Maonekedwe abwino a chinthu ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamalingaliro abwino. Maonekedwe abwino nthawi zambiri amatanthauza zinthu zamtundu wa mankhwala, kamvekedwe ka mtundu, gloss, chitsanzo, ndi zina zomwe zimawonedwa. Mwachiwonekere, zolakwika zonse monga tokhala, abrasions, indentations, scratches, dzimbiri, mildew, thovu, pinholes, maenje, ming'alu ya pamwamba, kusanjika, ndi makwinya zimakhudza maonekedwe a mankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zambiri zamtundu wa zodzikongoletsera zimakhudzanso magwiridwe antchito, moyo ndi zina. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zokhala ndi malo osalala zimakhala ndi mphamvu zolimbana ndi dzimbiri, koyenera yaing'ono yolimbana, kukana kuvala bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Kuwunika kwa mawonekedwe azinthu kumakhala ndi chidwi. Pofuna kupanga chigamulo choyenera momwe zingathere, njira zoyendera zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri poyang'anira khalidwe lazogulitsa zamakampani.
(1) Njira yokhazikika yamagulu. Zitsanzo zoyenerera ndi zosayenera zimasankhidwa monga zitsanzo zovomerezeka pasadakhale, momwe zitsanzo zosayenera zimakhala ndi zolakwika zosiyanasiyana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Zitsanzo zokhazikika zimatha kuwonedwa mobwerezabwereza ndi owunika ambiri (owunika), ndipo zowonera zitha kuwerengedwa. Pambuyo pofufuza zotsatira za chiwerengero, ndizotheka kudziwa kuti ndi magulu ati a chilema omwe amatchulidwa mosayenera; omwe oyang'anira alibe chidziwitso chakuya cha muyezo; omwe oyang'anira alibe luso lofunikira la maphunziro ndi tsankho. (2) Njira yowonera zithunzi. Kupyolera mu kujambula, mawonekedwe oyenerera ndi malire ovomerezeka a chilema amawonetsedwa ndi zithunzi, ndipo zithunzi zodziwika bwino za zolakwika zosiyanasiyana zosaloleka zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati kuyesa koyerekeza. (3) Njira yokulitsa chilema. Gwiritsani ntchito galasi lokulitsa kapena purojekitala kuti mukweze pamwamba pa chinthucho ndikuyang'ana zolakwika pamalo omwe mwawona kuti muthe kuweruza molondola kwambiri momwe zolakwikazo zilili. (4) Njira yochoka kutali. Pitani kumalo ogwiritsira ntchito, fufuzani momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndikuwona momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Kenako yerekezerani momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndikutchula nthawi yofananira, mtunda wowonera ndi ngodya monga momwe zimawonera panthawi yoyendera. Imaweruzidwa ngati mankhwala oyenerera, mwinamwake ndi chinthu chosayenerera. Njirayi ndiyosavuta komanso yothandiza kuposa kupanga miyezo ndikuwunika chinthu ndi chinthu molingana ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zovuta zosiyanasiyana.
Chitsanzo: Kuyang'ana khalidwe la maonekedwe a malata.
①Zofunikira za mawonekedwe.Maonekedwe abwino a wosanjikiza malata amaphatikizapo mbali zinayi: mtundu, kufanana, zolakwika zovomerezeka ndi zolakwika zovomerezeka. mtundu. Mwachitsanzo, wosanjikiza malata ayenera kuwala imvi ndi pang'ono beige; wosanjikiza kanasonkhezereka ayenera kukhala siliva woyera ndi zina kuwala ndi kuwala buluu pambuyo kuwala; pambuyo mankhwala phosphate, kanasonkhezereka wosanjikiza ayenera kuwala imvi kuti siliva imvi. kufanana. Chophimba cha galvanized chimafunika kuti chikhale chowoneka bwino, yunifolomu komanso chopitirira. Zolakwika ndizololedwa. Monga: zizindikiro za madzi pang'ono; zoyikako pang'ono pazigawo zofunika kwambiri; kusiyana kochepa mu mtundu ndi gloss pa gawo lomwelo, etc. Zolakwika siziloledwa. Monga: kuyanika matuza, peeling, kutentha, tinatake tozungulira ndi pitting; zokutira za dendritic, spongy ndi streaky; zizindikiro za mchere zosasambitsidwa, etc.
②Sampling yowunika mawonekedwe.
Kwa magawo ofunikira, magawo ofunikira, magawo akulu ndi magawo wamba okhala ndi kukula kwa batch zosakwana 90, mawonekedwe amayenera kuyang'aniridwa 100%, ndipo zinthu zosayenera siziyenera kuphatikizidwa; Kwa magawo wamba okhala ndi kukula kwa batch kuposa zidutswa 90, kuyezetsa kwa sampuli kuyenera kuchitidwa, nthawi zambiri kumayendera mulingo wa II, oyenerera Mulingo wapamwamba ndi 1.5%, ndipo kuyenderako kumachitika molingana ndi dongosolo lanthawi imodzi loyang'anira. zafotokozedwa mu Table 2-12. Gulu losavomerezeka likapezeka, limaloledwa kuyang'ana gululo 100%, kukana chinthu chocheperako, ndikuchitumizanso kuti chiwunikenso.
③Njira yowunikira mawonekedwe komanso kuwunika kwabwino.
Kuyang'ana kowonekera makamaka kumatengera njira yowonera. Ngati ndi kotheka, imatha kuyang'aniridwa ndi galasi lokulitsa la 3 mpaka 5. Poyang'anira, gwiritsani ntchito kuwala kobalalika kwachilengedwe kapena kuwala koyera kopanda kuwala kowonekera, kuwalako sikuchepera 300 lux, ndipo mtunda pakati pa gawo ndi diso la munthu ndi 250 mm. Ngati batch ndi 100, kukula kwachitsanzo komwe kungatengedwe ndi zidutswa 32; Kupyolera mu kuyang'ana kowoneka kwa zidutswa 32 izi, apeza kuti awiri a iwo ali ndi matuza zokutira ndi zipsera. Popeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosayenera ndi 2, zimaganiziridwa kuti gulu la magawo silili oyenerera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-19-2022