Maonekedwe abwino a chinthu ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamalingaliro abwino. Maonekedwe ake nthawi zambiri amatanthauza mawonekedwe a chinthu, kamvekedwe kake, kuwala, mawonekedwe, ndi zowonera zina.
Mwachiwonekere, zolakwika zonse monga tokhala, zokopa, indentations, zokopa, dzimbiri, nkhungu, thovu, pinholes, maenje, ming'alu ya pamwamba, delamination, makwinya, ndi zina zotero zidzakhudza maonekedwe a mankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zambiri zamawonekedwe azinthu zimakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito, moyo wautali, ndi zina. Zogulitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi malo osalala zimakhala ndi dzimbiri lolimba, kugundana kocheperako, kusamva bwino, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa.
Kuwunika kwa mawonekedwe azinthu kumakhala ndi gawo lina la kugonjera. Pofuna kupanga ziganizo zomveka momwe zingathere, njira zoyendera zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira khalidwe la mafakitale.
(1)Njira yokhazikika yamagulu. Pre sankhani oyenerera ndi osayenerera zitsanzo monga muyezo zitsanzo, kumene oyenerera zitsanzo ali ndi zilema zosiyanasiyana ndi milingo mosiyanasiyana.
Zitsanzo zokhazikika zimatha kuwonedwa mobwerezabwereza ndi owunika ambiri (owunika) ndipo zotsatira zowonera zitha kusanthula mowerengera. Pambuyo pofufuza zotsatira za chiwerengero, ndizotheka kudziwa kuti ndi magulu ati a chilema omwe amatchulidwa molakwika; Oyang'anira omwe alibe chidziwitso chakuya pamiyezo; Oyang'anira omwe alibe maphunziro ofunikira komanso luso lozindikira.
(2)Njira yowonera zithunzi.Kupyolera mu kujambula, maonekedwe oyenerera ndi malire ovomerezeka amatha kuimiridwa ndi zithunzi, ndipo zithunzi zamtundu uliwonse zosavomerezeka zingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyang'anitsitsa.
(3)Defect amplification njira.Gwiritsani ntchito galasi lokulitsa kapena purojekitala kuti mukweze pamwamba pa chinthucho ndikufufuza zolakwika pamalo omwe mwawona, kuti mudziwe bwino momwe zolakwikazo zilili komanso kuopsa kwake.
(4)Njira yochotsera mtunda.Pitani kumalo ogwiritsira ntchito, fufuzani momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndikuwona momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Kenako yerekezerani momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndipo tchulani nthawi yofananira, mtunda wowonera, ndi ngodya ngati momwe mungawonere. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chilema cha mawonekedwe a chinthu china sichingawoneke mkati mwa masekondi atatu kuchokera pamtunda wa mita imodzi, chimaonedwa kuti ndi choyenera, mwinamwake chimaonedwa kuti sichiyenera. Njirayi ndiyosavuta komanso yogwira ntchito kuposa kuyika zinthu zomwe zili mulingo ndi chinthu kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe, ndikuwunika zinthu ndi chinthu.
Chitsanzo: Kuyang'ana kwabwino kwa zokutira zamagalasi pazigawo zina.
① Zofunikira za mawonekedwe.Maonekedwe a gulu la malata ali ndi mbali zinayi: mtundu, kufanana, zolakwika zololeka, ndi zolakwika zosaloleka.
Mtundu. Mwachitsanzo, wosanjikiza malata ayenera kukhala imvi kuwala ndi pang'ono beige mtundu; Pambuyo poyang'aniridwa ndi kuwala, galasi lagalasi limakhala loyera lasiliva ndi kuwala kwinakwake ndi pang'ono pang'ono za buluu; Pambuyo pa mankhwala a phosphate, wosanjikiza wamalata uyenera kukhala wotuwa wotuwa mpaka siliva wotuwa.
Kufanana. Chosanjikiza chamalata chimafunika kuti chikhale chowoneka bwino, chofanana, komanso chopitilira.
Zolakwika zovomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro za madzi pang'ono; Zolemba zazing'ono pamwamba pa zigawo zofunika kwambiri; Pali kusiyana pang'ono mu mtundu ndi gloss pa mbali imodzi.
Palibe cholakwika chololedwa. Mwachitsanzo, matuza, kusenda, kuyaka moto, kuwotcha, ndi kupindika kwa zokutira; Dendritic, spongy, ndi zokutira zamizeremizere; Madontho amchere osatsukidwa, etc.
② Zitsanzo zowunika mawonekedwe.Kwa magawo ofunikira, magawo ovuta, magawo akulu, ndi magawo wamba okhala ndi kukula kwa batch zosakwana 90, mawonekedwewo ayenera kuyang'aniridwa 100% kuti athetse zinthu zomwe sizikugwirizana; Kwa magawo wamba okhala ndi kukula kwa batch wamkulu kuposa zidutswa 90, kuyezetsa kwachitsanzo kuyenera kuchitika, ndikuwunika pafupipafupi kwa II ndi mulingo woyenera wa 1.5%. Kuyang'aniraku kuyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi dongosolo loyendera bwino lomwe lafotokozedwa mu Gulu 2-12. Gulu losagwirizana likapezeka, limaloledwa kuyang'ana gululo 100%, kuchotsa zinthu zomwe sizikugwirizana, ndikutumizanso kuti akawunikenso.
③ Njira zowunikira maonekedwe ndi kuwunika kwabwino.Kuyang'anira zowoneka ndi njira yayikulu yowunikira mawonekedwe, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, galasi lokulitsa nthawi 3-5 lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyang'anira. Pakuwunika, kuwala kwachilengedwe komwazikana kapena kuwala koyera kopanda kuwala kowonekera kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuwala sikudzakhala kochepera 300 Lux, ndipo mtunda pakati pa mbali ndi maso a anthu udzakhala 250 mm. Ngati batch kukula ndi 100, chitsanzo kukula kwa zidutswa 32 akhoza kusankhidwa; Kupyolera mu kuyang'ana kowoneka kwa zidutswa 32 izi, anapeza kuti awiri a iwo anali ndi matuza pa zokutira ndi zizindikiro zopserera. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosagwirizana ndi 2, gawo ili la magawo lidawonedwa ngati losayenerera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-01-2023