Kaya ndinu SQE kapena mukugula, kaya ndinu abwana kapena mainjiniya, muzoyang'anira zogulitsira zabizinesi, mudzapita kufakitale kuti mukaunike kapena kukayendera kuchokera kwa ena.
Ndiye cholinga cha kuyendera fakitale ndi chiyani? Njira yoyendera fakitale ndi momwe mungakwaniritsire cholinga choyendera fakitale? Ndi misampha yotani yomwe ingatisocheretse pakuweruza kwa zotsatira zoyendera fakitale, kuti tidziwitse opanga omwe sakukwaniritsa filosofi yamakampani ndi zowongolera zomwe zimafunikira mumayendedwe akampani?
Momwe mungapangire akatswiri ofufuza fakitale
1. Kodi cholinga cha kuyendera fakitale ndi chiyani?
M'modzi mwa ogula (makasitomala) akuyembekeza kumvetsetsa bwino za omwe atha kupereka kudzera pakuwunika kwa fakitale, kupeza zidziwitso zenizeni za kuthekera kwa bizinesi, sikelo yopangira, kasamalidwe kabwino, luso laukadaulo, ubale wantchito ndi udindo wa anthu, ndi zina zambiri, ndikufanizira izi. ndi zake Zolowera za wogulitsa zimayikidwa chizindikiro ndikuwunikidwa mozama, ndiyeno kusankha kumapangidwa molingana ndi zotsatira zowunika. Lipoti loyendera fakitale limapereka maziko kwa ogula kuweruza ngati wogulitsa angagwirizane nawo kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kuyendera kwachiwiri kwa fakitale kungathandizenso ogula (makasitomala) kukhala ndi mbiri yabwino komanso chitukuko chokhazikika. Nthawi zambiri zimawoneka kuti ma TV ena akunja amawulula kugwiritsa ntchito ana, kumangidwa kapena kugwiriridwa molakwika ndi mtundu wotchuka, (monga thukuta la Apple ku Vietnam). Zotsatira zake, mitunduyi sinangovutika ndi chindapusa chachikulu, komanso kuyesetsa kwa ogula. kutsutsa.
Masiku ano, kuyang'anira fakitale sikungofunika kokha kwa kampani yogula yokha, komanso ndi gawo lofunikira pansi pa malamulo a ku Ulaya ndi United States.
Zoonadi, mafotokozedwe awa ndi olembedwa pang'ono. M'malo mwake, cholinga choti ambirife tipite ku fakitale ndi chosavuta panthawiyi. Choyamba, tiyenera kuona ngati fakitaleyo ilipo; chachiwiri, tiyenera kuona ngati zinthu zenizeni za fakitale zikugwirizana ndi zipangizo zotsatsira malonda ndi malonda. Ogwira ntchito ananena bwino kwambiri.
Momwe mungapangire akatswiri ofufuza fakitale
2. Njira yoyendera fakitale ndi momwe fakitale ingayendere kuti ikwaniritse cholinga choyendera fakitale?
1. Kulankhulana pakati pa ogula ndi ogulitsa
Fotokozani pasadakhale nthawi yoyendera fakitale, gulu la ogwira ntchito, ndi zinthu zimene zimafuna kugwirizana kwa fakitale pa nthawi yoyendera fakitale.
Anthu ena anthawi zonse amafunikira fakitale kuti ipereke zidziwitso zawo zoyambira fakitale isanayang'anire, monga laisensi yabizinesi, kulembetsa msonkho, banki yotsegulira akaunti, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo ena amafunikanso kudzaza lipoti latsatanetsatane lolemba loperekedwa ndi wogula.
Mwachitsanzo, ndinkagwira ntchito pafakitale ina yothandizidwa ndi ndalama ku Taiwan, ndipo Sony anabwera ku kampani yathu kudzayendera fakitaleyo. Asanayendere fakitale, iwo anapereka lipoti la kuyendera fakitale yawo. Zomwe zili mwatsatanetsatane. Pali mazana a ntchito zazing'ono. Kupanga kwamakampani, Kutsatsa, uinjiniya, mtundu, malo osungira, ogwira ntchito ndi maulalo ena ali ndi zinthu zowunikiranso.
2. Msonkhano woyamba wa kuyendera fakitale
Chidule chachidule kwa onse awiri. Konzani zoperekeza ndikukonza zoyendera fakitale. Ichi ndi chizoloŵezi chofanana ndi kuwunika kwa ISO
3. Kubwereza ndondomeko ya zolemba
Kaya zolembedwa za kampaniyo zatha. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kampaniyo ili ndi dipatimenti yogula zinthu, kodi pali chikalata chokhudza kugula zinthu? Mwachitsanzo, ngati kampaniyo ili ndi mapangidwe ndi chitukuko, kodi pali chikalata chopangira zikalata zamapulogalamu opangira mapangidwe ndi chitukuko? Ngati palibe fayilo yofunikira, ndiyosowa kwambiri.
4. Ndemanga pa malo
Makamaka pitani kumalo kuti muwone, monga msonkhano, nyumba yosungiramo katundu 5S, malo otetezera moto, chizindikiritso cha zinthu zoopsa, chizindikiritso cha zinthu, ndondomeko yapansi ndi zina zotero. Mwachitsanzo, ngati fomu yokonza makina yalembedwa zoona. Pali wina yemwe wasayina ndi zina.
5. Kuyankhulana kwa ogwira ntchito, kuyankhulana kwa utsogoleri
Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zofunsidwa ndi ogwira ntchito kungasankhidwe mwachisawawa pagulu la kampani, kapena kungasankhidwe mwakufuna, monga kusankha mwadala antchito azaka zapakati pa 16 ndi 18, kapena omwe manambala awo amalembedwa ndi ofufuza pa nthawi ya- kuyendera malo Wogwira ntchito.
Zomwe zili mu zokambiranazo zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi malipiro, maola ogwira ntchito komanso malo ogwira ntchito. Pofuna kuteteza ufulu ndi zofuna za ogwira ntchito, ndondomeko yofunsa mafunso imasungidwa mwachinsinsi ndi fakitale, palibe ogwira ntchito pafakitale omwe amaloledwa kukhalapo, komanso saloledwa kukhala m'dera lomwe lili pafupi ndi chipinda chochezera.
Ngati simukumvetsetsabe mafunso ena panthawi yoyendera fakitale, mutha kulumikizananso ndi oyang'anira kampaniyo kuti mudziwe zambiri za momwe zinthu ziliri.
6. Msonkhano wachidule
Ubwino ndi kusagwirizana komwe kumawoneka panthawi yoyendera fakitale ndikufupikitsa. Chidulechi chidzatsimikiziridwa ndikusainidwa ndi fakitale nthawi yomweyo molembedwa. Zinthu zomwe sizikugwirizana ziyenera kusinthidwa, nthawi yoti ziwongoleredwe, ndani azimaliza, ndipo zidziwitso zina zidzatumizidwa kwa woyang'anira fakitale kuti atsimikizire pakapita nthawi. Kuthekera kwa kuyendera fakitale yachiwiri ndi yachitatu sikuletsedwa.
Njira yoyendera fakitale yamakasitomala imakhala yofanana ndi yoyendera fakitale ya ISO, koma pali kusiyana. ISO yowunika fakitale ndikulipiritsa chindapusa cha kampani, kuthandiza kampaniyo kupeza zolakwika ndikuwongolera zolakwikazo ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira.
Makasitomala akabwera kudzafufuza fakitale, amawona makamaka ngati kampaniyo ikukwaniritsa zomwe akufuna komanso ngati ndinu oyenerera kukhala othandizira awo oyenerera. Sakulipirani chindapusa, chifukwa chake ndizovuta kuposa kafukufuku wa ISO.
Njirayi ili motere, ndiye kodi oyang'anira fakitale ya kasitomala angawone bwanji mbali yeniyeni ya bizinesiyo?
Chachitatu, zochitika zenizeni zankhondo zikufupikitsidwa motere:
1. Zolemba ndi mitambo
Kwenikweni, simuyenera kuyang'ana mafayilo amapulogalamu ambiri. Mafayilo a pulogalamuyo ndi osavuta kuchita. Mutha kudutsa fakitale ya ISO. Palibe kwenikweni vuto pankhaniyi. Monga wowunika, kumbukirani kuwerenga zolemba zochepa komanso zolemba zambiri. Onani ngati amatsatira zolembedwa.
2. Mbiri imodzi ilibe tanthauzo
Kuwunikidwa ndi ulusi. Mwachitsanzo, kodi mumafunsa dipatimenti yogula zinthu ngati pali mndandanda wa ogulitsa oyenerera? Mwachitsanzo, ngati mufunsa dipatimenti yokonzekera ngati pali ndondomeko yopangira, mwachitsanzo, ngati mufunsa dipatimenti yamalonda ngati pali ndondomeko yowunikira?
Mwachitsanzo, kodi mumafunsa dipatimenti yabwino ngati pali kuyendera komwe kukubwera? Ngati afunsidwa kuti apeze zida izi payekha, atha kuwapatsadi. Ngati sangathe kuzipereka, fakitale yotere sidzafunika kuunikanso. Ingopita kunyumba ukagone kuti upeze wina.
Kodi ziyenera kuweruzidwa bwanji? Ndi zophweka kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo la kasitomala limasankhidwa mwachisawawa, dipatimenti yazamalonda imayenera kupereka lipoti lowunika za dongosololi, dipatimenti yokonzekera ikufunika kuti ipereke dongosolo lazofunikira zomwe zikugwirizana ndi dongosololi, ndipo dipatimenti yogula imayenera kupereka zogula. dongosolo logwirizana ndi dongosololi, Funsani dipatimenti yogula kuti ipereke ngati opanga pamaoda ogula awa ali pamndandanda wa ogulitsa oyenerera, funsani dipatimenti yapamwamba kuti ipereke lipoti loyendera lazinthu izi, funsani dipatimenti ya engineering kuti ipereke SOP yofananira. , ndipo funsani dipatimenti yopanga zinthu kuti ipereke lipoti la tsiku ndi tsiku la kupanga lolingana ndi dongosolo la kupanga, ndi zina zotero. Dikirani.
Ngati simungapeze mavuto mutayang'ana njira yonse, zikutanthauza kuti fakitale yotereyi ndiyodalirika.
3. Kuwunika kwapamalo ndiye mfundo yofunika kwambiri, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri ndi chakuti pali zida zowunikira zida zopangira zapamwamba.
Zolemba zimatha kulembedwa mokongola ndi anthu angapo, koma sikophweka kubera pamalopo. Makamaka malo ena akufa. Monga zimbudzi, monga masitepe, monga chiyambi chitsanzo pa makina ndi zipangizo, etc. Kuyendera mosayembekezereka ntchito bwino.
4. Kuyankhulana kwa ogwira ntchito, kuyankhulana kwa utsogoleri
Mafunso ndi mameneja atha kupeza mayankho kuchokera ku mayankho awo. Kufunsana ndi antchito kumangomvetsera kuposa kufunsa. Wowunika safuna kampani ya fakitale kuti ikutsatireni. Ndizothandiza kwambiri kupita kumalo odyera ogwira ntchito ndikusankha malo oti mudye chakudya chamadzulo ndi ogwira ntchito ndikucheza mwachisawawa kuposa momwe mumapempha tsiku.
Momwe mungapangire akatswiri ofufuza fakitale
4. Kodi misampha yotani imene ingasokeretse chiweruzo chathu pa zotsatira zoyendera fakitale:
1. Malikulu olembetsedwa.
Anzanu ambiri amaganiza kuti ndalama zambiri zolembetsedwa zikutanthauza kuti fakitale ili ndi mphamvu. Ndipotu sizili choncho. Kaya pali 100w kapena 1000w ku China, kampani yomwe ili ndi likulu lolembetsedwa la 100w kapena 1000w ikhoza kulembetsedwa ku China, koma ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri ku kampani yolembetsedwa ndi wothandizira. Sayenera kutulutsa 100w kapena 1000w kuti alembetse konse.
2. Zotsatira zakuwunika kwa chipani chachitatu, monga kuwunika kwa ISO, kuwunika kwa QS.
Ndizosavuta kupeza chiphaso cha ISO ku China tsopano, ndipo mutha kugula mutawononga 1-2w. Chifukwa chake kunena zoona, sindingagwirizane ndi satifiketi yotsika mtengo ya iso.
Komabe, palinso chinyengo chaching'ono apa. Kukula kwa chiphaso cha ISO cha fakitale, ndikothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa owerengera a ISO safuna kuphwanya zizindikiro zawo. Amatha kugulitsa ziphaso za iso.
Palinso ziphaso za ISO zamakampani odziwika padziko lonse lapansi, monga CQC yaku China, Saibao, ndi TUV yaku Germany.
3. Wangwiro wapamwamba dongosolo.
Zolembazo zidalembedwa bwino kwambiri ndipo kuphedwako ndikovuta. Ngakhale fayilo ndi ntchito yeniyeni ndi zinthu zosiyana. M'mafakitale ena, kuti athe kuthana ndi kuwunikaku, pali anthu apadera omwe amapanga mafayilo a ISO, koma palibe amene amadziwa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amakhala muofesi ndikulemba mafayilo akudziwa za momwe kampaniyo ikugwirira ntchito.
5. Tiyeni timvetsetse kagawidwe ndi njira zoyendera mafakitale amakampani aku Europe ndi America:
Zofufuza zamafakitale zamakampani aku Europe ndi America nthawi zambiri zimatsata mfundo zina, ndipo makampaniwo kapena mabungwe ovomerezeka a gulu lachitatu amafufuza ndi kuwunika kwa ogulitsa.
Makampani osiyanasiyana ali ndi miyezo yowunikira yosiyana pama projekiti osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake kuyang'anira fakitale sizochitika wamba, koma kuchuluka kwa miyezo yokhazikitsidwa ndi yosiyana malinga ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Monga midadada ya Lego, miyezo yosiyanasiyana yowunikira fakitale imamangidwa.
Zigawozi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi: kufufuza zaufulu wa anthu, kufufuza zotsutsana ndi uchigawenga, kufufuza kwapamwamba, ndi kufufuza zachilengedwe, thanzi ndi chitetezo.
Gulu loyamba, kuyendera ufulu wa anthu
Zomwe zimadziwika kuti social responsibility audit, social responsibility audit, social responsibility factory assessment ndi zina zotero. Imagawidwanso kukhala chiphaso chokhazikika chamakampani (monga SA8000, ICTI, BSCI, WRAP, certification SMETA, etc.) ndi kasitomala-mbali yowunikira (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti COC kuyendera fakitale monga: WAL-MART, DISNEY, Carrefour kuyendera fakitale, etc.).
"Kufufuza kwafakitale" kumeneku kumayendetsedwa makamaka m'njira ziwiri.
1. Corporate Social Responsibility Standard Certification
Satifiketi ya Corporate Social Responsibility imatanthawuza ntchito yomwe wopanga machitidwe okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu amaloleza mabungwe ena omwe salowerera ndale kuti awunikenso ngati mabizinesi omwe amapita kuti apambane mulingo wina angakwaniritse zomwe zatchulidwa.
Ndiwogula yemwe amafuna kuti mabizinesi aku China apatsidwe ziphaso zina zapadziko lonse lapansi, zachigawo kapena zamakampani "zachikhalidwe" ndikupeza ziphaso zoyenerera ngati maziko ogulira kapena kuyitanitsa.
Miyezo yotereyi ikuphatikizapo SA8000, ICTI, EICC, WRAP, BSCI, ICS, SMETA, ndi zina zotero.
2. Kuwunika kwamakasitomala (Code of Conduct)
Asanagule zinthu kapena kuyitanitsa zopanga, makampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana amawunikanso kukhazikitsidwa kwaudindo wamabizinesi, makamaka miyezo yantchito, yamabizinesi aku China motsatira miyezo yokhazikitsidwa ndi makampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa kuti machitidwe amakampani.
Nthawi zambiri, makampani akuluakulu komanso apakatikati amitundu yosiyanasiyana ali ndi machitidwe awoawo, monga Wal-Mart, Disney, Nike, Carrefour, BROWNSHOE, PAYLESSS HOESOURCE, VIEWPOINT, Macy's ndi mayiko ena aku Europe ndi America. Makampani amagulu muzovala, nsapato, zofunikira zatsiku ndi tsiku, zogulitsa ndi mafakitale ena. Njirayi imatchedwa kutsimikizika kwa chipani chachiwiri.
Zomwe zili m'ma certification onsewa zimatengera miyezo yapantchito yapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimafuna kuti ogulitsa azichita zina ndi zina malinga ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe moyo wawo ulili.
Poyerekeza, chiphaso cha chipani chachiwiri chinawonekera kale ndipo chimakhala ndi chidziwitso chokulirapo komanso chikoka, pomwe miyezo ndi kuwunikiranso ziphaso za chipani chachitatu ndizokwanira.
Gulu lachiwiri, kuyendera fakitale yolimbana ndi uchigawenga
Chimodzi mwazochita zolimbana ndi zigawenga zomwe zidawoneka pambuyo pa zochitika za 9/11 ku United States mu 2001. Pali mitundu iwiri ya C-TPAT ndi GSV yovomerezeka. Pakadali pano, chovomerezeka kwambiri ndi makasitomala ndi satifiketi ya GSV yoperekedwa ndi ITS.
1. C-TPAT Anti-Terrorism
Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) ikufuna kugwirizana ndi mafakitale oyenerera kuti akhazikitse kasamalidwe ka chitetezo chamsewu kuti awonetsetse chitetezo chamayendedwe, zidziwitso zachitetezo ndi katundu wonyamula katundu kuchokera komwe amachokera kupita komwe akupita. kufalikira, potero kuletsa kulowerera kwa zigawenga.
2. GSV yolimbana ndi uchigawenga
Global Security Verification (GSV) ndi njira yoyendetsera bizinesi yotsogola padziko lonse lapansi yomwe imapereka chithandizo pakukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa njira zachitetezo chapadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza chitetezo chafakitale, malo osungiramo zinthu, kulongedza, kutsitsa ndi kutumiza ndi zina zotero.
Ntchito ya dongosolo la GSV ndikuthandizana ndi ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi ndi ogulitsa kunja kuti alimbikitse chitukuko cha ziphaso zachitetezo chapadziko lonse lapansi, kuthandiza mamembala onse kulimbitsa chitsimikiziro chachitetezo ndi kuwongolera zoopsa, kukonza magwiridwe antchito, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama.
C-TPAT/GSV ndiyoyenera makamaka kwa opanga ndi ogulitsa omwe amatumiza kunja kwa mafakitale onse pamsika waku US, ndipo amatha kulowa ku US kudzera munjira yofulumira, kuchepetsa maulalo oyendera miyambo; Kuti muwonjezere chitetezo chazinthu kuyambira poyambira kupanga mpaka komwe mukupita, chepetsani zotayika ndikupambana amalonda ambiri aku America.
Gulu lachitatu, khalidwe kafukufuku
Zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti kuwunika kwaukadaulo kapena kuyesa mphamvu zopanga, zimatanthawuza kuwunika kwa fakitale kutengera milingo ya wogula wina. Miyezo yake nthawi zambiri si "miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi", yomwe ndi yosiyana ndi chiphaso cha ISO9001 system.
Poyerekeza ndi kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso kafukufuku wotsutsana ndi uchigawenga, kufufuza kwabwino sikuchitika kawirikawiri. Ndipo vuto la kafukufuku ndi locheperako poyerekeza ndi kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Tengani Walmart's FCCA mwachitsanzo.
Dzina lonse la kafukufuku wa fakitale ya Wal-mart yomwe yangokhazikitsidwa kumene ku FCCA ndi: Factory Capability & Capacity Assessment, yomwe ndi kutulutsa kwafakitale ndi kuwunika mphamvu. Kuphatikizapo mbali zotsatirazi:
1. Factory Facilities ndi Chilengedwe
2. Kusintha kwa Makina ndi Kukonza
3. Quality Management System
4. Kuwongolera Zida Zolowera
5. Njira ndi Kuwongolera Kupanga
6. M'nyumba Lab-Kuyesa
7. Kuyendera komaliza
Gulu lachinayi, kafukufuku wazachilengedwe ndi chitetezo
Chitetezo cha chilengedwe, thanzi ndi chitetezo, chidule cha Chingerezi EHS. Pamene anthu onse akuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri zaumoyo ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe, kayendetsedwe ka EHS kasintha kuchoka pa ntchito yothandiza yoyang'anira mabizinesi kukhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la kayendetsedwe kabwino ka mabizinesi.
Makampani omwe pano akufunika kuti awonedwe ndi EHS akuphatikizapo: General Electric, Universal Pictures, Nike, etc.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-03-2022