Ogwiritsa ntchito masiku ano amalabadira kwambiri lingaliro lachitetezo cha chilengedwe, ndipo matanthauzo a ogula ambiri amtundu wazinthu asintha mwakachetechete. Lingaliro lachidziwitso la 'kununkhira' kwazinthu lakhalanso chimodzi mwazowonetsa kuti ogula aziwunika momwe zinthu zilili. Nthawi zambiri ogula amangonena za mankhwala monga: "Mukatsegula phukusi, pali fungo lamphamvu la pulasitiki, lomwe limakhala lopweteka kwambiri" kapena "Mukatsegula bokosi la nsapato, pali fungo lamphamvu la guluu, ndipo mankhwalawo amamva. otsika". Zotsatira zake ndizovuta kwa opanga ambiri. Kununkhira ndiko kumverera mwachilengedwe kwa ogula. Ngati quantification yolondola ikufunika, tiyenera kumvetsetsa lingaliro la ma VOC.
1. Kodi ma VOC ndi magulu ake ndi chiyani?
VOCs ndiye chidule cha dzina lachingerezi loti "Volatile Organic Compounds" lazinthu zosakhazikika za organic. Mitundu yonse iwiri yaku China yomwe imakhala yosasinthika komanso yachingerezi yotalika pang'ono, motero ndi chizolowezi kugwiritsa ntchito ma VOC kapena VOC mwachidule.Zithunzi za TVOC(Total Volatile Organic Compounds) imatanthauzidwa molingana ndi miyezo ina: yoyesedwa ndi Tenax GC ndi Tenax TA, yowunikidwa ndi gawo la chromatographic yopanda polar (polarity index yochepera 10), ndipo nthawi yosungira ili pakati pa n-hexane ndi n-hexadecane. Mawu akuti volatile organic compounds. Imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma VOCs ndipo pakadali pano ndiyofala kwambirikufunikira kwa mayeso. SVOC(Semi Volatile Organic Compounds): Ma organic compounds omwe amapezeka mumlengalenga si ma VOC okha. Mankhwala ena achilengedwe amatha kukhalapo nthawi imodzi mu mpweya wa mpweya ndi zinthu zina pa kutentha kwa firiji, ndipo chiŵerengero cha magawo awiriwa chidzasintha pamene kutentha kumasintha. Zosakaniza zoterezi zimatchedwa semi-volatile organic compounds, kapena ma SVOCs mwachidule.Mtengo wa NVOCPalinso mankhwala enaake omwe amapezeka m'zinthu zamkati kutentha kwa firiji, ndipo ndi mankhwala osasinthasintha, omwe amatchedwa NVOCs. Kaya ndi ma VOC, ma SVOC kapena ma NVOC m'mlengalenga, onse amatenga nawo gawo muzinthu zam'mlengalenga zamakina ndi zakuthupi, ndipo zina mwazo zimatha kuyika thanzi lamunthu pachiwopsezo. Amabweretsa zotsatira zachilengedwe kuphatikizapo kukhudza khalidwe la mpweya, kukhudza nyengo ndi nyengo, ndi zina zotero.
2. Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zili mu VOCs?
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala a organic organic compounds (VOCs), amathanso kugawidwa m'magulu 8: alkanes, ma hydrocarbon onunkhira, alkenes, ma halogenated hydrocarbons, esters, aldehydes, ketoni ndi mankhwala ena. Kuchokera kuchitetezo cha chilengedwe, makamaka chimatanthawuza mtundu wa zinthu zosakhazikika zomwe zimakhala ndi mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito. Ma VOC wamba amaphatikizapo benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, trichlorethylene, chloroform, trichloroethane, diisocyanate (TDI), diisocyanocresyl, ndi zina.
Zowopsa za VOCs?
(1) Mkwiyo ndi kawopsedwe: Pamene VOCs upambana ndende inayake, iwo adzakwiyitsa maso ndi kupuma thirakiti anthu, kuchititsa khungu ziwengo, zilonda zapakhosi ndi kutopa; Ma VOC amatha kudutsa mosavuta chotchinga chamagazi-ubongo ndikuwononga dongosolo lapakati lamanjenje; VOCs imatha kuvulaza chiwindi chamunthu, impso, ubongo ndi dongosolo lamanjenje.
(2) Carcinogenicity, teratogenicity ndi kawopsedwe ka uchembere. Monga formaldehyde, p-xylene (PX), etc.
(3) Wowonjezera kutentha kwenikweni, zinthu zina VOCs ndi ozoni kalambulabwalo zinthu, ndi photochemical anachita VOC-NOx kumawonjezera ndende ya ozoni mu mlengalenga troposphere ndi kumawonjezera wowonjezera kutentha.
(4) Kuwonongeka kwa ozoni: Pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha, imatenga nawo mbali pakuchita kwa nitrogen oxides kupanga ozone, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wochepa kwambiri ndipo ndi gawo lalikulu la utsi wa photochemical ndi chifunga cha tawuni m'chilimwe.
(5) PM2.5, ma VOCs mumlengalenga amakhala pafupifupi 20% mpaka 40% ya PM2.5, ndipo gawo la PM2.5 limasinthidwa kuchokera ku VOCs.
Chifukwa chiyani makampani amafunikira kuwongolera ma VOC pazogulitsa?
- 1. Kuperewera kwa zinthu zazikuluzikulu zamalonda ndi malo ogulitsa.
- 2. Homogenization ya mankhwala ndi mpikisano woopsa. Nkhondo yamtengo wapatali yachititsa kuti phindu lamakampani litsike, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosakhazikika.
- 3. Madandaulo a ogula, ndemanga zoipa. Chinthuchi chimakhudza kwambiri makampani opanga magalimoto. Pamene ogula amasankha galimoto, kuwonjezera pa zofunikira zogwirira ntchito, chizindikiro cha fungo lochokera mkati mwa galimoto ndichokwanira kusintha chisankho chomaliza.
4. Wogula amakana ndikubwezera katunduyo. Chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yosungiramo malo otsekedwa a chidebe cha zinthu zapakhomo, kununkhira kumakhala koopsa pamene chidebecho chikutsegulidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wogwira ntchitoyo akane kutsitsa katunduyo, wogula kukana, kapena kufunafuna mokwanira. kufufuza kwa gwero la fungo, kufufuza zoopsa, ndi zina zotero. Kapena mankhwala amatulutsa fungo lamphamvu panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito (monga: fryer, uvuni, kutentha ndi mpweya, etc.), kuchititsa ogula kubwezeretsa mankhwala.
5. Zofunikira za malamulo ndi malamulo. Kusintha kwaposachedwa kwa EU kwazofunikira za formaldehydemu Annex XVII ya REACH (zofunikira) imayika patsogolo zofunikira zogulitsa kunja kwa malonda. M'zaka zaposachedwa, zofunikira za dziko langa pakuwongolera ma VOC zakhala zikuchitika pafupipafupi, ngakhale patsogolo pa dziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa chochitika cha "poizoni wothamangira ndege" chomwe chidakopa chidwi cha anthu ambiri, malamulo ovomerezeka amtundu wamalo ochitira masewera apulasitiki adayambitsidwa. Blue Sky Defense idakhazikitsa mndandanda wazofunika zofunikakwa zopangira zopangira ndi zina zotero.
Mtengo wa TTSwakhala akudzipereka kwa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha VOC kudziwika luso, ali akatswiri gulu luso ndi yathunthu yakuyesazida, ndipo imatha kupatsa makasitomala ntchito zoyimitsa kamodzi kuchokera pakuwongolera khalidwe lazogulitsa mpaka kutsata komaliza kwa VOC. imodzi.Za kuyesa kwa VOCNtchito yoyesera ya VOC imatha kutengera njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana: 1. Zida zopangira: njira yachikwama yaying'ono (chikwama chachitsanzo cha mayeso apadera a VOC), njira yowunikira matenthedwe 2. Zomaliza: thumba Njira yokhazikika ya VOC yosungira chilengedwe ( Zosiyanasiyana zimayenderana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu) zimagwira ntchito ku: zovala, nsapato, zoseweretsa, zida zazing'ono, ndi zina zambiri. , etc.) kapena kuwunika kwathunthu kwa zida zazikulu zapakhomo (mafiriji, zowongolera mpweya). Pazida zamagetsi zapakhomo, kuwunika kawiri momwe makinawo akugwirira ntchito komanso osagwira ntchito amatha kutsanzira kutulutsa kwa VOC kwa chinthucho mumayendedwe kapena malo ogwiritsira ntchito zipinda.Chachiwiri: Kuwunika kwa fungo Mtengo wa TTSwakhala akugwira ntchito zoyesa za VOC kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo ali ndi gulu lake lowunika la "mphuno yagolide", lomwe limatha kuperekazolondola, cholingandichilungamofungo mlingo ntchito mankhwala.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-07-2023