ na ihe ndị dị n'otu bụ: ndu anaghị agafe 0.1%, mercury adịghị agafe 0.1%, cadmium na-erughị 0.01%, chromium hexavalent na-erughị 0.1%, polybrominated biphenyls na-erughị 0.1%, polybrominated diphenyl. ethers abụghị ihe karịrị 0.1%. Agbakwunyere kemịkalụ ọhụrụ anọ a na-akpọ phthalates na oke nke 0.1% nke ọ bụla.
5. Gịnị bụ nkwenye ngwa usoro?
■ Nzọụkwụ 1. Dejupụta akwụkwọ anamachọihe nke RoHS, nke enwere ike ịnakọta site na RoHS verification center, ma ọ bụ budata na webụsaịtị RoHS verification center, wee laghachi ma emejupụta ya. ■ Nzọụkwụ 2. Nkwupụta: Mgbe ịnyefe ngwa ahụ, onye ahịa na-eziga sample (ma ọ bụ nnyefe ngwa ngwa) na ngalaba nkwenye, na ngalaba nkwenye na-ekewa ihe nlele ahụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi dịka ihe achọrọ, ma weghachi ngwaahịa nkewa nkewa na ego ule na onye ahịa. ■ Nzọụkwụ 3. Mgbe a natachara ụgwọ ahụ, a ga-ahazi ule ahụ. N'ozuzu, a ga-emecha ule ahụ n'ime otu izu. ∎ Nzọụkwụ 4. Bipụta akụkọ ahụ, nke onye ozi, fax, email ma ọ bụ onye nyocha nwere ike ibuga ya n'onwe ya.
6. Ego ole ka asambodo RoHS na-eri? Ọnụahịa ule RoHS ziri ezi chọrọ ụlọ ọrụ ịnye foto ngwaahịa na ụgwọ ihe, dabere na mgbagwoju anya nke ngwaahịa ahụ. Asambodo RoHS dị iche na CCC, UL na asambodo ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ naanị na-eduzi nyocha nyocha kemịkalụ maka ihe nlele, yabụ enweghị nyocha ụlọ nrụpụta. Ọ bụrụ na agbanweghị ngwaahịa ndị ahụ na emelitekwaghị ụkpụrụ ule, a gaghị enwe ụgwọ nsonye ọzọ.
7. Ogologo oge ole ka ọ na-ewe iji mee asambodo ROHS? Ka ọ dị ugbu a, asambodo RoHS na-enyocha ihe 6 nke lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium hexavalent, PBB na PBDE. Ngwaahịa ndị a na-ahụkarị na-achọ maka asambodo ROHS. N'ịkwado na ndị ahịa na-enye ihe nlele na ihe, oge ule RoHS maka ngwaahịa a na-emekarị bụ ihe dị ka ụbọchị 7.
8. Ogologo oge ole ka asambodo ROHS bara? Enweghị oge nkwado iwu kwadoro maka asambodo ROHS. Ọ bụrụ na edegharịghị ọkọlọtọ ule nke asambodo ROHS n'ihu ọha, asambodo ROHS izizi nwere ike ịdị irè ruo ogologo oge.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-09-2022