Low Voltage Directive Amakhala Chotchinga Chiwopsezo Chachikulu, Momwe Mungayankhire ku Zida Zamagetsi Zotumiza kunja Kuti Mupewe Kukumbukira

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za EU Safety door system (EU RAPEX), mu 2020, EU idapereka zidziwitso zokwana 272 zomwe sizinagwirizane ndi Low Voltage Directive. Mu 2021, zokumbukira zonse 233 zidaperekedwa; Zogulitsazo zimaphatikizapo ma charger a USB, ma adapter amagetsi, zingwe zamagetsi, magetsi akunja, zokongoletsa zowala ndi zinthu zina zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi. Chifukwa chake ndikuti chitetezo chachitetezo cha zinthuzi sichikwanira, ogula amatha kukhudza magawo amoyo ndikuyambitsa kugwedezeka kwamagetsi, zomwe sizigwirizana ndi Low Voltage Directive ndi miyezo ya EU EN62368 ndi EN 60598. Low Voltage Directive yakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. chotchinga kuti zinthu zamagetsi zilowe mu EU.

"Low Voltage Directive" ndi "Low Voltage"

"Low Voltage Directive" (LVD):Poyambilira mu 1973 ngati Directive 73/23/EEC, Directive yasinthidwa kangapo ndipo idasinthidwa mu 2006.

mpaka 2006/95/EC malinga ndi malamulo a EU okonzekera malamulo, koma chinthucho sichinasinthe. Mu March 2014, European Union inalengeza za mtundu watsopano wa Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU, umene unalowa m’malo mwa Directive woyambirira wa 2006/95/EC. Lamulo latsopanoli linayamba kugwira ntchito pa April 20, 2016.

Cholinga cha LVD Directive ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndikupangidwa mkati mwa European Union ndizotetezeka kwa ogula zikamagwira ntchito moyenera kapena zikalephera.“低电压”:

LVD Directive imatanthauzira zinthu za "low voltage" ngati zida zamagetsi zokhala ndi voliyumu ya 50-1000 volts AC kapena 75-1500 volts DC.

Zindikirani:Zogulitsa zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yotsika kuposa 50 volts AC kapena zosakwana 75 volts DC zimayendetsedwa ndi EU General Product Safety Directive (2001/95/EC) ndipo sizigwera mkati mwa Low Voltage Directive. Zinthu zina monga zinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimaphulika mumlengalenga, zida za radiological ndi zamankhwala, mapulagi apanyumba ndi soketi sizikuphatikizidwa ndi Low Voltage Directive.

Poyerekeza ndi 2006/95/EC, zosintha zazikulu za 2014/35/EU:

1. Kuwonetsetsa kuti msika ukupezeka mosavuta komanso chitetezo chapamwamba.

2. Anafotokoza udindo wa opanga, ogulitsa kunja ndi ogulitsa.

3. Limbikitsani kutsata ndi kuyang'anira zofunika pazachilema.

4. N'zoonekeratu kuti wopanga amayenera kuyesa yekha, ndipo palibe chifukwa choti bungwe lachitatu lidziwitse lilowererepo.

Zofunikira za LVD Directive

Zofunikira za malangizo a LVD zitha kufotokozedwa mwachidule ngati zolinga 10 zachitetezo pansi pamikhalidwe itatu:

1. Zofunikira pachitetezo pazambiri:(1) Kuwonetsetsa kuti zida zamagetsi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera malinga ndi cholinga cha kapangidwe kake, ndipo magwiridwe antchito amayenera kudziwika pazida kapena pa lipoti lomwe laperekedwa. (2) Mapangidwe a zipangizo zamagetsi ndi zigawo zake zidzaonetsetsa kuti zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi kulumikizidwa mosamala komanso moyenera. (3) Ngati zidazo zikugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi cholinga chake ndikusamalidwa bwino, mapangidwe ake ndi kupanga kwake zidzatsimikizira kuti zingathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira zotetezera zoopsa pazochitika ziwiri zotsatirazi.2. Zofunikira pachitetezo chachitetezo pomwe zida zokha zipanga zoopsa:(1) Chitetezo chokwanira cha anthu ndi ziweto ku kuvulala kwakuthupi kapena zoopsa zina zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kukhudzana mwachindunji kapena kosalunjika. (2) Palibe kutentha kowopsa, ma arcing kapena ma radiation omwe angapangidwe. (3) Chitetezo chokwanira cha anthu, ziweto ndi katundu ku zoopsa zomwe sizili zamagetsi (monga moto) chifukwa cha zipangizo zamagetsi. (4) Kutetezedwa koyenera kwa kutchinjiriza pansi pazomwe zikuwonekera.3. Zofunikira pachitetezo chachitetezo pomwe zida zimakhudzidwa ndi zikoka zakunja:(1) Kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamakina zomwe zikuyembekezeka ndipo sizingawononge anthu, ziweto ndi katundu. (2) Kulimbana ndi zisonkhezero zopanda makina zomwe zimayembekezeredwa kuti zisamawononge anthu, ziweto ndi katundu. (3) Kusaika pachiwopsezo anthu, ziweto ndi katundu zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira.

Malangizo Othana Ndi Mavuto:Kutsatira miyezo yogwirizana ndi njira yabwino yothanirana ndi LVD Directive. "Miyezo Yogwirizana" ndi gulu laukadaulo lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zamalamulo, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mabungwe aku Europe monga CEN (European Committee for Standardization) kutengera zofunikira za EU, ndipo amasindikizidwa pafupipafupi mu Official Journal of the European Union. Miyezo yambiri yogwirizana imawunikidwanso molingana ndi miyezo ya IEC ya International Electrotechnical Commission. Mwachitsanzo, mulingo wovomerezeka wa ma charger a USB, EN62368, amasinthidwa kuchokera ku IEC62368. Chaputala 3, Gawo 12 la LVD Directive chimamveketsa bwino kuti, monga maziko oyambira owunika kutsatiridwa, zinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo yolumikizana zidzaganiziridwa mwachindunji kuti zikukwaniritsa zolinga zachitetezo cha Low Voltage Directive. Zogulitsa zomwe sizinasindikize miyezo yogwirizana ziyenera kuwunikiridwa potengera miyezo ya IEC kapena milingo yamayiko omwe ali mamembala molingana ndi njira zofananira.

Momwe mungalembetsere chiphaso cha CE-LVD

Malinga ndi LVD Directive, opanga zinthu zamagetsi amatha kukonza zikalata zaukadaulo, kuwunika zofananira, ndikulemba zidziwitso za EU pawokha, popanda kukhudzidwa ndi mabungwe ena. Koma kufunsira satifiketi ya CE-LVD nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosavuta kuzindikirika ndi msika ndikuwongolera kusavuta kwa malonda ndi kufalikira.

Njira zotsatirazi zimatsatiridwa nthawi zambiri: 1. Tumizani zikalata zofunsira ku bungwe lovomerezeka, monga zikalata zofunsira zomwe zili ndi zidziwitso zoyambira za omwe adzalembetse ntchito ndi katundu. 2. Tumizani bukhu la malangizo a mankhwala ndi zikalata zaumisiri wazinthu (monga zojambula zomangira dera, mndandanda wa zigawo ndi zida zotsimikizira zinthu, ndi zina). 3. Bungwe la certification limayesa zinthu molingana ndi miyezo yoyenera, ndipo limapereka lipoti loyesa malondawo atapambana mayeso. 4. Bungwe la certification limapereka satifiketi ya CE-LVD molingana ndi chidziwitso choyenera ndi lipoti la mayeso.

Zogulitsa zomwe zapeza satifiketi ya CE-LVD ziyenera kusungitsa chitetezo chazinthu, ndipo sizingasinthe mosasamala mawonekedwe, ntchito, ndi zigawo zazikulu, ndikusunga chidziwitso chofananira chaukadaulo kuti chiziyang'aniridwa ndikuwunika.

Malangizo ena: Imodzi ndikulimbikitsa kutsata kwamphamvu kwa malangizo. Tsatirani mosamalitsa mayendedwe a malamulo ndi miyezo yogwirizana monga EU LVD Directive, dziwani zofunikira zaukadaulo zaposachedwa, ndipo konzani kamangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake pasadakhale. Chachiwiri ndi kulimbikitsa kufufuza chitetezo cha mankhwala. Pazinthu zomwe zili ndi miyezo yogwirizana, kuwongolera kwaubwino kumayikidwa patsogolo pamiyezo yogwirizana, ndipo zinthu zopanda miyezo yogwirizana zimayikidwa patsogolo kuti zitchule miyezo ya IEC, ndipo kuyeserera kutsata kwa gulu lachitatu kumachitika pakafunika. Chachitatu ndikulimbitsa chitetezo chamgwirizano. LVD Directive ili ndi zofunikira zomveka bwino pamaudindo a opanga, ogulitsa kunja ndi ogulitsa.