Pulasitiki ndi utomoni wopangira, womwe umapangidwa ndi petroleum ndipo watamandidwa ngati "chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zomwe anthu adatulukira m'zaka za zana la 20". Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa “chipangidwe chachikulu” chimenechi kwadzetsa chitonthozo chachikulu kwa anthu, koma kutaya zinyalala zapulasitiki kwakhala vuto lalikulu kwa anthu onse. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, ndi 9% yokha mwa matani opitilira 10 biliyoni a zinyalala zopangidwa padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira m'ma 1950 zomwe zitha kubwezeretsedwanso. Kutengera mwachitsanzo, ngati palibe zoletsa, kulemera kwa zinyalala za pulasitiki m'nyanja kudzaposa nsomba ndi 2050, kuwerengeredwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe zilipo. Chuma chobwezeretsanso pulasitiki ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopezera nsonga ya carbon ndi kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni, komanso ndilo tanthauzo lalikulu la kufulumizitsa kusintha kobiriwira kwa chitukuko, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yomanganso zinyalala, ndikulimbikitsa chilengedwe, kupulumutsa ndi kuzama, zobiriwira ndi zotsika. -Kukula kwa kaboni komwe kuperekedwa mu lipoti la 20th CPC National Congress. Nkhaniyi imakupangitsani kuti mumvetsetse momwe zinyalala zobwezeretsanso pulasitiki kunyumba ndi kunja.
Kufunika kofulumizitsa ntchito yomanganso zinyalala zamapulasitiki
Limbikitsani mapindu azachuma
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosasamala kwa bungwe la United Nations Environment Programme, mtengo wachilengedwe wa kusayenda bwino kwa ma CD apulasitiki padziko lonse lapansi ndi pafupifupi $ 40 biliyoni, ndipo pafupifupi 95% ya mtengo wazinthu zopangira mapulasitiki zimawonongeka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kamodzi, zomwe zidzawononge chuma chachindunji cha $ 80 biliyoni mpaka $ 120 biliyoni pachaka.
2. Kuchepetsa kuipitsa koyera
Kuipitsa zinyalala za pulasitiki sikungowononga chilengedwe, komanso kumawononga thanzi la anthu ndi nyama. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta pulasitiki timapezeka m'mitsempha yamagazi amunthu ndi placenta ya amayi apakati. Malinga ndi lipoti lotulutsidwa ndi World Wide Fund for Nature mu 2019, munthu wamba padziko lonse lapansi amadya 5 magalamu apulasitiki pa sabata, zomwe zimafanana ndi kulemera kwa kirediti kadi.
3. Kuchepetsa kuwononga mpweya wa carbon
Mpweya wa kaboni wamoyo wonse wa 1 tani ya zinyalala zamapulasitiki kuchokera pakupanga mpaka kuyaka komaliza ndi pafupifupi matani 6.8, kutulutsa mpweya wonse pagawo lililonse la zinyalala zamapulasitiki ndi matani 2.9, ndikuchepetsa kwathunthu kwa kaboni wakuthupi. kuzungulira kuli pafupifupi matani 3.9; Mpweya wonse wa carbon paulu uliwonse wa mankhwalawa ndi matani 5.2, ndipo kuchepetsa mpweya ndi pafupifupi matani 1.6.
4. Kupulumutsa mafuta
Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwaukadaulo wobwezeretsanso, zikuyembekezeka kuti kuchuluka kwa mapulasitiki obwezeretsanso kudzakwera kuchoka pa 30% kupita ku 60% mu 2060, kupulumutsa matani 200 miliyoni amafuta, zomwe zidzakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe a kuyenga. makampani.
5. Kupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wamabizinesi
Misonkho yonyamula katundu ya EU ndi msonkho wa malire a kaboni udzaperekedwa posachedwa. Akuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu zapulasitiki zomwe zimaperekedwa ku China zidzafika 70 biliyoni mu 2030, pomwe phindu lamakampani opanga utomoni ku China likuyembekezeka kukhala 96 biliyoni pofika 2030, ndipo kuchuluka kwa msonkho kudzafika 3/4. Komabe, ngati mabizinesi awonjezera gawo lina lazinthu zobwezerezedwanso kuzinthu zapulasitiki, zitha kuchepetsa kapena kumasula misonkho, motero kumapangitsa kuti mabizinesi azitha kupikisana nawo.
Kubwezeretsanso zinyalala zamapulasitiki ku China
China ndi dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lopanga pulasitiki, kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kutumiza kunja. M’zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwa moyo wa anthu, kutulutsa zinyalala zapulasitiki kwawonjezerekanso chaka ndi chaka. Mu 2021, mapulasitiki adzakhala 12% ya zinyalala zolimba zaku China. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamene kuzindikira kwa anthu za chitetezo cha chilengedwe kwawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, chiwerengero cha kubwezeretsanso pulasitiki chawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Malinga ndi lipoti la OECD 2020, zikuyembekezeka kuti kuchuluka kwa zobwezeretsanso zinyalala m'moyo wonse zikwera kuchoka pa 8% mu 2019 mpaka 14% pofika 2060.
Zimphona zambiri zimasonkhana m'munda wobwezeretsanso mapulasitiki a zinyalala
Nexus: Akukonzekera kukhala ndi mafakitale akuluakulu 12 m'zaka zisanu kuti abwezeretse zinyalala zamakanema kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
BASF: BASF idayika ndalama zokwana mayuro 20 miliyoni ku Quantafuel, kampani yaku Norwegian, kuti ipititse patsogolo ndikuwongolera njira yogwiritsira ntchito zinyalala zapulasitiki zosakanikirana kupanga mafuta a pyrolysis.
SABIC: Mgwirizano wamagulu angapo omwe cholinga chake ndi kukulitsa kupanga ma polima ovomerezeka opangidwa ndi ma cyclic ochotsedwa ku zinyalala zamapulasitiki ndikuchita nawo ntchito yobwezeretsa mankhwala apulasitiki apanyanja.
Total Energy: adasaina pangano lanthawi yayitali lazamalonda ndi Vanheede Environment Group kuti apereke zida zopangira zinthu zakale (PCR)
ExxonMobil: Pambuyo pakukula kwa mbewu ku Texas, ikhala imodzi mwamalo akulu kwambiri obwezeretsa zinyalala zapulasitiki ku North America.
Mura: Ukadaulo wa eni ake HydroPRS ungapewe kupanga "carbon" ndikukulitsa kupanga zinthu za hydrocarbon.
Dow: Ikufunitsitsa kukhazikitsa mabizinesi ndi makasitomala kuti ikulitse kukula kwaukadaulo wobwezeretsa mankhwala posachedwa.
Braskem (wopanga polyolefin wamkulu kwambiri ku America): Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kupanga zapakati zamtengo wapatali monga aromatics ndi monomers ndikokwera.
Malingaliro a Katswiri
Kuzungulira kwa pulasitiki kumathandizira kusintha kobiriwira kwachitukuko
Fu Xiangsheng, Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation
Chiyambireni kubadwa kwake, mapulasitiki athandizira kwambiri pakupita patsogolo kwa chitukuko cha anthu, makamaka m'malo mwa chitsulo ndi nkhuni, kuteteza mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi. Koma tsopano, zakhala mgwirizano wapadziko lonse woletsa kuwononga pulasitiki. Chuma chobwezeretsanso pulasitiki ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe cha pulasitiki.
Pulasitiki yobwezeretsanso chuma imagawidwa m'zinthu zozungulira komanso kuzungulira kwamankhwala. Kubwezeretsanso thupi ndi njira yothandiza yobwezeretsanso zinyalala zamapulasitiki mu cascade. Kubwezeretsanso kwamankhwala kumatha kuzindikira kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kwamtengo wapatali kwa zinyalala zamapulasitiki, ndipo mabizinesi ambiri kunyumba ndi kunja achita bwino kwambiri.
Ena amagwiritsa ntchito depolymerization kapena njira zowola kuti achepetse zinyalala zamapulasitiki kukhala ma monomers ndikukonzanso polima kuti azindikire kuzungulira kwamankhwala. Zikumveka kuti DuPont ndi Huntsman wakale kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa adadziwa "ukadaulo wowola wa methanol" kuti awole mabotolo akumwa a polyester (PET) kukhala ma methyl terephthalate ndi ethylene glycol monomers, ndikukonzanso utomoni watsopano wa PET, pozindikira kutsekedwa- kuzungulira kwa mankhwala.
Zina ndikutulutsa zinyalala zamapulasitiki kukhala ma syngas kapena pyrolysis kukhala zinthu zamafuta, kuphatikizanso mankhwala ndi ma polima. Mwachitsanzo, BASF ikupanga njira yowonongeka yotentha yomwe imatembenuza zinyalala zapulasitiki kukhala syngas kapena mafuta opangira mafuta, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizozi kuti apange mankhwala osiyanasiyana kapena ma polima mu Ludwigshafen Integrated base, ndi khalidwe lofikira chakudya; Eastman amazindikira kuchira kwamankhwala kwa zinyalala za pulasitiki za polyester kudzera muukadaulo wa polyester regeneration, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndi 20% ~ 30% poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe; Ntchitoyi ikukonzekera kuti iyambe kugwira ntchito mu Seputembara 2023 pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira gasi kuti azipaka pulasitiki zonyansa komanso zopepuka komanso zosavuta kuzibwezeretsanso ndikupanga methanol kuchokera ku syngas yomwe yapezeka. Njirayi imatha kuchepetsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide ndi matani 100000 pa matani 60000 a pulasitiki. China Petrochemical Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Science and Industry ndi mabizinesi ena apezanso zotsatira zapang'onopang'ono pakubwezeretsanso pulasitiki.
Kuzungulira kwa Chemical sivuto lovuta kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, chifukwa machitidwe ambiri amthupi amatha kusinthika: amatha kuwola ngati atha kupangidwa, ndipo amatha kuchotsedwa ngati atha kupangidwa ndi ma polima. Pakali pano, chopinga chachikulu ndicho chuma. Ndi mtengo ndi mtengo. Chifukwa chake, mayankho aukadaulo okha sakwanira, komanso amafunikira kukwezedwa kwa mfundo, komanso mgwirizano wa anthu ndi kuchitapo kanthu padziko lonse lapansi.
Limbikitsani kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kutchuka kwaukadaulo wobwezeretsa mankhwala
Li Mingfeng, Purezidenti wa Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology
Kubwezeretsanso mankhwala kumapulasitiki a zinyalala kumazindikiridwa ngati njira yochepetsera mpweya, yaukhondo komanso yokhazikika kunyumba ndi kunja. M'zaka zaposachedwa, zimphona zazikulu zapadziko lonse lapansi zawonjezera masanjidwe awo pantchito yobwezeretsanso pulasitiki. LG, Saudi Basic Industry Corporation, BP ndi mabizinesi ena odziwika padziko lonse lapansi achita kafukufuku wokonzanso mapulasitiki. Pakati pawo, kuchira kwamankhwala ndikofunikira kwambiri. Chifukwa kuchira kwamankhwala kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinyalala zosakanikirana zokhala ndi zonyansa zambiri ndipo sizingabwezeretsedwe mwakuthupi, zimatengedwa ngati njira yamtsogolo yachitukuko chamakampani. Pakalipano, 12% yokha ya mapulasitiki a zinyalala ku China amasinthidwanso ndi njira zakuthupi, ndipo palibe njira yamankhwala, kotero pali malo akuluakulu a chitukuko.
Kupititsa patsogolo kuchira kwa mankhwala kumathandizidwa ndi teknoloji. Ukadaulo wa pulasitiki wa pyrolysis ndiye ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri womwe pafupifupi mabizinesi onse adzagwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, chitukuko cha zinyalala mapulasitiki pyrolysis luso n'kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa pali mitundu yoposa 200 ya zipangizo pulasitiki nawo, kuphatikizapo mapulasitiki ambiri, mapulasitiki apadera ndi mapulasitiki umisiri, zimene zimapanga zofunika luso la kuyenga zosiyanasiyana ndi mabizinesi mankhwala zovuta kwambiri. Pakalipano, ngakhale teknoloji yobwezeretsa mankhwala ya mapulasitiki a zinyalala ku China yapeza chitukuko chofulumira, idakali pa siteji yowonjezera kuchokera ku ang'onoang'ono kupita kuwonetsero kapena kuwonetsera mafakitale. Kuzindikira kofulumira kwa zopambana zaukadaulo kumafuna kufufuza kwakukulu kwaukadaulo ndi chitukuko komanso mgwirizano waukulu.
Mu 2021, motsogozedwa ndi Academy of Petroleum Sciences, 11 mayunitsi, kuphatikizapo Joint Engineering Construction Company, Yanshan Petrochemical, Yangzi Petrochemical, Maoming Petrochemical, China Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing Institute of Petroleum ndi Chemical Technology, Tongji University, Zhejiang Yangtze Mtsinje. Delta Institute of Circular Economy and Technology, idafunsira "Industrial Technology Innovation Center for Chemical Recycling of Waste Plastics" wa Petrochemical Federation ndipo adapambana layisensi. Mu sitepe yotsatira, CAS idzadalira likulu kuti lichite zatsopano zogwirira ntchito zamakampani-yunivesite-kafukufuku, kuyesetsa kupanga malo opangira kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wamtengo wapatali wogwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki a zinyalala oyenera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapulasitiki ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, kukulitsa zinyalala mapulasitiki directional kutembenuka luso, kuchita kafukufuku chitukuko ndi mafakitale ntchito kafukufuku wa zinyalala mapulasitiki mankhwala kuchira ndondomeko ndi njira zosiyanasiyana luso kuphatikiza njira, ndi kupanga zinyalala mapulasitiki zobwezeretsanso mankhwala. ukadaulo kufika pamlingo wotsogola padziko lonse lapansi.
Pangani zinyalala pulasitiki recyclable
Guo Zifang, Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Sinopec Beijing Chemical Research Institute
Pofuna kuthandizira kukwaniritsa cholinga cha "carbon double", takhala tikugwira ntchito mwakhama pa "zobwezerezedwanso komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito", ndikulima mozama m'munda wa polima.
Pankhani ya "zobwezerezedwanso", mapulasitiki ambiri oyikapo pamsika amakhala osanjikiza. Mapulasitiki awa si polyolefins okha, koma zigawo zosiyanasiyana zimawonjezera zovuta zambiri pakubwezeretsanso. Kuti tikwaniritse "recyclable", sitepe yofunika kwambiri ndi kusankha imodzi yaiwisi kubala ma CD pulasitiki, BOPE (biaxial wamanjenje polyethylene) ndi nthumwi. Kapangidwe kazinthu kamodzi kameneka kamafaniziridwa ndi kamangidwe kakale kazinthu zosiyanasiyana, Ndikothandiza pakubwezeretsanso mapulasitiki.
Ponena za "zogwiritsidwa ntchito", kuchira thupi ndi kubwezeretsa mankhwala ndi njira ziwiri zazikulu zobwezeretsanso zinyalala zamapulasitiki. Nthawi zonse timatsatira mfundo ya "kuyenda pamiyendo iwiri" ndikupanga njira zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo kuti zitsimikizire kuti zida zobwezeretsedwanso zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pankhani ya kuchira thupi, tagwirizana ndi mayunivesite zoweta odziwika bwino ndi mabizinezi kuthana ndi mavuto aakulu m'munda wa processing mosalekeza ndi recycled wa zobwezerezedwanso filimu pulasitiki, yachiwiri kuchira luso la mapulasitiki galimoto, ndipo akwaniritsa zotsatira zoyamba. M'munda wa mankhwala kuchira, ife paokha anayamba microwave plasma pyrolysis luso, ntchito zinyalala polima monga zopangira akulimbana, ndi zokolola za triethylene ndi lofanana ndi chikhalidwe naphtha nthunzi akulimbana ndondomeko. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tapititsa patsogolo ntchito yofufuza ndi chitukuko m'munda wa catalytic cracking, ndipo timayang'ana pakupeza mankhwala abwino a mapulasitiki a zinyalala zosiyanasiyana. Tapanganso zosungunulira zamitundu yambiri, zomwe zitha kulowetsedwa m'mapulasitiki obwezerezedwanso kuti apititse patsogolo luso lomanga la ma polima osiyanasiyana, kupanga zida zokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso okhazikika, ndipo tikuyembekezeka kuzindikira kusagwiritsanso ntchito kowonongeka kwa mapulasitiki osakanizidwa, omwe amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zapakhomo, zomangamanga, zoyendera ndi zina.
Kubwezeretsanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito zinyalala polima ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pamakampani opanga ma polima pokhazikitsa ndikusintha njira zachuma zozungulira zozungulira zobiriwira zobiriwira. M'tsogolomu, Beijing Institute of Chemical Technology idzapitiriza kuganizira za chitukuko, ntchito, kubwezeretsanso ndi kubwezeretsanso zipangizo zatsopano, ntchito yopititsa patsogolo mphamvu ndi khalidwe la kubwezeretsanso thupi, kulimbikitsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi mafakitale aukadaulo watsopano wobwezeretsanso mankhwala, kuthandiza kumanga chitsanzo chatsopano cha chuma chobwezeretsanso pulasitiki, ndi kumanga unyolo wobiriwira chuma chatsekedwa- kuzungulira mafakitale.
Pitirizani kukhala ndi zinthu zobiriwira komanso zosawononga chilengedwe
Li Renhai, mkulu wa chitetezo kupanga Yizheng Chemical CHIKWANGWANI Company ndi mkulu wa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko gulu la biodegradable zipangizo projekiti.
Pakadali pano, kupanga mapulasitiki owonongeka akukumana ndi zovuta zambiri. Posachedwapa, Lipoti la Research on Environmental Impact Assessment and Policy Support of Degradable Plastics, lofufuzidwa pamodzi ndi Sinopec ndi Tsinghua University, linatulutsidwa mwalamulo. Kupyolera mu kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane ndi kusanthula, lipoti la kafukufuku linanena kwa nthawi yoyamba ndondomeko yowunikira mapulasitiki owonongeka omwe amatha kuwonongeka ngati maziko poyerekeza ndi mapulasitiki achikhalidwe, ndipo adasanthula njira yotheka yogwiritsira ntchito mapulasitiki owonongeka kuchokera kumagulu ndi zachuma. Tikukhulupirira kuti lipoti la kafukufukuyu ndi lingaliro lotsogola kuti atsogolere chitukuko chapamwamba chamakampani apulasitiki owonongeka. Lipoti la kafukufukuyu likufotokoza za mavuto monga kutsutsana kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu za pulasitiki zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka ndi chilengedwe komanso kutsika mtengo kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapulasitiki zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka pazinthu zamoyo.
Sinopec ndiye wamkulu kwambiri wopanga utomoni padziko lapansi. Nthawi zonse imalimbikitsa chitukuko chobiriwira ndikuyika kufunikira kwa kafukufuku, chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki owonongeka. Ndilo bizinesi membala woyamba ku China Mainland. Yizheng Chemical CHIKWANGWANI akupitiriza kufufuza ndi kupanga mndandanda wa zobiriwira, wochezeka chilengedwe, recyclable, recyclable ndi degradable polima zipangizo kudzera kafukufuku olowa ndi kupanga, kulimbikitsa kafukufuku luso, kukonza luso kupanga, ndi kuyesetsa kukulitsa filimu zaulimi ndi misika ina, kukwaniritsa apamwamba. Ubwino ndi chitukuko chokhazikika, ndikupitiliza kukulitsa mphamvu zamafakitale za mtundu wa Sinopec wa biodegradable material element, "Ecorigin", Kupititsa patsogolo kudumpha kwa zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka kuchokera "chinthu" kupita ku "standard" komanso kuchokera ku "chinthu" kupita ku "brand", ndikupanga khadi yabizinesi yobiriwira komanso yoyera ya Sinopec.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-08-2023