Ziwiya zadothi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza ziwiya za tsiku ndi tsiku za anthu, monga zida zapa tebulo, tiyi, seti za vinyo kapena ziwiya zina. Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwakukulu kwa msika, monga woyang'anira, pali mipata yambiri yokhudzana ndi zinthu zoterezi. Lero, ndikugawana nanu chidziwitso chokhudza kuyang'anira zoumba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kusiyana Pakati pa Zoumba ndi Porcelain
Kusiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ceramics
Kuyang'ana pakuyika
Choyamba, kuyang'anira phukusi kuyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi mgwirizano womwe wasainidwa ndi onse awiri. Choyikapo chakunja chiyenera kukhala cholimba, ndipo chinsalu chamkati chiyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwedezeka; mbali za mankhwala, monga tiyi ndi chivindikiro, ziyenera kulekanitsidwa ndi mapepala ofewa. Kunja kwa bokosi lolongedza (dengu), payenera kukhala zizindikiro za "zinthu zosalimba" ndi "zinthu zoteteza chinyezi".
Mukamasula, muyenera kuyang'ana ngati pali kuwonongeka ndipo chiwerengero cha zidutswa ndi chachifupi, komanso ngati dzina la mankhwala ndi ndondomeko zachitsanzo zikugwirizana ndi mgwirizano. Zadothi zabwino ziyenera kuyang'ananso kukwanira kwake, monga ngati chiwerengero chonse cha zinthu zabwino za porcelain tableware mu seti yathunthu (yomwe imadziwika kuti mitu ingati) ndiyolondola.
Kuyang'ana kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe
1. Kusintha: kumatanthawuza mawonekedwe a mankhwala omwe sakugwirizana ndi mapangidwe omwe atchulidwa.
2. Pakamwa ndi khutu chokhota: Kutalika kwa kamwa ndi khutu n'kovuta komanso kokhota.
3. Pimple: Amatanthauza chotupa chokwera ngati cholimba cha thupi la underglaze.
4. Mphuphu: imatanthawuza kuwira kwa dzenje komwe kumakwezedwa pathupi la underglaze.
5. Slag: Imatanthawuza zolakwika zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matope otsala ndi zotsalira za glaze zomwe sizinachotsedwe.
6. Kupanda matope: kumatanthauza chodabwitsa kuti thupi lobiriwira silikwanira.
7. Kuphulika kwa glaze: kumatanthauza ming'oma yaing'ono pamwamba pa glaze.
8. Mphepete mwa matuza: amatanthauza tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tomwe timapezeka m'mphepete mwa kamwa la mankhwala.
9. Kuphulika kopanda kanthu: Kumatanthawuza kusenda komweko komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwongolera kosayenera kwa chinyezi chopanda kanthu chisanalowe mu uvuni.
10. Wokazinga glaze: amatanthauza chodabwitsa cha kusweka pa glazed pamwamba pa mankhwala.
11. Ming'alu: imatanthawuza zolakwika za striate zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kung'ambika kwa zopanda kanthu ndi zowala, zomwe zimagawidwa m'mitundu itatu. Choyamba ndi mng'alu wophimbidwa ndi glaze, wotchedwa yin crack. Chachiwiri ndi chakuti glaze imasweka ndipo thupi silimasweka, lomwe limatchedwa glaze cracking. Chachitatu ndi chakuti thupi lonse ndi glaze zimasweka, zomwe zimatchedwa kusweka kwa thupi ndi glaze.
12. Bowo losungunuka: limatanthawuza dzenje lomwe limapangidwa ndi kusungunuka kwa fusible zinthu panthawi yowotcha.
13. Mawanga: amatanthauza madontho achikuda pamwamba pa katundu, omwe amadziwikanso kuti mawanga achitsulo.
14. Pores: amatanthauza mabowo ang'onoang'ono (kapena ma pores a nkhumba a maso a bulauni, ma pinholes) omwe ali pamwamba pa glaze.
15. Slag kugwa: amatanthauza phulusa la saggar ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timamatira pamadzi owoneka bwino a mankhwalawa.
16. Pansi pamphepete mwa slag yomata: imatanthawuza tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta slag timamatira m'mphepete mwa phazi la mankhwala.
17. Mfundo ya singano: kutsatiridwa komwe kumasiyidwa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala.
18. Chilonda chomata: chilema chopangidwa ndi kugwirizana pakati pa thupi lobiriwira ndi chinthu chachilendo panthawi yowombera.
19. Minga yamoto: Pamwamba pabulauni chifukwa cha phulusa la ntchentche pamoto.
20. Kusowa kwa glaze: Kumatanthauza kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa chinthucho.
21, lalanje glaze: amatanthauza glaze ofanana ndi peel lalanje.
22. Dope glaze strand: amatanthawuza chinthu chofanana ndi chingwe cha thupi lobiriwira ndi malo onyezimira akukwezedwa pang'ono.
23. Thin glaze: Amatanthauza glaze wosanjikiza pamwamba pa mankhwala, amene amapanga chithunzi kuti glaze pamwamba si owala.
24. Mtundu wonyansa: umatanthawuza maonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana pamtunda wa mankhwala omwe sayenera kukhalapo.
25. Mtundu wolakwika: umatanthawuza mtundu wosagwirizana wa chitsanzo chimodzi kapena zochitika za kusowa kwa kuwala chifukwa cha kusowa kwa moto.
26. Kupanda mizere: kumatanthauza zolakwika za mizere ndi m'mphepete mwake zokongoletsedwa ndi mizere.
27. Kupanda chithunzi: Kumatanthauza chodabwitsa cha chithunzi chosakwanira ndi mtundu wolakwika.
28. Kuwotcha kwa maluwa ophika: kumatanthawuza madontho achikuda ndi kuwonongeka kwa glaze pamtunda wonyezimira wa mankhwala panthawi yophika.
29. Mapazi akuda pansi: Amatanthauza zonyansa zina zomwe zimamatira kumunsi ndi kusinthika kwamitundu.
30. Kusiyana kwa mtundu wa matope olowa m’kamwa ndi m’khutu: Mtundu wa matope olowa m’kamwa ndi m’khutu sugwirizana ndi mankhwalawo.
31. Gypsum yakuda: imatanthawuza zochitika za heterochromatic za thupi lobiriwira chifukwa cha kumamatira kwa gypsum.
32. Buluu Golide: Chochitika cha bluish chifukwa cha chitsulo chowonda kwambiri.
33. Kusuta: kumatanthauza maonekedwe a imvi, zakuda ndi zofiirira mbali imodzi kapena zonse za mankhwala.
34. Yin yellow: amatanthauza chikasu chambiri kapena chokwanira cha mankhwala.
35. Zojambula za glaze: zimatanthawuza zochitika za mikwingwirima ndi kutaya pang'ono kwa gloss pamtunda wonyezimira wa katundu.
36. Bump: amatanthauza kuwonongeka pang'ono kapena kudulidwa kwa katundu, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kuvulala kolimba.
37. Kugudubuza: kumatanthawuza mawonekedwe a arc omwe amapangidwa popiringitsa kapena kukanikiza mpeni.
38. Chitsanzo cha wavy: chimatanthawuza mawonekedwe a wavy omwe amaperekedwa ndi glaze yosiyana ya mankhwala.
Physical and chemical index test
1. Mayeso a mayamwidwe amadzi a zoumba zogwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku
2. Kuyang'ana kukhazikika kwamafuta a ceramic m'nyumba
3. Kuyera kwa zoumba tsiku ndi tsiku
4. Kuyang'anira kusungunuka kwa lead ndi cadmium kwa zoumba zogwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.
Daily Fine Porcelain Inspection
1. Mafotokozedwe a zadothi zabwino zogwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku
Mafotokozedwe azinthu amagawidwa kukhala apadera, akulu, apakati, ndi ang'onoang'ono. Zomwe zili mu tebulo ili:
2. Gulu la zadothi zabwino zogwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku
Daily fine porcelain amagawidwa m'magiredi anayi malinga ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo zofunikira ndi izi:
Zosapitilira mitundu ina ya zolakwika pazamankhwala oyamba;
Zogulitsa zamtundu wachiwiri siziyenera kupitilira zolakwika za 5 pachinthu chilichonse;
Chilichonse chamtundu wachitatu sichiyenera kupitirira mitundu 6 ya zolakwika;
Chilichonse cha Sitandade 4 sichikhala ndi zolakwika zopitilira 7;
Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi muyezo, pamafunikanso:
1. Mlingo wa kuyamwa madzi sayenera kupitirira 0.5%.
2. Zofunikira za kutentha kwa kutentha, kuchokera ku 200 ℃ kupita ku 20 ℃ madzi, kutentha kwa kutentha sikudzaphwanyidwa kamodzi (fupa china sichimachepa).
3. Kuyera kwa zoyera zoyera sikuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa 65%, kupatulapo zinthu zokhala ndi glaze ya buluu komanso mawonekedwe apadera amtundu.
4. Kusungunuka kwa lead pamtunda wolumikizana ndi chakudya sikuposa 7PPM, ndipo kusungunuka kwa cadmium sikuposa 0.5PPM.
5. Kulekerera kwa mita. Kwa madiresi ofanana kapena oposa 60 mm, lolani kuchokera ku +1.5% mpaka -1%; m'mimba mwake osakwana 60 mm, lolani ± 2%.
6. Pamene mphika umapendekeka pa madigiri 70, chivindikirocho sichiyenera kugwa. Pamene chivindikirocho chimasunthidwa kumbali imodzi, mtunda pakati pa chivindikiro ndi spout sayenera kupitirira 3 mm. Pakamwa pa spout sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa 3 mm kuchokera ku spout.
7. Mtundu wa glaze ndi mtundu wa chithunzi cha seti yazinthu ziyenera kukhala zofanana, ndipo mafotokozedwe ndi makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala ofanana.
8. Palibe frying glaze, bumping, cracking and leakage defects amaloledwa.
Kuyendera mbiya zabwino tsiku lililonse
1. Mafotokozedwe a mbiya zabwino zatsiku ndi tsiku
Mafotokozedwe azinthu amagawidwa kukhala apadera, akulu, apakati, ndi ang'onoang'ono. Zomwe zili zenizeni zikuwonetsedwa mu tebulo
2. Kusankha mbiya zabwino za tsiku ndi tsiku
Zoumba zabwino za tsiku ndi tsiku zimagawidwa m'makalasi atatu malinga ndi mawonekedwe, zofunikira zenizeni ndi izi:
Zogulitsa zamtundu woyamba zisapitirire zolakwika 5 pachinthu chilichonse;
Zogulitsa zamtundu wachiwiri siziyenera kupitilira zolakwika 6 pa chinthu chilichonse;
Chilichonse chamtundu wachitatu sichidzapitilira mitundu 8 ya zolakwika;
Komanso, muyezo umanena kuti:
1. Mtundu wa matayala ndi wandiweyani, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe amadzi sikudutsa 15%.
2. Pamwamba pa glaze ndi yosalala ndipo mtundu ndi woyera.
3. Zofunikira pakukhazikika kwamafuta, kuchokera ku 200 ℃ kupita ku 20 ℃ madzi, kusinthanitsa kwa kutentha sikudzasweka kamodzi.
4. Mankhwalawa ayenera kukhala osasunthika komanso okhazikika pamene aikidwa pamtunda.
5. Kulekerera kwa mankhwala awiri, kulolerana ndi + 1.5% mpaka 1% kwa m'mimba mwake wamkulu kuposa kapena wofanana ndi 60 mm, ndipo kulolerana ndi ± 2% m'mimba mwake zosakwana 60 mm.
6. Kukula kwa chivindikiro ndi pakamwa pa zinthu zonse zophimbidwa ziyenera kukhala zoyenera.
7. Mankhwalawa saloledwa kukhala ndi frying glaze, bumping, cracking and leakge defects, ndipo palibe ming'oma yotsegula ndi yosweka pamphepete mwa pakamwa ndi pamakona.
8. Mtundu wa glaze, chithunzi ndi gloss ya seti yathunthu yazinthu ziyenera kukhala zofanana, ndipo mafotokozedwe ndi makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala ofanana.
9. Kusungunuka kwa lead pamtunda wolumikizana ndi chakudya sikuposa 7PPM, ndipo kusungunuka kwa cadmium sikuposa 0.5PPM.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-16-2022