Pepala, Wikipedia imatanthauzira ngati chinthu chosalukidwa chopangidwa ndi ulusi wa zomera chomwe chimatha kupindika mwakufuna ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito polemba.
Mbiri ya pepala ndi mbiri ya chitukuko cha anthu. Kuchokera pakuwonekera kwa pepala ku Western Han Dynasty kupita kuukadaulo wopanga mapepala wa Cai Lun ku Eastern Han Dynasty, ndipo tsopano, mapepala salinso chonyamulira cholembera, koma atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zina monga kusindikiza, kulongedza, mafakitale. , ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
01 Kuchuluka kwa ntchito
Zogulitsa zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zikuphatikizapo: mapepala a chikhalidwe, mapepala aukadaulo a mafakitale ndi zaulimi, mapepala oyikapo ndi mapepala apanyumba.
mapepala otumizidwa kunja a dziko langa makamaka amaphatikizapo mapepala a chikhalidwe (manyuzipepala, mapepala okutidwa, mapepala otsekemera, mapepala olembera) ndi mapepala olongedza (mapepala a kraft, mapepala a bolodi, mapepala a malata, makatoni oyera, cellophane, ndi zina zotero).
02 Kuyendera Mfundo Zofunikira
Maonekedwe
Kuyikira Kwambiri: Maonekedwe
Zosalala, zoyera, etc.
Maonekedwe a pepala ndi chinthu chofunikira pozindikira mtundu wa pepala. Sizimangokhudza kukongola kwa pepala, koma zolakwika zina za maonekedwe zidzakhudzanso kugwiritsa ntchito pepala.
Kuwunika kwa mawonekedwe a pepala makamaka kumagwiritsa ntchito kuyang'anira kuwala, kuyang'anira kuwala kwapansi, kuyang'anitsitsa ndi kuyang'ana pamanja. Pamwamba pamafunika kukhala osalala komanso oyera, ndipo palibe mapindikidwe, makwinya, kuwonongeka, midadada yolimba, mawanga otumiza kuwala, mawanga a nsomba, mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mawanga osiyanasiyana ndi zizindikiro zomveka bwino zimaloledwa.
Chidziwitso: Kuyang'anira mawonekedwe a pepala lochokera kunja kumachitika molingana ndi ZBY32033-90.
Thupi katundu
Kuyikira Kwambiri: mwa kugawa
Mapepala osiyanasiyana ali ndi zofunikira zosiyana
Newsprint: Newsprint imafuna pepala lofewa komanso lopindika, ndipo pamwamba pake pamafunika kuyamwa kwambiri. Kuonetsetsa kuti inki yosindikiza ikhoza kuuma mwamsanga panthawi yosindikiza. Pepalali likufunika kuti likhale losalala kumbali zonse ziwiri, lokhazikika mu makulidwe, lokhala ndi kuwala bwino, lopanda nsalu kapena kupaka pa nthawi yosindikiza, mawonekedwe omveka bwino, komanso opanda mawonekedwe olakwika. Pepala la mpukutuwo limafunikira kulimba kosasinthasintha kumapeto onse a mpukutuwo, zolumikizira zochepa, ndi mphamvu yabwino yolimba kuti igwirizane ndi zofunikira zosindikizira zamakina osindikizira othamanga kwambiri.
Zofunikira pamapepala okutidwa: kusalala. Pamwamba pa mapepala ayenera kukhala osalala kwambiri kuti athe kukhudzana kwathunthu ndi pamwamba pa nsalu yotchinga yamkuwa panthawi yosindikizira, potero amapeza mzere wosakhwima komanso womveka bwino wa mzere wokhala ndi mawonekedwe enieni ndi kuwala kokondweretsa.
Pepala loyera: Pepala loyera loyera nthawi zambiri limafunikira mawonekedwe olimba, osalala, makulidwe osasunthika, pepala lopanda lint, mpweya wabwino komanso kukulitsa pang'ono kuti zigwirizane ndi zofunikira zamitundu yambiri. Kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pakupanga bokosi, pepala loyera loyera liyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe owuma kwambiri komanso kukana mwamphamvu kupindika.
Pepala la Kraft: Pepala la Kraft ndi makatoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakuyika zinthu, kotero mawonekedwe a pepala ayenera kukhala olimba, okhala ndi mphamvu yophulika kwambiri, mphamvu ya mphete ndi kung'ambika. Kuonjezera apo, iyenera kukhala ndi kukana kwamadzi kwambiri kotero kuti panthawi yoyendetsa nyanja kapena kusungirako kuzizira, mphamvuyo siidzachepetsedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa katoni. Pepala la kraft lomwe likufunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza liyeneranso kukhala losalala.
Pepala lokhala ndi malata: Pepala lokhala ndi malata limafunikira mphamvu yabwino yomangirira ulusi, mapepala osalala, komanso kulimba kwambiri komanso kuuma. Pamafunika kulimba kwina kwa makatoni opangidwa kuti asagwedezeke komanso kuti asavutike. Choncho, kuphulika mphamvu ndi mphete kuphwanya mphamvu (kapena lathyathyathya kuphwanya mphamvu) ndi zizindikiro zazikulu zosonyeza mphamvu ya malata pansi. Kuphatikiza apo, index ya chinyezi iyeneranso kuyendetsedwa. Ngati chinyezi chili chochepa kwambiri, pepalalo limakhala lophwanyika ndipo likhoza kusweka panthawi yokonza malata. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumabweretsa zovuta pakukonza. Nthawi zambiri, chinyezi chiyenera kukhala pafupifupi 10%.
Cellophane: Cellophane ndi yowoneka bwino, yowala pamwamba, yofanana mu makulidwe, yofewa komanso yotambasuka. Zimatupa ndi kufewa pambuyo pomizidwa m'madzi, ndipo mwachibadwa zimachepa pambuyo poumitsa. Imayamwa kwambiri m'madzi ndipo imakonda makwinya ngakhale kukakamira ikakumana ndi chinyezi. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha kufanana kwa ma cellulose microcrystals mu njira yotalikirapo, mphamvu yayitali ya pepala ndi yayikulu komanso yopingasa ndi yaying'ono. Ngati pali ming'alu, imasweka ndi mphamvu yochepa. Cellophane ndi yopanda mpweya, yopanda mafuta komanso yopanda madzi.
Mapepala osindikizira a Offset: Mapepala a Offset amagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza mitundu yambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kuyera bwino komanso fumbi lochepa, ilinso ndi zofunika kwambiri pakulimba kwa pepala, kulimba kwamphamvu, komanso kukana kupindika. Pakusindikiza, pamwamba pa pepala samatulutsa lint, ufa, kapena kusindikiza. Zofunikira ndizofanana ndi za pepala lokutidwa.
03 Kufotokozera zolakwika ndi kulingalira
| | Zogulitsa zogulitsa
Kuyikira Kwambiri: kulongedza
Kulongedza
Zolakwika ndi zigamulo zokhudzana ndi kugulitsa kwazinthu zamapepala ndi izi:
| Kufotokozera kwachilema | Zovuta | Akuluakulu | Zochepa |
| Kuyika zinthu molakwika | / | * | / |
| | Kulemba/Annotation/Print
Kuyikira Kwambiri: zilembo, kusindikiza
Zogulitsa zomwe mukufuna kuyika ndi zinthu
| Kufotokozera kwachilema | Zovuta | Akuluakulu | Zochepa |
| Zogulitsa zomwe zagulitsidwa ku Europe ndi United States: Palibe zambiri zopangira | * | / | / |
| Zogulitsa zomwe zagulitsidwa ku United States: Palibe dziko lomwe linachokera | * | / | / |
| Zogulitsa ku United States: Palibe dzina la wopanga/nambala yolembetsa | * | / | / |
| | Njira zopangira
Kuyikira Kwambiri: Ndioyenerera?
Mapepala owonongeka, etc.
Zolakwika ndi zigamulo zokhudzana ndi kupanga ndi izi:
| Kufotokozera kwachilema | Zovuta | Akuluakulu | Zochepa |
| Mapepala owonongeka, etc. | / | * | / |
| malo | / | * | * |
| mabowo/mabowo | / | * | / |
| makwinya/makwinya | / | * | * |
| Dulani banki | / | * | / |
| kusiyana | / | * | / |
| wamakutu agalu | / | * | * |
| Zonyansa | / | * | * |
| seersucker | / | * | * |
| Ma block blocks ndi ma block ena olimba | / | * | * |
| | Kuwunika kwazinthu pambuyo pa atolankhani
Kuyikira Kwambiri: Zogulitsa pambuyo posindikiza
Mawanga, makwinya, etc.
Zolakwika ndi zigamulo zokhudzana ndi zinthu zomwe zasindikizidwa pambuyo pake ndi izi:
| Kufotokozera kwachilema | Zovuta | Akuluakulu | Zochepa |
| piebald | / | * | * |
| Makwinya | / | * | * |
| Mafuta a Chemical ndi madzi | / | * | * |
| Masamba osweka | * | / | / |
| Masamba ochepa | * | / | / |
Kunja
Kuyikira Kwambiri: Maonekedwe
Felt marks, etc.
Zolakwika zokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe ndi zigamulo ndi izi:
| Kufotokozera kwachilema | Zovuta | Akuluakulu | Zochepa |
| kumva zizindikiro | / | * | * |
| Pereka zizindikiro za mthunzi | / | * | * |
| mikwingwirima ya gloss | / | * | * |
04 mayeso pa tsamba
Pakuwunika kwazinthu zamapepala, mayeso awa patsamba amafunikira:
| | Kuwona kulemera kwa katundu
Kuyikira Kwambiri: kuwunika kulemera
Kodi kulemera kwake ndikokwanira?
Kuchuluka kwa mayeso: zitsanzo zosachepera 3 pa sitayilo iliyonse.
Zofunikira pakuwunika:
Wezani katundu ndi kulemba deta yeniyeni;
Yang'anani molingana ndi zofunikira zolemera zomwe zaperekedwa kapena zambiri zolemera ndi zololera pazonyamula katundu.
| | Kuwona makulidwe a pepala
Kuyikira Kwambiri: Kunenepa
chimafika pachofunikira
Kuchuluka kwa mayeso: zitsanzo zosachepera 3 pa sitayilo iliyonse.
Zofunikira pakuwunika:
Pangani miyeso ya makulidwe azinthu ndikulemba deta yeniyeni;
Yang'anani motsutsana ndi makulidwe ofunikira omwe aperekedwa kapena chidziwitso cha makulidwe ndi kulolerana kwa zinthu zolongedza katundu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-23-2024