Na Jenụwarị 2022, nkwekọrịta mmekọrịta akụ na ụba zuru oke mpaghara (RCEP) malitere, na-ekpuchi mba ASEAN 10, China, Japan, South Korea, Australia na New Zealand. Mba 15 ndị ahụ so na-ekpuchi ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị bi n'ụwa, na mkpokọta mbupụ ha ruru ihe dị ka 30% nke mkpokọta ụwa. N'afọ 2021, China bupụrụ ijeri yuan 562.31 nke akwa na uwe na mba ndị otu RCEP, na-aza 27.6% nke ọnụ ahịa mbupụ nke China nke akwa na uwe. Dị ka otu mba si kwuo, n'ime ahịa iri mbupụ nke akwa na uwe China, mba ndị otu RCEP ruru ise, ya bụ Japan, Vietnam, South Korea, Australia na Malaysia, na mbupụ nke yuan 129.51, ijeri yuan 113.78, ijeri 65.02. yuan, ijeri yuan 44.07 na ijeri yuan 41.93 n'otu n'otu, na-aza 6.4%, 5.6%, 3.2%, 2.2% na 2.1% nke ngụkọta mbupụ uru nke akwa na uwe China.
Eserese atụmatụ nke akwa na akwa China na-ebupụ na mba ndị otu RCEP na 2021
Iji mejuputa ihe ndị a chọrọ nke ọma nke "nleba anya na ịmụba usoro ahia ahia nke mba RCEP" na echiche nduzi nke Ministry of Commerce na ngalaba isii ndị ọzọ na mmejuputa dị elu nke nkwekọrịta mmekọrịta akụ na ụba mpaghara zuru oke. (RCEP), ugbu a, anyị na-anakọta ma na-ahazi usoro azụmaahịa teknụzụ nke RCEP textile na uwe, n'ebumnuche inye nduzi maka ụlọ ọrụ akwa na akwa iji zụlite ahịa RCEP.
Japan
01 ikike nchịkwa
Ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mbubata akwa na uwe na Japan bụ nke gụnyere Ministry of Health, Work and Welfare (MHLW), Ministry of Economics, Industry (METI), ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ndị ahịa (CAA) na kọstọm Japan na Ụlọ Ọrụ Tariff. 02 ụkpụrụ teknụzụ na ụkpụrụ
A na-akọwapụta ihe niile achọrọ maka akara mma nke akwa na uwe n'ime iwu akara ngwaahịa ụlọ ① yana ụkpụrụ na akara mma nke akwa ②. Maka nkọwa, hụ JIS L 0001:2014 njirimara nke ịsacha na nrụzi aha nke textiles ③. Iwu maka ịchịkwa ihe ndị dị ize ndụ na isiokwu ụlọ ④ na iwu mmejuputa ya ⑤ na-achịkwa ihe ndị dị ize ndụ na akwa akwa na uwe, ma depụta aha, ngwaahịa ndị dị mkpa na ụzọ nyocha nke ihe ndị dị ize ndụ. Nkọwa nke ụkpụrụ njikwa maka ihe ndị dị ize ndụ n'ime akụkọ ezinụlọ ⑥ na-agbakwunye oke chọrọ. Iwu nchịkwa na ngbanwe akụkụ nke iwu mmanye na nyocha na imepụta ihe kemịkal ⑦ kwuru na amachibidoro ibubata akwa na uwe nwere perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) na nnu ya. Nkeji edemede 8-3 nke iwu nchekwa ọkụ ⑧ na-akọwapụta arụmọrụ ọkụ na akara akara nke ụfọdụ akwa na uwe. Hụ ihe ndị dị mkpa ⑨ nke Association Nchekwa Ọkụ Japan maka nkọwa. Iwu ụgwọ ngwaahịa ⑩ kwuru na onye nrụpụta ga-eburu ibu ọrụ maka ọnwụ, mmerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ mmebi ihe onwunwe kpatara ntụpọ ngwaahịa (dị ka agịga gbajiri agbaji). Na mgbakwunye, ngwaahịa akwa na uwe na-eji ajị anụ ma ọ bụ akpụkpọ anụ kwesịrị imezu ihe achọrọ nke Mgbakọ Washington, ọrụ ịchụ nta maka nchekwa anụ ọhịa, Iwu Nchịkwa Ọrịa na-efe efe anụ ụlọ, yana iwu nchebe ụdị anụ ọhịa dị n'ihe ize ndụ.
03 usoro ntule nkwenye
1. Mgbe a nwalere akwa na uwe ndị a na-ebubata site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ a họpụtara ka ọ kwekọọ na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ JIS nke Japan, a na-etinye akara JIS na ngwaahịa ndị ahụ, na-egosi na ha enwetala asambodo JIS nke Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ụlọ Ọrụ Japan. A na-eji akara ndị a site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri iji gosi na ngwaahịa ahụ kwekọrọ n'ụkpụrụ ngwaahịa JIS; Akara kwekọrọ n'ụkpụrụ teknụzụ nhazi; Ihe ịrịba ama na-akwado ụkpụrụ JIS nke na-akọwapụta akụkụ pụrụ iche dị ka arụmọrụ, nchekwa, wdg.
2. A pụkwara itinye akwa na uwe na akara ntozu afọ ofufo, dị ka SIF mark (akwụkwọ ikike nke ngwaahịa dị elu nke Japan textile quality na Technology Center), akara silk (ngwaahịa nke mba ụwa kwadoro silk textile Association bụ nke 100% silk. Akara hemp (akwụkwọ ozi nke ngwaahịa dị elu nke Japan linen, ramie na jute Textile Manufacturers Association), akara SEK (ngwaahịa ndị Japan gbaara ezi àmà). Associationtù nyocha ọrụ akwa) na akara Q (akwụkwọ asambodo ngwaahịa dị elu nke kọmitii akara Q). 3. Ministri nke akụ na ụba, ahia na ụlọ ọrụ nke Japan na-eduzi nlekọta ahịa site na nlele saịtị na mkpesa ọha na eze, ma ga-agwa onye nrụpụta ma ọ bụ onye na-ebubata ya ka ọ dozie akwa na uwe na-erughị eru ma ọ bụ na-edeghị aha dịka iwu ndị dị n'elu. Ọ bụrụ na onye na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ emezighị n'oge, a ga-ama onye na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ikpe mkpọrọ ogologo oge na-agaghị agafe otu afọ yana nra nke na-erughị 1 nde yen dị ka usoro iwu nhazi ụlọ ọrụ Japan si dị.
04 ndụmọdụ na-ekpo ọkụ
Ụlọ ọrụ na-ebupụ textile na uwe kwesịrị ịṅa ntị na nlekọta nke ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ nke ngwaahịa ezinụlọ na Japan, karịsịa ihe ndị a na-akọwaghị na ụkpụrụ iwu nke akwa akwa na uwe China, dị ka ọkụ retardants, ụmụ ahụhụ, fungicide na ebu ihe àmà finishing mmadụ, perfluorooctanoic. acid (PFOA) na nnu ya. Japan chọrọ ka ọdịnaya formaldehyde nke ngwaahịa ụmụaka na-erubeghị ọnwa 24 kwesịrị ịbụ ihe na-erughị 16mg / kg, nke siri ike karịa ndokwa nke GB 18401 (20mg / kg) na China. E kwesịkwara ịṅa ntị. Na mgbakwunye, Japan nwere ihe siri ike chọrọ maka agịga gbajiri agbaji, na uwe ndị a na-ebubata ga-agafe nyocha nke agịga gbajiri agbaji. A na-atụ aro ka ụlọ ọrụ jiri igwe nyocha agịga mee ka nyocha ahụ sie ike.
Vietnam
01 ikike nchịkwa
Edebere ụkpụrụ nchekwa akwa na uwe nke Vietnam site na General Administration of standards, metrology and quality (stameq) n'okpuru Ministry of Science and Technology, nke na-ahụ maka nhazi nhazi, metrology, nrụpụta na njikwa mma. Ministri nke ụlọ ọrụ na azụmaahịa na-ahụ maka nchekwa nchekwa nke akwa na uwe. Ngalaba sayensị na teknụzụ dị n'okpuru Ministri na-ahụ maka inyocha na nyochaa faịlụ ndebanye aha azụmahịa nke asambodo, nyocha na ụlọ ọrụ nnwale, yana ngalaba njikwa ahịa zuru oke n'okpuru Ministrylọ Ọrụ na-ahụ maka ịhazi na iduzi ngalaba njikwa ahịa nke mpaghara na obodo ozugbo. n'okpuru ọchịchị etiti inyocha, jikwaa na ime ihe megidere mmebi nke ụkpụrụ ịdịmma ngwaahịa na ngwa ahịa. Ndị kọstọm ga-ahapụrịrị akwa na uwe ebubata.
02 ụkpụrụ teknụzụ na ụkpụrụ
Usoro teknụzụ textile na uwe nke Vietnam bụ qcvn: 01 / 2017 / BCT ụkpụrụ teknụzụ mba na ọdịnaya nke formaldehyde na azo dyes nke nwere ike decompose n'ime aromatic amines na textiles (iwu nyere 21 / 2017 / tt-bct ⑪ na sochirinụ mmezi2010 / 07). /tt-bct ⑫ na 20/ 2018 / tt-bct ⑬). Iwu nrịbama ngwa ahịa ⑭ ezipụta ihe achọrọ maka ngwa ahịa ere na Vietnam. A ga-ederịrị akara n'asụsụ Vietnamese, gụnyere ihe mejupụtara eriri, nkọwa teknụzụ, ozi ịdọ aka ná ntị, ntuziaka ojiji na nchekwa, afọ mmepụta, wdg.
03 usoro ntule nkwenye
1. Ngwaahịa na ngwa ahịa ndị a na-ere n'ahịa Vietnamese ga-agbaso usoro nke qcvn: 01 / 2017 / BCT ụkpụrụ teknụzụ mba na ọdịnaya nke formaldehyde na azo dyes nke nwere ike decompose n'ime aromatic amines na textiles; N'ikwekọ na ọkwa nke 28 / 2012 / tt-bkhcn ⑮ na ọkwa nke 02 / 2017 / tt-bkhcn ⑯ nke Ministry of Science and Technology, a ga-ebipụta akara nkwenye (CR mark). 2. Mbubata na mbupụ kọstọm na Vietnam chọrọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche akọwapụtara na 38 / 2015 / tt-btc ⑰, 39 / 2018 / tt-btc ⑱, 60 / 2019 / tt-btc ⑲ na 06 / 2021 / tt-btc . Jenụwarị 22, 2021. Ọzọkwa, n'ihi mmejuputa iwu omenala ọhụrụ, a ga-emerịrị iwu omenala eletrọnịkị na ụkpụrụ.
04 ndụmọdụ na-ekpo ọkụ
Mgbochi na ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ na akwa akwa na uwe na Vietnam dị jụụ karịa nke dị na China. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe ndị a chọrọ maka formaldehyde na isiokwu maka ụmụ ọhụrụ na ụmụaka na-erubeghị ọnwa 36 abụghị ihe karịrị 30mg / kg (20mg / kg na China), na 22 azo bekee abụghị ihe karịrị 30mg / kg (24 azo bekee abụghị ihe karịrị 30 mg / kg). karịa 20mg / kg na China). Mbupụ na Vietnam ga-elekwasị anya na ihe achọrọ nke qcvn: 01 / 2017 / BCT ụkpụrụ teknụzụ mba na ọdịnaya nke formaldehyde na azo dyes nke nwere ike ire ere n'ime amines aromatic na textiles, dị ka akara nkwekọ na nkwupụta nkwenye.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-22-2022