kuyendera jekete la moyo

Chovala chovala ndi mtundu wa zida zodzitetezera (PPE) zomwe zimasunga munthu akagwa m'madzi. Ponena za luso la ma jekete a moyo, pali miyezo yapadziko lonse ndi malamulo a dziko. Zovala zowoneka bwino zowoneka bwino ndi ma jekete okhala ndi thovu komanso ma jekete okhala ndi inflatable. Ndi miyezo yotani yoyendera ma jekete amoyo? Momwe mungayang'anire jekete lamoyo la inflatable?

01 moyo jekete yoyendera muyezo

1. Muyezo woyendera ma jekete amoyo omwe amatha kufufuma

Tumizani kumayiko a EU- Ma jekete amoyo ayenera kukhala ogwirizana ndi CE (kapena ISO). Pali magawo atatu a certification, omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi kutsika kocheperako koperekedwa ndi jacket ya moyo, yofotokozedwa ku Newtons: 100N - poyenda m'madzi otetezedwa kapena kuyenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja 150N - paulendo wapanyanja 275N - pakuyenda panyanja yakuzama ndikutuluka m'malo ovuta kwambiri United States. - Mulingo uwu umaperekedwa ndi United States Coast Guard (USCG). Miyezo ya 2 ya certification imasiyanitsidwa makamaka kutengera kukula kochepa, kofanana ndi miyezo yaku Europe. Mulingo Woyamba: 150N wa jekete zowongoka (100N za jekete zokhala ndi thovu). Zoyenera pamitundu yonse yapanyanja, kuphatikiza zovuta kwambiri. Mzere Wachiwiri: 100N wa jekete zowongoka (70N za ma jekete a thovu). Oyenera kuyenda panyanja komanso m'madzi opanda malire.

2.Miyezo yapadziko lonse yoyezetsa ma jekete amoyo

GB/T 4303-2008 Marine moyo jekete GB/T 5869-2010 Moyo jekete nyali GB/T 32227-2015 Marine moyo jekete GB/T 32232-2015 Ana moyo jekete GB/T 36508-2018 Aviation inflatable moyo jekete1 GB 4122 GB moyo jekete-2017 Marine Inflatable life jacket

Nthawi zonse, ma jekete odziyimira pawokha amayenera kukwaniritsa zomwe zikuchitika mdzikolo komanso zomwe mukuchita.

Pa Julayi 13, 2022, muyezo wovomerezeka wa GB 41731-2022 "Marine Inflatable Life Jackets" udatulutsidwa ndipo ukhazikitsidwa mwalamulo pa February 1, 2023.

02 Zofunikira pakuwunika kowoneka bwino kwa ma jekete amoyo okhala ndi inflatable 

1. Mtundu wa ma jekete okhala ndi inflatable m'madzi (omwe amatchedwanso "ma jekete a moyo") ayenera kukhala ofiira alalanje, achikasu-lalanje kapena owoneka bwino.

2. Chovala chovalacho chiyenera kuvala mbali zonse popanda kusiyanitsa. Ngati ikhoza kuvala mbali imodzi yokha, iyenera kuwonetsedwa bwino pa jekete la moyo.

3. Chovala chovalacho chizikhala ndi kutseka kwachangu komanso kosavuta kwa wovala ndikumanga mwachangu komanso kolondola popanda kuluka.

4. Chophimbacho chiyenera kulembedwa ndi kutalika kwake ndi kulemera kwake zomwe zikusonyezedwa patebulo lotsatirali pa mbali yake yodziwikiratu, ndipo chizindikiro cha "Jacket ya Moyo wa Ana" chiyeneranso kulembedwa pa jekete la moyo la ana owuma.

5. Pamene mutuwo uli mu static equilibrium m'madzi, gawo lonse la tepi yobwerezabwereza yomwe imamangiriridwa kunja kwa jekete la moyo pamwamba pa madzi sikhala pansi pa 400cm, ndipo tepi yobwereranso idzakwaniritsa zofunikira. ya IMO Resolution MSC481(102).

6. Ngati jekete la moyo wa munthu wamkulu silinapangidwe kwa anthu olemera kuposa 140kg ndi chifuwa chachikulu kuposa 1750mm, zipangizo zoyenera ziyenera kuperekedwa kotero kuti jekete lodzitetezera likhoza kumangirizidwa kwa anthu oterowo.

7. Jacket yopulumutsirayo iyenera kupangidwa ndi chingwe choponyedwa choponyedwa kapena zida zina kuti imangirire ku jekete yodzitetezera yomwe imavalidwa ndi munthu wina m'madzi owuma;

8. Jacket yopulumutsira moyo iyenera kupangidwa ndi chipangizo chonyamulira kapena chomata chokokera yemwe wavala kuchokera m'madzi kulowa muboti kapena bwato lopulumutsira anthu.

9. Jekete la moyo liyenera kupangidwa ndi nyali ya jekete ya moyo, yomwe iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira.

10. Chovala chovalacho chiyenera kudalira chipinda cha mpweya wopukutidwa monga kukwera, ndipo pasakhale ndi zipinda ziwiri zodziyimira pawokha, ndipo kukwera kwa mitengo ya chipinda chilichonse cha mpweya sayenera kusokoneza chikhalidwe cha zipinda zina za mpweya. Pambuyo pa kumizidwa m'madzi, payenera kukhala zambiri zowuma zipinda ziwiri zodziyimira pawokha zomwe zimangowonjezedwa, ndipo chida cha inflation chiyenera kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo chipinda chilichonse cha mpweya chikhoza kutenthedwa pakamwa.

11. Jacket yopulumutsa moyo iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zipinda za mpweya zimataya mphamvu.

03 Zofunikira pakuwunika ma jekete amoyo omwe amatha kufufuma m'madzi 

1 Nsalu zokutira za zipinda za mpweya wopukutira

1.1 Kumatira kumatira Mtengo wapakati wa zomatira zowuma ndi zonyowa siziyenera kukhala zosachepera 50N/50mm. 1.2 Mphamvu ya misozi Yapakati mphamvu ya misozi siyenera kukhala yochepera 35 N. 1.3 Kuthyola mphamvu ndi kusweka kwa elongation Mtengo wapakati wa mphamvu zowuma ndi zonyowa siziyenera kukhala zosakwana 200N, ndipo kutalika kwake sikuyenera kupitirira 60%. 1.4 Flexural crack resistance Pambuyo pa kuyesa kwa flexural crack resistance, pasakhale ming'alu yowoneka kapena kuwonongeka. 1.5 Kuthamanga kwamtundu mpaka kupukuta Kuthamanga kwamtundu wouma ndi wonyowa pakupaka sikuyenera kuchepera giredi 3. 1.6 Kuthamanga kwamtundu mpaka kuunika Kuthamanga kwamtundu pakuwala sikuyenera kuchepera giredi 5. 1.7 Kuthamanga kwamtundu kumadzi a m'nyanja Kuthamanga kwamtundu kumadzi a m'nyanja kuyenera osachepera giredi 4.

2Lamba2.1 Standard state kuswa mphamvu Avereji yosweka mphamvu sayenera kukhala osachepera 1600N2.2 Avereji kuswa mphamvu pambuyo ukalamba sayenera kuchepera 1600N, ndipo sayenera kukhala osachepera 60% ya muyezo boma kuswa mphamvu.

3Buckle3.1 Mphamvu yosweka yanthawi zonse Mphamvu yosweka yapakati sikuyenera kukhala yochepera 1600N. 3.2 Kuthyola mphamvu pambuyo pa ukalamba Mphamvu yosweka yapakati sikhala yochepera 1600N, ndipo sikhala pansi pa 60% ya mphamvu yosweka mu chikhalidwe chokhazikika. 3.3 Kuthyola mphamvu pambuyo popopera mchere Mphamvu yapakati yosweka sikhala yochepera 1600N, ndipo sikhala pansi pa 60% ya mphamvu yosweka muboma lokhazikika.

04 Zofunikira zina zowunikira ma jekete amoyo omwe amatha kufufuma m'madzi

1.Mluzu- Mluzu wokhala ndi jekete lodzitetezera uyenera kumveka m'mlengalenga ukangomizidwa m'madzi abwino ndikutuluka. Kuthamanga kwa mawu kuyenera kufika 100dB (A). - Mluzu uyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zopanda zitsulo, zopanda zitsulo pamwamba, ndipo ukhoza kupanga phokoso popanda kudalira chinthu chilichonse kuti chisunthe. - Mluzuwo umamangiriridwa ku jekete la moyo ndi chingwe chopyapyala, ndipo kuyika kwake sikuyenera kusokoneza ntchito ya jekete la moyo, ndipo manja a mwiniwake ayenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito. - Mphamvu ya chingwe chopyapyala chiyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za 52 mu GB/T322348-2015

2.Kutentha kuzunguliraPambuyo pa 10 kutentha ndi kutsika kwa kutentha, yang'anani mawonekedwe a jekete la moyo. Jacket yopulumutsirayo isawonetse zizindikiro za kuwonongeka, monga kuchepa, kusweka, kutupa, kusweka, kapena kusintha kwa makina.

3.Kuchita kwa inflatable- Makina odziyimira pawokha komanso pamanja akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti afufuze nthawi ikangotha ​​kutentha, ndipo ma jekete okhala ndi moyo ayenera kukwezedwa mokwanira. - Pambuyo pa kusungidwa m'malo otentha kwambiri a 40 ° C ndi kutentha kwa -15 ° C kwa maola 8, malaya amoyo ayenera kudzazidwa ndi dongosolo la inflation system.

4. Pambuyo pomizidwa m'madzi atsopano kwa maola 24, kutayika kwake kwa buoyancy imfa sikuyenera kupitirira 5%.

5. Kuwotcha kukanaChowotcha chowotcha chawotcha kwa 2s. Mukachoka pamoto, yang'anani maonekedwe a jekete la moyo. Siyenera kupitiriza kuyaka kupitirira 6s kapena kupitiriza kusungunuka.

6. Mphamvu- Mphamvu ya thupi ndi mphete yonyamulira: thupi ndi mphete yonyamulira ya jekete ya moyo iyenera kupirira mphamvu ya 3200N kwa 30min popanda kuwonongeka, ndipo jekete lamoyo ndi mphete yonyamulira iyenera kupirira ntchito ya 2400N kwa 30min popanda kuwonongeka kwa makutu. -Kulimba kwa mapewa: Paphewa la jekete la moyo liyenera kupirira mphamvu ya 900N kwa 30min popanda kuwonongeka, ndipo phewa la moyo wa ana liyenera kupirira mphamvu ya 700N kwa 30min popanda kuwonongeka.

7.Wovala- Popanda chitsogozo, 75% ya ophunzira ayenera kuvala ma jekete odzipulumutsa moyo moyenera mkati mwa 1min, ndipo pambuyo pa chitsogozo, 100% ya ophunzira ayenera kuvala ma jekete opulumutsa moyo moyenera mkati mwa 1min. - Pansi pa kavalidwe ka nyengo yachigawo, 100% mwa maphunziro omwe atchulidwa mu 4.91 ayenera kuvala jekete yodzitetezera moyenera mkati mwa 1min - Mayeso amayenera kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma jekete amoyo omwe ali ndi mpweya komanso osakwera.

8.Kuchita kwamadzi- Kubwezeretsanso: Wophunzirayo atavala jekete lamoyo, nthawi yobwezeretsa siyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa nthawi yobwezeretsanso kuphatikiza 1s mutavala jekete lachidziwitso cha akulu akulu (RTD). Ngati pali "zopanda kutembenuza", chiwerengero cha "osatembenuza" sichiyenera kupitirira chiwerengero cha nthawi zomwe RTD imavala. RTD idzakwaniritsa zofunikira mu IMO MSC.1/Circ1470 - Static balance: Wophunzirayo akakhala pa static balance ndi lifejacket yosankhidwa ikuyang'ana mmwamba, ikwaniritsa zofunika izi. a) Kutalika koonekera bwino: Kutalika komveka bwino kwa maphunziro onse kuyenera kukhala kochepa kusiyana ndi kutalika komveka bwino pamene muvala RTD kuchotsera 10mmo b) Ngongole ya Torso: Pakati pa thunthu la maphunziro onse sayenera kucheperapo kusiyana ndi kutalika kwa thunthu pamene muvala RTD kuchotsera 10mmo Pitani ku 10°-kudumphira ndikugwera m'madzi: Mukagwera m'madzi ndikudumphira pamalo oyimilira mutavala jekete yodzitetezera, ogwira ntchito yoyezetsa akwaniritse izi: a) Yesetsani kuyang'ana m'mwamba, ndipo kutalika kwabwino kwa onse ogwira ntchito yoyesera kuchokera pamwamba pamadzi si osachepera 5103 Avereji ya kutalika koonekera bwino mukavala RTD monga momwe zimakhalira poyesa kuchotsera 15mm: b) Jacket ya moyo sichimachoka ndipo sichivulaza ogwira ntchito: c) sichimakhudza madzi. Kugwira ntchito kapena kusweka kwa cell ya buoyancy: d) sikupangitsa kuwala kwa jacket ya lifejacket kugwa kapena kuwonongeka. - Kukhazikika: Phunziro likakhala m'madzi, chovala chodzitetezera sichiyenera kugwedezeka uku ndi uku kuti nkhope ya wophunzirayo ikhale kunja kwa madzi. Osachepera chiwerengero chofanana cha maphunziro omwe ali m'boma lomwelo ngati atavala RTD. - Kusambira ndi kutuluka m'madzi: Mukatha kusambira kwa 25m, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amavala ma jekete omwe amatha kukwera pa raft kapena papulatifomu yolimba ya 300mm pamwamba pa madzi sayenera kuchepera 2/3 mwa chiwerengero cha maphunziro. opanda zovala zodzitetezera .

9 .Inflatable mutu katunduPambuyo pamutu wopukutidwa ndi mphamvu ya (220±10)N kuchokera kumbali zonse, sikuyenera kuwononga. Chophimbacho sayenera kutulutsa mpweya ndikukhala opanda mpweya kwa mphindi 30.

10.PopanikizikaChovala chodzitetezera chomwe chili bwino sichiyenera kukhala ndi kutupa kapena kusintha kwa makina atanyamula katundu wa 75kg, ndipo pasakhale mpweya wotuluka.

11. Kuchita zokakamiza- Kupsyinjika mopitirira muyeso: Lifejacket iyenera kupirira kupanikizika kwambiri kwamkati kutentha kwapakati. Iyenera kukhala yosasunthika ndikusunga kupanikizika kumeneku kwa 30min.-Valavu yotulutsa: Ngati moyo wa jekete uli ndi valve yotulutsa, iyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kupanikizika kowonjezereka kumatulutsidwa. Lifejacket idzakhalabe yosasunthika ndikukhalabe ndi mphamvu yake kwa mphindi 30, sichidzawonetsa zizindikiro zowonongeka monga kuphulika, kutupa kapena kusintha kwa makina, ndipo sizidzawononga mowonekera ziwalo zopuma. - Kusungirako mpweya: Chipinda chamoyo cha jekete chowotcha mpweya chimadzazidwa ndi mpweya, ndikuyikidwa kutentha kwa maola 12, kutsika kwapansi sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa 10%.

12.Zigawo zachitsulo- Zitsulo ndi zigawo zake pa jekete zopulumutsa moyo ziyenera kugonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri lamadzi am'nyanja. Pambuyo poyesa kupopera mchere molingana ndi 5.151, zigawo zachitsulo sizidzawonetsa dzimbiri kapena mphamvu pazigawo zina za jekete lamoyo ndipo sizidzasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a jekete la moyo. - Pamene mbali zachitsulo za jekete la moyo zimayikidwa pamtunda wa 500mm kuchokera ku kampasi ya maginito, mphamvu ya zitsulo pa kampasi ya maginito sayenera kupitirira 5 °.

13. Pewani kukwera mtengo kolakwikaChophimbacho chiyenera kukhala ndi ntchito yoteteza kukwera kwa mitengo mwangozi. Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi miyezo yoyendera ma jekete oyendetsa moyo omwe amatumizidwa ku European Union, United States, miyezo yoyenera ya dziko la jekete zodzitetezera, ndi zinthu, maonekedwe ndi zofunikira zoyendera pa malo a jekete zapanyanja zapanyanja zokhala ndi inflatable.