Ọ bụrụ na ngwaahịa chọrọ ịbanye n'ahịa a na-achọsi ike ma nwee ọ enjoyụ asọmpi, otu n'ime igodo bụ ma ọ nwere ike nweta akara asambodo nke ụlọ ọrụ asambodo mba ụwa. Agbanyeghị, asambodo na ụkpụrụ achọrọ nke ahịa dị iche iche na ụdị ngwaahịa dị iche iche dị iche iche. O siri ike ịmata asambodo niile n'ime obere oge. Onye nchịkọta akụkọ ewepụtala asambodo na ụlọ ọrụ mbupụ iri na atọ a na-ejikarị maka ndị enyi anyị. Ka anyị mụọ ọnụ.
1, CE
CE (Conformite Europeenne) na-anọchite anya ịdị n'otu Europe. Akara CE bụ akara asambodo nchekwa yana a na-ahụta ya dị ka paspọtụ maka ndị nrụpụta imeghe ma banye n'ahịa Europe. Enwere ike ree ngwaahịa niile nwere akara CE na mba ndị otu European na-emezughị ihe obodo ọ bụla chọrọ, yabụ na-achọpụta mgbasa nke ngwaahịa n'efu na mba ndị otu EU.
N'ahịa EU, akara CE bụ asambodo iwu. Ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ dị n'ime EU mepụtara ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa sitere na mba ndị ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na a ga-ekesa ya n'efu n'ahịa EU, a ga-etinye akara CE iji gosi na ngwaahịa ahụ kwekọrọ n'usoro "Nhazi nka nka" nke EU. . Ihe ndị bụ isi chọrọ nke New Approach to Standardization Directive. Nke a bụ iwu amanyere iwu maka ngwaahịa n'okpuru iwu EU.
Ngwaahịa ndị a kwesịrị ka akara CE:
• Ngwaahịa eletrik
• Ngwaahịa eji arụ ọrụ
• Ngwaahịa ụmụaka egwuri egwu
• akụrụngwa ọdụ redio na nkwukọrịta
• Ngwa ngwa nju oyi na oyi
• Akụrụngwa nchedo onwe onye
• Ụgbọ nrụgide dị mfe
• Igwe ọkụ mmiri ọkụ
• Akụrụngwa nrụgide
• Ụgbọ mmiri obi ụtọ
• Ngwaahịa ihe owuwu
• Ngwa ahụike nyocha in vitro
• Ngwa ahụike enwere ike ịkụnye
• Ngwa eletriki ahụike
• akụrụngwa na-ebuli elu
• Akụrụngwa gas
• Ngwa ihe atụ na-abụghị nke akpaaka
Mara: A naghị anabata akara CE na USA, Canada, Japan, Singapore, Korea, wdg.
2, RoHS
Aha zuru oke nke RoHS bụ mmachibido iji ụfọdụ ihe dị ize ndụ na ngwa eletrọnịkị na ngwa eletrọnịkị, ya bụ, ntuziaka maka mmachibido iji ụfọdụ ihe dị ize ndụ na ngwa elektrọn na ngwa eletriki, nke a makwaara dị ka 2002/95/ Ntuziaka EC. N'afọ 2005, EU gbakwunyere 2002/95/EC n'ụdị Mkpebi 2005/618/EC, nke gosipụtara n'ụzọ doro anya lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), polybrominated Oke oke maka Ihe isii dị ize ndụ, diphenyl ether (PBDE) na polybrominated biphenyls (PBB).
RoHS lekwasịrị anya ngwaahịa eletrọnịkị na eletrọnịkị niile nwere ike ịnwe ihe isii dị ize ndụ dị n'elu akụrụngwa na usoro mmepụta, ọkachasị gụnyere: ngwaahịa ọcha (dị ka friji, igwe ịsa akwa, oven microwave, ntụ oyi, ihe na-ekpo ọkụ, igwe ọkụ, wdg. ), Ngwa ụlọ ojii (dị ka ngwaahịa ọdịyo na vidiyo), DVD, CD, ndị na-anabata TV, ngwaahịa IT, ngwaahịa dijitalụ, ngwaahịa nzikọrịta ozi, wdg), ngwa ike, ihe egwuregwu elektrọnịk na ngwa eletriki ahụike, wdg.
3, UL
UL dị mkpụmkpụ maka Underwriter Laboratories Inc. na Bekee. Laboratory Safety UL bụ nke kacha nwee ikike na United States yana otu ọgbakọ na-abụghị nke gọọmentị na-etinye aka na nyocha nchekwa na njirimara n'ụwa.
Ọ na-eji usoro nyocha sayensị nyocha ma chọpụta ma ihe dị iche iche, ngwaọrụ, ngwaahịa, akụrụngwa, ụlọ, wdg na-emerụ ndụ na ihe onwunwe na ogo nke mmerụ ahụ; chọpụta, dee, ma wepụta ụkpụrụ kwekọrọ ma nyere aka belata ma gbochie mmerụ ahụ na-eyi ndụ egwu. Ozi gbasara mmebi ihe onwunwe, ma na-eme azụmahịa nchọpụta eziokwu.
Na nkenke, ọ na-etinyekarị aka na asambodo nchekwa ngwaahịa yana azụmahịa asambodo nchekwa na-arụ ọrụ, yana ebumnuche ya kachasị bụ inweta ngwaahịa nwere oke nchekwa maka ahịa, yana itinye aka na mmesi obi ike nke ahụike na akụrụngwa. N'ihe gbasara asambodo nchekwa ngwaahịa bụ ụzọ dị irè iji kpochapụ ihe mgbochi teknụzụ na azụmahịa mba ụwa, UL na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwalite mmepe nke ahia mba ụwa.
4, CCC
Aha zuru oke nke CCC bụ Asambodo Amanye nke China, nke bụ nkwa WTO nke China ma gosipụta ụkpụrụ nke ọgwụgwọ mba. Obodo a na-eji asambodo ngwaahịa mmanye maka ngwaahịa 149 na ngalaba 22. Aha nke ọhụrụ mba asambodo mmanye bụ "China Amanye Asambodo". Mgbe emechara akara asambodo mmanye nke China, ọ ga-eji nwayọ dochie akara mbụ “Great Wall” na akara “CCIB”.
5, GS
Aha zuru oke nke GS bụ Geprufte Sicherheit (nkwado nchekwa), nke bụ akara asambodo nchekwa nke TÜV, VDE na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ nyere ikike site n'aka ndị ọrụ gọọmentị German. Akara GS bụ akara nchekwa nke ndị ahịa nọ na Europe nabatara. Na-emekarị ngwaahịa GS gbaara agbaziri na-ere na ọnụ ahịa otu dị elu ma na-ewu ewu karịa.
Asambodo GS nwere ihe ndị siri ike chọrọ na sistemu mmesi obi ike nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, a ga-enyocharịrị ma nyochaa ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kwa afọ:
• A na-achọrọ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe iji guzobe usoro mmesi obi ike nke ya dịka ọkọlọtọ usoro ISO9000 mgbe ọ na-ebufe na nnukwu. Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ga-enwerịrị opekata mpe usoro njikwa mma nke ya, ihe ndekọ dị mma na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ na ikike mmepụta na nyocha zuru oke;
• Tupu ịnye akwụkwọ GS, a ga-enyocha ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ na akwụkwọ GS ga-enye naanị mgbe ị gafechara nyocha ahụ;
• Mgbe e nyechara asambodo ahụ, a ga-enyocha ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ọbụlagodi otu ugboro n'afọ. N'agbanyeghị akara TUV ole ụlọ ọrụ na-etinye maka ya, nyocha ụlọ ọrụ ahụ chọrọ naanị 1 oge.
Ngwaahịa ndị chọrọ itinye akwụkwọ maka asambodo GS bụ:
• Ngwa ụlọ dị ka friji, igwe ịsa akwa, arịa kichin, wdg;
• Igwe ụlọ;
• Akụrụngwa egwuregwu;
• Akụrụngwa eletrọnịkị ụlọ dị ka akụrụngwa ọdịyo-ọhụụ;
• Akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ eletriki na eletrọnịkị dịka igwe nbibi, igwe fax, shredders, kọmpụta, ngwa nbipute, wdg;
• Igwe mmepụta ihe, akụrụngwa nleba anya;
• Ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ metụtara nchekwa dịka igwe igwe, okpu agha, ubube, arịa ụlọ, wdg.
6, PSE
Asambodo PSE (Nchekwa Ngwaahịa nke Ngwa Eletriki & Akụrụngwa) (nke a na-akpọ “nyocha nleba anya” na Japan) bụ usoro nnabata ahịa amanyere iwu maka ngwa eletriki na Japan, ma bụrụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke Iwu nchekwa ngwa eletrik na akụrụngwa Japan. . Ka ọ dị ugbu a, gọọmentị Japan kewara ngwa eletrik n'ime "ngwa eletrik a kapịrị ọnụ" na "ngwa eletrik na-abụghị nke a kapịrị ọnụ" dị ka "Iwu Nchekwa Ngwa eletriki" nke Japan, nke "ngwaọrụ ọkụ eletrik dị iche iche" gụnyere ngwaahịa 115; Ngwa eletrik anaghị akọwapụta ya gụnyere ngwaahịa 338.
PSE gụnyere ihe achọrọ maka ma EMC na nchekwa. Ngwaahịa niile dị na katalọgụ “ Ngwa elektrọnik akọwapụtara nke ọma na akụrụngwa” na-abanye n'ahịa Japan ga-enwerịrị asambodo site na ụlọ ọrụ asambodo nke atọ nke Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan nyere ikike, nweta asambodo asambodo ma nwee diamond- kpụrụ PSE akara na labelụ.
CQC bụ naanị otu asambodo na China tinyegoro maka ikike nke asambodo PSE Japanese. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụdị ngwaahịa nke asambodo ngwaahịa PSE Japanese nwetara site na CQC bụ ụdị atọ: waya na eriri (gụnyere ụdị ngwaahịa 20), ngwa wiring (ngwa eletrik, ngwa ọkụ, wdg, gụnyere ụdị ngwaahịa 38), eletriki. Igwe na ngwa ngwa ngwa ike ( Ngwa ụlọ, gụnyere ngwaahịa 12), wdg.
7, FCC
FCC (Federal Communications Commission), Federal Communications Commission nke United States, na-ahazi nkwukọrịta ụlọ na nke mba ụwa site na ịchịkwa mgbasa ozi redio, telivishọn, nkwukọrịta, satịlaịtị, na eriri. Na-ekpuchi ihe karịrị steeti US 50, Columbia, na ókèala US. Ọtụtụ ngwaahịa ngwa redio, ngwaahịa nkwukọrịta na ngwaahịa dijitalụ chọrọ nnabata FCC iji banye n'ahịa US.
A na-akpọkwa asambodo FCC dị ka Asambodo Nkwukọrịta Federal US. Gụnyere kọmputa, igwe fax, ngwa eletrọnịkị, ngwa nnabata redio na akụrụngwa mgbasa ozi, ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka ejiri redio na-achịkwa, ekwentị, kọmpụta nkeonwe na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ nwere ike imebi nchekwa onwe onye. Ọ bụrụ na a ga-ebupụ ngwaahịa ndị a na United States, ụlọ nyocha gọọmentị nyere ikike ka enyocha ya ma kwado ya dịka ụkpụrụ teknụzụ FCC siri dị. Achọrọ ndị na-ebubata na ndị ọrụ kọstọm ka ha kwuwapụta na ngwaọrụ redio ọ bụla na-akwado ụkpụrụ FCC, nke a maara dị ka ikike FCC.
8, SAA
Asambodo SAA bụ otu ụkpụrụ Australia ma bụrụkwa ndị otu Standards Association of Australian kwadoro ya, nke pụtara na ngwaahịa eletriki niile na-abanye n'ahịa Australia ga-agbasorịrị ụkpụrụ nchekwa obodo. N'ihi nkwekọrịta nnabata n'etiti Australia na New Zealand, ngwaahịa niile nke Australia kwadoro nwere ike ịbanye n'ahịa New Zealand maka ire ere. Ngwaahịa eletrik niile dị n'okpuru asambodo SAA.
Enwere ụdị isi abụọ nke akara SAA, otu bụ nkwado iwu na nke ọzọ bụ akara ọkọlọtọ. Asambodo izizi bụ naanị maka nlele, yana akara ọkọlọtọ dabere na nyocha ụlọ nrụpụta. Ugbu a, enwere ụzọ abụọ iji tinye akwụkwọ maka asambodo SAA na China. Otu bụ ịnyefe site na akụkọ nyocha CB. Ọ bụrụ na enweghị mkpesa ule CB, ị nwekwara ike itinye akwụkwọ ozugbo.
9, SASO
SASO bụ mbiri nke English Saudi Arabian Standards Organisation, ya bụ, Saudi Arabian Standards Organisation. SASO na-ahụ maka ịmepụta ụkpụrụ mba maka ihe niile dị mkpa na ngwaahịa kwa ụbọchị, ụkpụrụ ndị ahụ gụnyekwara usoro nha, akara, wdg. Nke a bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ kesara ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ azụmaahịa mba ofesi gara aga. Pịa akụkọ iji lelee: Oké ifufe mgbochi nrụrụ aka nke Saudi Arabia, kedu ihe jikọrọ ya na ndị ahịa mba ofesi anyị?
10, ISO9000
Ezinụlọ ọkọlọtọ ISO9000 wepụtara site na International Organisation for Standardization (ISO), na mmejuputa iwu ezinụlọ GB/T19000-ISO9000 nke ụkpụrụ na asambodo mma aghọwo isiokwu na-ekpo ọkụ na gburugburu akụ na ụba na azụmahịa. N'ezie, asambodo dị mma nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ bụkwa ngwaahịa nke akụ na ụba ahịa. Asambodo dị mma bụ paspọtụ maka ngwa ahịa iji banye n'ahịa mba ụwa. Taa, ezinụlọ ISO9000 nke usoro ịdị mma ọkọlọtọ aghọwo otu n'ime isi ihe na-enweghị ike ileghara anya na ahia mba ụwa.
11, VDE
Aha zuru oke nke VDE bụ VDE Testing and Certification Institute, nke bụ German Association of Electrical Engineers. Ọ bụ otu n'ime asambodo ule na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha kacha nwee ahụmahụ na Europe. Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na asambodo nchekwa nke mba ụwa nabatara maka ngwa eletrọnịkị na akụrụngwa ha, VDE nwere aha dị elu na Europe na ọbụna mba ụwa. Usoro ngwaahịa ọ na-enyocha gụnyere ngwa eletriki maka ụlọ na azụmahịa, akụrụngwa IT, ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na nkà na ụzụ ọgwụ, ihe mgbakọ na ihe eletrọnịkị, waya na eriri, wdg.
12, CSA
CSA bụ mbiri nke Canadian Standards Association (Canadian Standards Association). CSA bụ ụlọ asambodo nchekwa kachasị na Canada yana otu n'ime ụlọ asambodo nchekwa ama ama n'ụwa. Ọ na-enye asambodo nchekwa maka ụdị ngwaahịa niile dị na igwe, ihe ụlọ, ngwa eletriki, akụrụngwa kọmputa, akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ, nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, nchekwa ọkụ ahụike, egwuregwu na ntụrụndụ.
Usoro ngwaahịa nke CSA gbagoro agbago lekwasịrị anya na mpaghara asatọ:
1. Ịlanarị mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere ahụike na nchekwa ọrụ, nchekwa ọha, nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi nke egwuregwu na ihe ntụrụndụ, na nkà na ụzụ nlekọta ahụike.
2. Eletrọnịkị na eletrọnịkị, gụnyere ụkpụrụ na ntinye nke ngwa eletriki n'ime ụlọ, ngwaahịa eletriki na eletrik dị iche iche na azụmahịa.
3. Nzikọrịta ozi na ozi, gụnyere sistemu nhazi ebe obibi, nkwukọrịta na teknụzụ nnyonye anya electromagnetic na akụrụngwa.
4. Ihe owuwu ụlọ, gụnyere ihe owuwu ụlọ na ngwaahịa, ngwaahịa obodo, ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe, ihe owuwu masonry, ọkpọkọ ọkpọkọ na nhazi ụlọ.
5. Ike, gụnyere ume ọhụrụ na mbufe, ọkụ ọkụ, ngwá ọrụ nchekwa na nkà na ụzụ ike nuklia.
6. Usoro ụgbọ njem na nkesa, gụnyere nchekwa ụgbọ ala, mmanụ na mmanụ gas, njikwa ihe na nkesa, na ihe ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ.
7. Nkà na ụzụ ihe, gụnyere ịgbado ọkụ na metallurgy.
8. Azụmahịa na usoro njikwa mmepụta ihe, gụnyere njikwa mma na injinia bụ isi.
13, TÜV
TÜV (Technischer überwachüngs-Verein) pụtara Association nyocha nka nka na bekee. Akara TÜV bụ akara asambodo nchekwa nke German TÜV mere nke ọma maka ngwaahịa akụrụngwa ma nabata ya na Germany na Europe.
Mgbe ụlọ ọrụ tinyere akwụkwọ maka akara TÜV, ọ nwere ike itinye akwụkwọ maka asambodo CB ọnụ, wee nweta asambodo sitere na mba ndị ọzọ site na ntụgharị. Na mgbakwunye, mgbe ngwaahịa ndị ahụ gafechara asambodo ahụ, TÜV Germany ga-akwado ngwaahịa ndị a na ndị na-emepụta ihe na-abịa na-elele ndị na-eweta akụrụngwa ruru eru; N'oge usoro asambodo igwe niile, enwere ike wepu ihe niile nwetara akara TÜV na nyocha.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-06-2022