Pambuyo pa Julayi 1, 2006, European Union ili ndi ufulu wofufuza mwachisawawa pazinthu zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamsika. Zogulitsa zikapezeka kuti sizikugwirizana ndi zofunikira za RoHs Directive, European Union ili ndi ufulu wopereka zilango monga kuyimitsa malonda, zidindo, ndi chindapusa..
Chifukwa chokhudzidwa ndi mliriwu, kugulitsa zida zam'nyumba zomwe dziko langa zimatumizidwa kunja zidakwera kwambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zomwe zatulutsidwa ndi General Administration of Customs, mu 2021, katundu waku China wakugulitsa zida zapakhomo adafika $98.72 biliyoni, kuwonjezereka kwa chaka ndi 22.3%. Zipangizo zam'nyumba zakhalanso chachinayi kupitilira madola mabiliyoni 100 a ku America pambuyo poti mabwalo ophatikizika, mafoni am'manja, ndi makompyuta (kuphatikiza zolemba) zopangidwa ndi electromechanical (ziwerengero zochokera ku China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Mechanical and Electrical Products, kuchulukitsidwa kwa zinthu zakunyumba zakudziko langa kudzakhala madola 118.45 biliyoni aku US mu 2021) Zogulitsa kunja.
China ndi amodzi mwa opanga zazikulu za zida zapanyumba. Zida zapakhomo zimatumizidwa kumayiko oposa 200 (kapena zigawo) m'makontinenti asanu ndi limodzi padziko lapansi. Europe ndi North America ndiye misika yayikulu yogulitsa zida zapanyumba kudziko langa. Pambuyo pa Julayi 1, 2006, European Union ili ndi ufulu wofufuza mwachisawawa pazinthu zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamsika. Zogulitsa zikapezeka kuti sizikugwirizana ndi zofunikira za RoHs Directive, European Union ili ndi ufulu wopereka zilango monga kuyimitsa malonda, zidindo, ndi chindapusa. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukupanga, kuitanitsa kapena kugawa zinthu zomwe zili ndi Dongosololi, zomwe zili muzowopsa zomwe zili muzinthuzo siziyenera kupitilira mulingo wololedwa.
1. Kodi RoHS Directive ndi chiyani? Pofuna kugwirizanitsa malamulo a mayiko omwe ali mamembala okhudzana ndi zoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoopsa pazida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, kulinganiza miyezo ya zinthu ndi ndondomeko ya zinthu zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kwambiri pa thanzi laumunthu ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe, ndikuthandizira kuwononga. zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi zimagwirizana ndi zofunikira za chilengedwe pakubwezeretsanso ndikutaya, European Union idapereka lamulo lokhudza kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zowopsa pazida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi. (2002/95/EC) pa Januware 23, 2003, ndiye kuti, malangizo a RoHS amafunikira kuyambira pa Julayi 1, 2006, zida zonse zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamsika wa EU ziyenera kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zolemera monga lead, mercury. , cadmium, hexavalent chromium, ndi zoletsa moto monga polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) ndi polybrominated biphenyl (PBB). Idasinthidwa mu 2011 ndi Directive yatsopano (2011/65/EU). Lamulo latsopanoli linayamba kugwira ntchito pa January 3, 2013, ndipo malangizo oyambirirawo anathetsedwanso nthawi yomweyo. Malinga ndi zomwe zaperekedwa ndi malangizo atsopanowa, kuyambira tsiku lomwe adachotsa chikalata choyambirira, zinthu zonse zomwe zili pansi pa chizindikiro cha CE ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za low voltage (LVD), electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), zinthu zokhudzana ndi mphamvu (ErP) ndi malangizo atsopano a RoHS nthawi yomweyo. Kuti alowe mumsika wa EU, makampani omwe amatumiza zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi kudziko la EU akuyenera kutsatira malamulo adziko lomwe akutumiza kunja.
2. Kodi chinsinsi cha malangizo atsopano a RoHS ndi chiyani? Poyerekeza ndi malangizo oyambilira a RoHS, zomwe zasinthidwanso za RoHS zatsopano zimawonekera kwambiri m'mbali zinayi izi: Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimayendetsedwa kwakulitsidwa. Kutengera magawo asanu ndi atatu a zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi malangizo oyambilira a RoHS, zakulitsidwa ndikuphatikiza zida zamankhwala ndi zida zowunikira. Pafupifupi zida zonse zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, nthawi zosiyanasiyana zophatikizira zimafotokozedwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana azinthu. Chachiwiri, yambitsani njira yowunikiranso ndikuwonjezera mndandanda wazinthu zoletsedwa, pendani nthawi zonse ndikuwunikanso zinthu zowopsa ndi malire ake, ndikuwonjezera zinthu zoletsedwa m'njira yovuta kwambiri. Posankha zinthu zoletsedwa, chidwi chiyeneranso kuperekedwa ku mgwirizano ndi malamulo ena, makamaka zomwe zili mu Annex XIV (SVHC Authorization List) ndi Annex XVI (Restricted Substances Regulation) ya REACH Regulation, posonyeza kukula kwa zinthu zoletsedwa kuti ziwunidwe mtsogolo. . Perekani nthawi ndi malangizo kwa mabizinesi kuti asankhe zida zina. Chachitatu, fotokozani momveka bwino za njira yoti anthuwo akhululukidwe, perekani nthawi yovomerezeka kuti asakhululukidwe pamagulu osiyanasiyana azinthu kuti alimbikitse mabizinesi kupanga njira zina zoyenera, ndikusintha ndikusintha nthawi yovomerezeka kuti asakhululukidwe malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Chachinayi, chokhudzana ndi chizindikiritso cha CE, malinga ndi zomwe Lamulo latsopano la RoHS likufuna, zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi siziyenera kukwaniritsa malire azinthu zoletsedwa, komanso kuyika chizindikiro cha CE musanachiike pamsika. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa malangizo akale ndi atsopano a RoHS
3. Kodi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi malangizo a RoHS ndi chiyani?
1. Zida zazikulu zapakhomo: mafiriji, makina ochapira, uvuni wa microwave, zoyatsira mpweya, ndi zina zotero, kuphatikizapo magulu atsopano a RoHS "grill", "uvuni wa gasi" ndi "chotenthetsera gasi".
2. Zida zazing'ono zapakhomo: zotsukira, zitsulo zamagetsi, zowumitsira tsitsi, mavuni, mawotchi, ndi zina zotero.
3. Ukadaulo waukadaulo ndi zida zoyankhulirana: makompyuta, makina a fax, matelefoni, mafoni am'manja, ndi zina.
4. Zida zogwiritsira ntchito: mawailesi, ma televizioni, zojambulira mavidiyo, zida zoimbira, ndi zina zotero, kuphatikizapo gulu latsopano la mankhwala a RoHS "mipando yokhala ndi ntchito zamagetsi", monga "kukweza mabedi ogona" ndi "kukweza mipando yotsamira".
5. Zida zowunikira: Nyali za fluorescent kupatula zowunikira zapakhomo, ndi zina zotero, zipangizo zowunikira
6. Zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi (kupatula zida zazikulu zamafakitale zoyima): zobowolera zamagetsi, zotchingira, zowotcherera, zopopera, etc.
7. Zoseweretsa, zosangalatsa ndi zida zamasewera: magalimoto amagetsi, makina amasewera apakanema, makina otchova njuga, ndi zina zambiri, kuphatikiza gulu latsopano la RoHS lazinthu "zoseweretsa zokhala ndi ntchito zazing'ono zamagetsi", monga "zimbalangondo zolankhula za teddy" ndi "zimbalangondo zolankhula. "Nsapato Zowala".
8. Zida zamankhwala: zida zochizira ma radiation, tester electrocardiogram, chida chowunikira, ndi zina zambiri.
9. Zida zowunikira ndi kuyang'anira: zowunikira utsi, zofukizira, makina oyang'anira fakitale ndi makina owongolera, etc.
10. Makina ogulitsa
11. EEE ina iliyonse yomwe siili m'magulu omwe ali pamwambawa: Kuwonjezera pa "switch switch" ndi "suitcase yamagetsi", kuphatikizapo "zovala zogwiritsira ntchito magetsi" za RoHS zatsopano, monga "zovala zotenthetsera" ndi "zimawala m'madzi" ma jekete opulumutsa moyo".
Zogulitsa zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi malangizo a RoHS sizimaphatikizapo zinthu zonse zamakina, komanso zida, zida zopangira ndi kuyika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makina athunthu, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi makina onse opanga.
4. Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zowopsa zomwe zimafunikira ndi malire ake? Ndime 4 ya RoHS Directive yatsopano ikunena kuti mayiko omwe ali mamembala akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi zomwe zayikidwa pamsika, kuphatikiza zingwe ndi zida zawo kuti zikonzedwe kapena kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, kapena kukonzanso ntchito zawo kapena kuwonjezera mphamvu, zilibe lead (Pb) , mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) ndi polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) ndi zinthu zina 6 zowopsa. Mu 2015, malangizo osinthidwa a 2015/863/EU adaperekedwa, kukulitsa malangizo atsopano a RoHS, kuwonjezera DEHP (2-ethylhexyl phthalate), BBP (butyl benzyl phthalate), DBP (dibutyl phthalate), DIBP (diisobutyl phthalate) Zinthu zinayi za mankhwala. otchedwa phthalates, monga phthalates), alowa mndandanda wa mankhwala oletsedwa zinthu. Pambuyo pakuwunikiridwanso kwa malangizowo, mitundu yazinthu zowopsa pazida zamagetsi zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi malangizo atsopano a RoHS zidakwezedwa mpaka 10:
1. Lead (Pb) Zitsanzo za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka chinthuchi: solder, glass, PVC stabilizers 2. Mercury (Hg) (mercury) Zitsanzo za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mankhwalawa: ma thermostats, masensa, ma switch ndi ma relay, mababu 3. Cadmium (Cd) ) Zitsanzo za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu izi: masiwichi, akasupe, zolumikizira, nyumba ndi ma PCB, zolumikizirana, mabatire 4. Hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+) Zitsanzo za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka chinthuchi: Zovala zachitsulo zoletsa dzimbiri Zitsanzo za chinthu ichi: zoletsa moto, ma PCB, zolumikizira, nyumba zapulasitiki 6. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) Zitsanzo za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa: zoletsa malawi, Ma PCB, zolumikizira, nyumba zamapulasitiki ethylhexyl ester) 8. BBP (butyl benzyl phthalate) 9. DBP (dibutyl phthalate) 10. DIBP (diisobutyl phthalate)
Pa nthawi yomweyo, pazipita zili zinthu zoipa mu zipangizo homogeneous ndi: lead osapitirira 0,1%, Mercury osapitirira 0.1%, cadmium osapitirira 0.01%, hexavalent chromium osapitirira 0.1%, polybrominated biphenyls osapitirira 0.1%, polybrominated diphenyl diphenyl. ethers osapitirira 0.1%. Mankhwala anayi atsopano otchedwa phthalates adawonjezeredwa ndi malire a 0.1% iliyonse.
5. Kodi ndondomeko yotsimikizira ntchito ndi chiyani?
■ Gawo 1. Lembani fomu yofunsira mayeso a RoHS, yomwe ingatoledwe ku malo otsimikizira za RoHS, kapena kukopera kuchokera patsamba la RoHS verification Center, ndikubwezedwa mutadzaza. ■ Khwerero 2. Mawu: Pambuyo potumiza fomuyo, kasitomala amatumiza chitsanzo (kapena kutumiza mwachangu) kugawo lotsimikizira, ndipo gawo lotsimikizira limagawanitsa chitsanzocho molingana ndi zofunikira, ndikubweza kuchuluka kwa malondawo ndi chindapusa choyesa kasitomala. ■ Gawo 3. Pambuyo polandira malipiro, mayesero adzakonzedwa. Nthawi zambiri, mayesowo adzamalizidwa mkati mwa sabata imodzi. ■ Gawo 4. Sindikizani lipoti, lomwe lingathe kutumizidwa ndi mthenga, fax, imelo kapena woyang'anira payekha.
6. Kodi certification ya RoHS imawononga ndalama zingati? Mtengo weniweni wa mayeso a RoHS umafuna kampaniyo kuti ipereke zithunzi zazinthu ndi ndalama zazinthu, kutengera zovuta za chinthucho. Satifiketi ya RoHS ndiyosiyana ndi CCC, UL ndi ziphaso zina. Imangoyesa kuyesa kwamankhwala kwa zitsanzo, kotero palibe kuwunika kwa fakitale. Ngati katunduyo sanasinthidwe ndipo miyezo yoyezetsa sinasinthidwe, sipadzakhalanso ndalama zina zotsatila.
7. Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mupange certification ya ROHS? Pakadali pano, satifiketi ya RoHS imayesa zinthu 6 za lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBB ndi PBDE. Zogulitsa wamba zimafunsira satifiketi ya ROHS. Potengera kuti makasitomala amapereka zitsanzo ndi zida, nthawi yoyesera ya RoHS pazinthu wamba ndi pafupifupi masiku 7.
8. Kodi satifiketi ya ROHS imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji? Palibe nthawi yovomerezeka yovomerezeka ya ROHS certification. Ngati mulingo woyeserera wa satifiketi ya ROHS sunasinthidwe mwalamulo, satifiketi yoyambirira ya ROHS ikhoza kukhala yovomerezeka kwa nthawi yayitali.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-09-2022