Mu Januware 2022, mgwirizano wachigawo wachigawo chapakati pazachuma (RCEP) unayamba kugwira ntchito, kuphatikiza mayiko 10 a ASEAN, China, Japan, South Korea, Australia ndi New Zealand. Maiko 15 omwe ali mamembala amatenga pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu padziko lapansi, ndipo zinthu zonse zomwe amagulitsa kunja zimakhala pafupifupi 30% ya chiwonkhetso chapadziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2021, China idatumiza 562.31 biliyoni ya nsalu ndi zovala kumayiko omwe ali membala wa RCEP, zomwe zidatenga 27.6% ya mtengo wonse waku China wa nsalu ndi zovala. Malinga ndi dziko limodzi, pakati pa misika khumi yapamwamba yogulitsa nsalu ndi zovala ku China, mayiko omwe ali mamembala a RCEP amawerengera asanu, omwe ndi Japan, Vietnam, South Korea, Australia ndi Malaysia, omwe amatumiza kunja kwa yuan biliyoni 129.51, 113.78 biliyoni, 65.02 biliyoni. yuan, yuan biliyoni 44.07 ndi yuan biliyoni 41.93 motsatana, ndi 6.4%, 5.6%, 3.2%, 2.2% ndi 2.1% pamtengo wonse wotumizira kunja kwa nsalu ndi zovala zaku China.
Chithunzi chojambula cha zovala ndi zovala zaku China zomwe zimatumizidwa kumayiko omwe ali mamembala a RCEP mu 2021
Pofuna kukwaniritsa bwino zofunika za "kusamalira ndi kuphunzira njira zamakono zamalonda za mayiko omwe ali mamembala a RCEP" mu malingaliro otsogolera a Unduna wa Zamalonda ndi madipatimenti ena asanu ndi limodzi pa kukhazikitsidwa kwapamwamba kwa mgwirizano wa mgwirizano wachuma wachigawo. (RCEP), tsopano tikusonkhanitsa ndikukonza njira zaukadaulo zamalonda za nsalu ndi zovala za RCEP, ndi cholinga chopereka chitsogozo kwa mabizinesi a nsalu ndi zovala kuti apange msika wa RCEP.
Japan
01 ulamuliro wowongolera
Mabungwe oyendetsa zovala ndi zovala ku Japan makamaka akuphatikiza Unduna wa Zaumoyo, Ntchito ndi Ufulu (MHLW), Unduna wa Zachuma, Makampani (METI), bungwe loona zamalonda (CAA) ndi Bungwe la Forodha ku Japan ndi Tariff Bureau. 02 malamulo luso ndi miyezo
Zofunikira pazambiri zamalebulo apamwamba a nsalu ndi zovala zimatchulidwa mulamulo lazolemba zamtundu wa katundu wapanyumba ① ndi malamulo amtundu wa nsalu ②. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, onani JIS L 0001:2014 chizindikiritso cha kuchapa ndi kukonza zolemba za nsalu ③. Lamulo lokhudza kuwongolera zinthu zoopsa m'zinthu zapakhomo ④ ndi malamulo ake oyendetsera ⑤ amawongolera zinthu zoopsa mu nsalu ndi zovala, ndikulemba mayina, zinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi njira zoyesera za zinthu zoopsa. Ndondomeko yoyendetsera zinthu zowopsa m'nkhani zapakhomo ⑥ imawonjezera zomwe zimafunikira. Lamulo loyang'anira pakuwunikiridwa pang'ono kwa lamulo lokakamiza pakuwunika ndi kupanga zinthu zamankhwala ⑦ likunena kuti kuitanitsa nsalu ndi zovala zomwe zili ndi perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) ndi mchere wake ndizoletsedwa. Ndime 8-3 ya lamulo loteteza moto ⑧ imafotokoza za kuyatsa ndi zofunikira za nsalu ndi zovala zina. Onani zida zoyenera ⑨ za Japan Fire Protection Association kuti mumve zambiri. Lamulo lachitetezo chazinthu ⑩ limafotokoza kuti wopanga azinyamula udindo wa imfa, kuvulala kapena kuwonongeka kwa katundu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zinthu (monga singano zosweka). Kuphatikiza apo, zovala ndi zovala zogwiritsa ntchito ubweya kapena zikopa ziyeneranso kukwaniritsa zofunikira za Msonkhano wa Washington, mchitidwe wosaka nyama zakuthengo, Livestock Infectious Disease Control Act, ndi chitetezo chamtundu wa nyama zakuthengo zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha.
03 ndondomeko yowunikira mogwirizana
1. Pambuyo poyesedwa kunja kwa nsalu ndi zovala ndi bungwe losankhidwa kuti ligwirizane ndi miyezo ya mafakitale a Japan JIS, chizindikiro cha JIS chikhoza kuikidwa pazitsulo, kusonyeza kuti apeza chiphaso cha JIS cha Japan Industrial Standards Investigation Association. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja kusonyeza kuti malonda akugwirizana ndi mfundo za JIS; Zizindikiro zotsatizana ndi kukonza mfundo zaukadaulo; Chizindikiro chomwe chimagwirizana ndi miyezo ya JIS yomwe imatchula zinthu zina zapadera monga magwiridwe antchito, chitetezo, ndi zina.
2. Zovala ndi zovala zimathanso kumangirizidwa ndi ziyeneretso zodzifunira, monga chizindikiro cha SIF (chiphaso cha zinthu zapamwamba za Japan textile quality and Technology Center), chizindikiro cha silika (zopangidwa zotsimikiziridwa ndi International Silk Textile Association zimapangidwa ndi 100% silika ), chizindikiro cha hemp (chiphaso cha zinthu zapamwamba za Japan linen, ramie ndi jute Textile Manufacturers Association), chizindikiro cha SEK (zinthu zotsimikiziridwa ndi Japan Textile Function Evaluation Association) ndi Q mark (chiphaso cha zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri za Q mark Committee) . 3. Unduna wa Zachuma, Zamalonda ndi Zamakampani ku Japan umayang'anira msika kudzera poyang'anira malo ndi malipoti a anthu, ndipo adzadziwitsa wopanga kapena wogulitsa kuti akonze nsalu ndi zovala zomwe zili zosayenera kapena zosalembedwa molingana ndi malamulo omwe ali pamwambawa. Ngati woyendetsa bizinesiyo alephera kukonza munthawi yake, woyendetsa bizinesiyo adzaweruzidwa kuti akhale m'ndende kwanthawi yosapitilira chaka chimodzi komanso chindapusa chosapitilira 1 miliyoni yen molingana ndi zomwe zili mulamulo la kukhazikika kwa mafakitale ku Japan.
04 malangizo ofunda
Makampani ogulitsa nsalu ndi zovala ayenera kuyang'anira kuyang'anira zinthu zovulaza za zinthu zapakhomo ku Japan, makamaka zinthu zomwe sizinatchulidwe pamiyezo yovomerezeka ya nsalu ndi zovala za ku China, monga zoletsa moto, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, fungicide ndi nkhungu zomaliza, perfluorooctanoic. acid (PFOA) ndi mchere wake. Japan amafuna kuti formaldehyde zili mankhwala mwana wosakwana miyezi 24 ayenera kukhala zosakwana 16mg/kg, amene ndi okhwima kuposa zimene GB 18401 (20mg/kg) ku China. Chidwi chiyeneranso kuperekedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, Japan ili ndi zofunika zokhwima za singano zosweka, ndipo zovala zotumizidwa kunja zimayenera kuwunika masingano osweka. Akuti mabizinesi azigwiritsa ntchito makina oyesera singano kuti alimbikitse kuwunika.
Vietnam
01 ulamuliro wowongolera
Miyezo yachitetezo cha nsalu ndi zovala ku Vietnam imapangidwa ndi General Administration of standards, metrology and quality (stameq) pansi pa Unduna wa Sayansi ndiukadaulo, womwe umayang'anira kukhazikika, metrology, zokolola ndi kasamalidwe kabwino. Unduna wa zamafakitale ndi malonda uli ndi udindo woyang’anira chitetezo cha nsalu ndi zovala. Dipatimenti ya sayansi ndi ukadaulo yomwe ili pansi pa undunawu ndi yomwe ili ndi udindo wowunika ndikuwunikanso mafayilo olembetsa mabizinesi a mabungwe omwe ali ndi ziphaso, zowunikira ndi kuyesa, ndipo dipatimenti yowona zamisika yoyang'anira misika yomwe ili pansi pa Undunawu ndiyomwe ili ndi udindo wokonza ndi kutsogolera magawo oyang'anira misika m'maboma ndi ma municipalities. pansi pa Boma kuti liyang'ane, kuwongolera ndi kuthana ndi kuphwanya malamulo amtundu wazinthu ndi katundu. Zovala ndi zovala zochokera kunja zidzatulutsidwa ndi miyambo.
02 malamulo luso ndi miyezo
Malamulo aukadaulo aku Vietnam ndi qcvn: 01 / 2017 / BCT malamulo aukadaulo amtundu wa formaldehyde ndi utoto wa azo omwe amatha kuwola kukhala mamines onunkhira muzovala (malamulo operekedwa 21 / 2017 / tt-bct ⑪ ndi zosintha zotsatizana 2007 / / tt-bct ⑫ ndi 20 / 2018 / tt-bct ⑬). Malamulo olembera katundu ⑭ amafotokoza zofunikira zolembera pazinthu zomwe zimagulitsidwa ku Vietnam. Zolembazo ziyenera kulembedwa mu Vietnamese, kuphatikiza kapangidwe ka fiber, mawonekedwe aukadaulo, zidziwitso zochenjeza, malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi kusunga, chaka chopanga, ndi zina zambiri.
03 ndondomeko yowunikira mogwirizana
1. Zogulitsa ndi zinthu zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamsika waku Vietnamese ziyenera kutsata zomwe qcvn: 01 / 2017 / BCT malamulo aukadaulo amtundu wa formaldehyde ndi utoto wa azo omwe amatha kuwola kukhala ma amine onunkhira muzovala; Mogwirizana ndi Chidziwitso No. 28 / 2012 / tt-bkhcn ⑮ ndi Notice No. 02 / 2017 / tt-bkhcn ⑯ ya Unduna wa Sayansi ndi Ukadaulo, chizindikiro cha Conformity (CRmark) chidzasindikizidwa. 2. Chilolezo chololeza ndi kutumiza kunja ku Vietnam chimafuna zolemba zosiyanasiyana zomwe zafotokozedwa mu 38 / 2015 / tt-btc ⑰, 39 / 2018 / tt-btc ⑱, 60 / 2019 / tt-btc ⑲ ndi 06 / 2021 / tt-btc datedc Januwale 22, 2021. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo latsopano la kasitomu, chilolezo chapakompyuta pamilandu chiyenera kuchitidwa mwalamulo.
04 malangizo ofunda
Zoletsa pazinthu zovulaza mu nsalu ndi zovala ku Vietnam ndizomasuka kuposa zaku China. Mwachitsanzo, zofunikira za formaldehyde m'nkhani za makanda ndi ana osakwana miyezi 36 siziposa 30mg / kg (20mg / kg ku China), ndi 22 azo zinthu siziposa 30mg / kg (24 azo zinthu sizili zambiri. kuposa 20mg / kg ku China). Kutumiza ku Vietnam kudzayang'ana pa zofunikira za qcvn: 01 / 2017 / BCT malamulo aukadaulo adziko lonse pazomwe zili mu formaldehyde ndi utoto wa azo omwe amatha kuwola kukhala ma amine onunkhira muzovala, monga chizindikiro chofananira ndikulengeza kuti zikugwirizana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-22-2022