Njira yotukula msika wamalonda waku Vietnam.
1. Ndizinthu ziti zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kutumiza ku Vietnam
Malonda a Vietnam ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo atukuka kwambiri, ndipo ali ndi ubale wapamtima pazachuma ndi China, South Korea, Japan, United States, Thailand ndi mayiko ena, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kwapachaka ndi kutumiza kunja kukuchulukiranso.Malinga ndi zomwe zatulutsidwa ndi General Statistics Office of Vietnam, kuyambira Januware mpaka Julayi 2019, zotumiza kunja ku Vietnam zinali US $ 145.13 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 7.5%;katundu wochokera kunja anali US $ 143.34 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka ndi 8.3%.Mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa katundu wa kunja ndi kunja kwa miyezi 7 unali madola 288.47 biliyoni a US.Kuyambira Januware mpaka Julayi 2019, United States inali msika waukulu kwambiri ku Vietnam, womwe udatumiza $ 32.5 biliyoni yaku US, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 25.4%;Kutumiza kwa Vietnam ku EU kunali madola 24.32 biliyoni a US, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 0.4%;Kutumiza kwa Vietnam ku China kunali madola 20 biliyoni aku US, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 0.1%.dziko langa ndiye gwero lalikulu kwambiri la Vietnam.Kuyambira Januware mpaka Julayi, Vietnam idatulutsa US $ 42 biliyoni kuchokera ku China, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 16.9%.Zogulitsa ku South Korea ku Vietnam zinali US $ 26.6 biliyoni, kuchepa kwa chaka ndi 0.8%;Kutumiza kwa ASEAN ku Vietnam kunali US $ 18.8 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 5.2%.Zogulitsa ku Vietnam makamaka zikuphatikizapo magulu atatu: katundu wamtengo wapatali (kuwerengera 30% ya zogulitsa kunja), zinthu zapakati (zowerengera 60%) ndi katundu wogula ( kuwerengera 10%).China ndiye wogulitsa wamkulu kwambiri komanso zinthu zapakati ku Vietnam.Kupikisana kofooka kwa mafakitale apanyumba ku Vietnam kwakakamiza makampani ambiri apadera komanso makampani aboma aku Vietnamese kuitanitsa makina ndi zida kuchokera ku China.Vietnam makamaka imatumiza kunja makina, zida, zida zamagetsi zamakompyuta, nsalu, zopangira nsapato zachikopa, mafoni ndi zida zamagetsi, ndi magalimoto onyamula kuchokera ku China.Kuphatikiza pa China, Japan ndi South Korea ndizomwe zimachokera ku Vietnam kuchokera kunja kwa makina, zida, zida ndi zipangizo.
2. Malangizo otumizira ku Vietnam
01 Satifiketi Yochokera Kukafunsidwa ndi makasitomala aku Vietnamese, satifiketi yochokera ku CO kapena satifiketi yaku China-ASEAN yochokera ku FOMU E ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo FOMU E ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'maiko ena amalonda aulere aku China-ASEAN, monga kutumiza ku Brunei. , Cambodia, Indonesia , Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, ndi Vietnam Maiko a 10 akhoza kusangalala ndi chithandizo chamtengo wapatali ngati atapempha chiphaso cha chiyambi FOMU E. Mtundu uwu wa satifiketi yochokera ukhoza kuperekedwa ndi Commodity Inspection Bureau kapena China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, koma ikuyenera kutumizidwa kaye;ngati palibe mbiri, mutha kupezanso wothandizira kuti apereke, ingoperekani mndandanda wazolongedza ndi invoice, ndipo satifiketi idzaperekedwa mkati mwa tsiku limodzi logwira ntchito.
Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kulabadira kupanga FORM E posachedwa, zofunikira zikhala zovuta.Ngati mukuyang'ana wothandizira, ndiye kuti zikalata zonse zachilolezo (bill of lading, contract, FE) ziyenera kukhala ndi mutu womwewo.Ngati wotumiza kunja ndi wopanga, kufotokozera kwa katundu kudzawonetsa mawu oti KUPANGA, kenako yonjezerani mutu ndi adilesi ya wogulitsa kunja.Ngati pali kampani yakunyanja, ndiye kuti kampani yakunyanja ikuwonetsedwa patsamba lachisanu ndi chiwiri, kenako invoice ya 13 yachitatu imayikidwa, ndipo kampani yaku China yaku China imapatsa wothandizira kuti apereke satifiketiyo, ndipo chinthu cha 13 sichingathe. kukhala tcheru.Ndikwabwino kusankha makasitomala aku Vietnamese omwe ali ndi mphamvu zololeza miyambo kuti apewe zovuta zosafunikira.
02 Njira yolipirira Njira yolipirira yomwe makasitomala aku Vietnam amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ndi T/T kapena L/C.Ngati ndi OEM, ndi bwino kupanga osakaniza T/T ndi L/C, amene ali otetezeka.
Samalani ku T / T: nthawi zonse, 30% imalipidwa pasadakhale, ndipo 70% imalipidwa musanayike, koma makasitomala atsopano ali ndi mwayi waukulu wosagwirizana.Pochita L / C, muyenera kumvetsera: Ndondomeko yotumizira ku Vietnam ndi yochepa, ndipo nthawi yobweretsera L / C idzakhala yochepa, kotero muyenera kuyang'anira nthawi yobweretsera;Makasitomala ena aku Vietnamese apanga zolakwika m'kalata yangongole, chifukwa chake muyenera kutsatira kalata yangongole Zomwe zili patsambali ndizofanana ndendende ndi chikalatacho.Osafunsa kasitomala momwe angasinthire, ingotsatirani kusinthidwa.
03 Ndondomeko yochotsera Customs
Mu August 2017, mfundo yachitatu ya Article 25 ya Decree No. 8 yofalitsidwa ndi boma la Vietnam inanena kuti wolengeza za kasitomu ayenera kupereka chidziwitso chokwanira komanso cholondola cha katundu kuti katunduyo athetsedwe panthawi yake.Izi zikutanthawuza: Kufotokozera kosakwanira / kosakwanira kwa katundu ndi kutumizidwa kosalephereka kungakanidwe ndi miyambo ya m'deralo.Choncho, kufotokozera kwathunthu kwa katunduyo kuyenera kuperekedwa pa invoice, kuphatikizapo chizindikiro, dzina la malonda, chitsanzo, zinthu, kuchuluka, mtengo, mtengo wa unit ndi zina.Makasitomala akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kulemera kwapanjira kumagwirizana ndi kulemera komwe kasitomala amalengeza kumayendedwe.Kusiyana pakati pa kulemera konenedweratu (makasitomala komwe adachokera) ndi kulemera kwake komwe kungayambitse kuchedwetsa kuperekedwa kwa kasitomu.Makasitomala akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti zonse zomwe zili pa waybill, kuphatikiza kulemera kwake, ndizolondola.
04 chinenero
Chilankhulo chovomerezeka ku Vietnam ndi Vietnamese.Kuphatikiza apo, French imakhalanso yotchuka kwambiri.Amalonda aku Vietnam nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi Chingerezi chosakwanira.
05 Networks Ngati mukufuna kuchita bizinesi ku Vietnam, mutha kupanga ndalama zambiri zamaganizidwe ndi anzanu, ndiye kuti, khalani ndi mayanjano ambiri ndi omwe amapanga zisankho kuti mupange maubwenzi ndikuwononga maubale.Kuchita bizinesi ku Vietnam kumagogomezera kwambiri maubwenzi apamtima.Kwa Vietnamese, kukhala "m'modzi wa ife tokha" kapena kuonedwa ngati "mmodzi wa ife tokha" kuli ndi phindu lalikulu, ndipo tinganene kuti ndiye chinsinsi cha kupambana kapena kulephera.Siziwononga mamiliyoni kapena kutchuka kukhala m'modzi wa Vietnam.Chitani bizinesi kaye lankhulani zakukhosi.Vietnamese amasangalala kukumana ndi anthu atsopano, koma osachita bizinesi ndi alendo.Mukamachita bizinesi ku Vietnam, maubwenzi apakati ndi ofunika kwambiri, ndipo ndizovuta kupita patsogolo popanda iwo.Anthu aku Vietnam nthawi zambiri samachita bizinesi ndi anthu omwe sakuwadziwa.Nthawi zonse amachita ndi anthu omwewo.Mu bwalo laling'ono kwambiri lazamalonda, aliyense amadziwana, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo ndi achibale mwa magazi kapena ukwati.Anthu aku Vietnam amalabadira kwambiri zamakhalidwe.Kaya ndi dipatimenti ya boma, wothandizana nawo, kapena wogawa omwe ali ndi ubale wofunikira ndi kampani yanu, muyenera kuwaona ngati abwenzi, ndipo muyenera kuyendayenda pachikondwerero chilichonse.
06 Kupanga zisankho kumachedwa
Vietnam imatsatira miyambo yaku Asia yopangira zisankho pamodzi.Amalonda aku Vietnam amayamikira mgwirizano wamagulu, ndipo alendo nthawi zambiri sadziwa mikangano yomwe ili pakati pa anthu a ku Vietnam, ndipo zambiri zawo zamkati sizimawululidwa kwa akunja.Ku Vietnam, dongosolo lonse lamakampani limagogomezera kusasinthika.Kuchokera pazikhalidwe, Vietnam imatsatira njira yopangira zisankho zamagulu aku Asia.Amalonda aku Vietnam amayamikira mgwirizano wamagulu, ndipo alendo nthawi zambiri sadziwa mikangano yomwe ili pakati pa anthu a ku Vietnam, ndipo zambiri zawo zamkati sizimawululidwa kwa akunja.Ku Vietnam, dongosolo lonse lamakampani limagogomezera kusasinthika.
07 Osalabadira mapulaniwo, ingochita mopupuluma
Ngakhale azungu ambiri amakonda kupanga dongosolo ndikuchitapo kanthu, a Vietnamese amakonda kulola kuti chilengedwe chiziyenda ndikuwona zomwe zikuchitika.Amayamikira masitayelo abwino a Azungu, koma alibe cholinga chowatengera.Amalonda akunja omwe akuchita bizinesi ku Vietnam, kumbukirani kukhalabe omasuka komanso kuleza mtima.Amalonda odziwa bwino ntchito amakhulupirira kuti ngati 75% yaulendo wopita ku Vietnam ingachitike monga momwe anakonzera, idzawoneka ngati yopambana.
08 Customs
Anthu aku Vietnam amakonda zofiira kwambiri, ndipo amawona zofiira ngati mtundu wosangalatsa komanso wachikondwerero.Ndimakonda agalu kwambiri ndikuganiza kuti agalu ndi okhulupirika, odalirika komanso olimba mtima.Ndimakonda maluwa a pichesi, ndimaganiza kuti maluwa a pichesi ndi owala komanso okongola, ndipo ndi maluwa abwino, ndikuwatcha maluwa amtundu.
Amapewa kuwasisita paphewa kapena kuwakalipira ndi zala, zomwe zimaonedwa ngati kupanda ulemu;
3. Ubwino ndi kuthekera kwachitukuko
Vietnam ili ndi malo abwino achilengedwe, okhala ndi gombe la makilomita oposa 3,200 (wachiwiri ku Indonesia ndi Philippines ku Southeast Asia), Mtsinje Wofiira (womwe unachokera ku Yunnan Province) delta kumpoto, ndi mtsinje wa Mekong (womwe unachokera ku Qinghai Province). ) delta kumwera.Idafika ku malo 7 olowa padziko lonse lapansi (omwe adakhala woyamba ku Southeast Asia).Vietnam pakadali pano ili pamalo abwino kwambiri m'mbiri ya "gulu la anthu agolide".70% ya Vietnamese ali ndi zaka zosakwana 35, zomwe zimapereka chitetezo cha ntchito pa chitukuko cha zachuma ku Vietnam, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha chiwerengero chochepa cha anthu okalamba, chimachepetsanso kulemetsa kwa chitukuko cha anthu ku Vietnam.Komanso, kuchuluka kwa mizinda yaku Vietnam ndi kotsika kwambiri, ndipo zofunikira zambiri zamalipiro a anthu ogwira ntchito ndizochepa kwambiri (madola 400 aku US atha kulemba munthu waluso waluso), zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwamakampani opanga zinthu.Monga China, Vietnam imagwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lazachuma pamsika.Lili ndi makina oyendetsera anthu okhazikika komanso amphamvu omwe amatha kulimbikira ntchito zazikulu.Kuli mitundu ya 54 ku Vietnam, koma mafuko onse amatha kukhala mogwirizana.Anthu a ku Vietnam ali ndi ufulu wachipembedzo, ndipo ku Middle East kulibe nkhondo yachipembedzo.Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu cha ku Vietnam chinayambitsanso kusintha kwa ndale komwe kunalola kuti magulu osiyanasiyana azichita nawo mkangano waukulu pazandale ndi zachuma.Boma la Vietnamese likulandira msika wapadziko lonse lapansi.Anagwirizana ndi Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN) mu 1995 ndi World Trade Organization (WTO) mu 2006. Msonkhano wa 2017 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) unachitikira ku Da Nang, Vietnam.Anthu akumadzulo ali ndi chiyembekezo chimodzi pazachitukuko cha Vietnam.Banki Yadziko Lonse inanena kuti “Vietnam ndi chitsanzo cha chitukuko chopambana”, ndipo magazini ya “The Economist” inati “Vietnam idzakhala nyalugwe wina wa ku Asia”.Peterson Institute for International Economics imaneneratu kuti kukula kwachuma ku Vietnam kudzafika pafupifupi 10% pofika chaka cha 2025. Kufotokozera mwachidule chiganizo chimodzi: Vietnam lero ndi China zaka zoposa khumi zapitazo.Mikhalidwe yonse yamoyo yatsala pang'ono kuphulika, ndipo ndi msika wosangalatsa kwambiri ku Asia.
4. Tsogolo la "Made in Vietnam
Vietnam italowa nawo ku RCEP, mothandizidwa ndi United States, Japan ndi mayiko ena otukuka, mayiko ambiri akum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia akupanga "kupha" ku China kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana monga malonda, misonkho ndi zolimbikitsira malo.Masiku ano, si makampani aku Japan okha omwe awonjezera ndalama zawo ku Vietnam, koma makampani ambiri aku China akusunthanso mphamvu zawo zopangira ku Vietnam.Ubwino waukulu waku Vietnam wagona pantchito yake yotsika mtengo.Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa anthu ku Vietnam ndikocheperako.Okalamba opitilira zaka 65 amangowerengera 6% ya anthu onse, pomwe ku China ndi South Korea ndi 10% ndi 13% motsatana.Zachidziwikire, makampani opanga zinthu ku Vietnam pakadali pano akadali m'mafakitale otsika kwambiri, monga nsalu, zovala, mipando ndi zinthu zamagetsi.Komabe, izi zitha kusintha m'tsogolomu popeza makampani akuluakulu akuwonjezera ndalama, kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro, ndikusintha njira zofufuzira ndi chitukuko.Mkangano wantchito ndi chiopsezo chamakampani opanga zinthu ku Vietnam.Momwe mungathanirane ndi ubale wapantchito ndi chuma ndivuto lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa pakukula kwamakampani opanga zinthu ku Vietnam.
5. Vietnam idzapereka patsogolo chitukuko cha mafakitale otsatirawa
1. Makina opanga zitsulo pofika chaka cha 2025, perekani patsogolo chitukuko cha makina ndi zida zopangira mafakitale, magalimoto ndi zida zosinthira, ndi zitsulo;pambuyo pa 2025, perekani patsogolo chitukuko cha shipbuilding, zitsulo zopanda chitsulo, ndi zipangizo zatsopano.
2. Pamakampani opanga mankhwala, pofika chaka cha 2025, perekani patsogolo chitukuko chamakampani opanga mankhwala, mafuta ndi gasi, mafakitale apulasitiki ndi zida zopangira mphira;Pambuyo pa 2025, perekani patsogolo chitukuko chamakampani opanga mankhwala.
3. Makampani opanga zaulimi, nkhalango ndi m'madzi Pofika chaka cha 2025, kuyenera kuperekedwa patsogolo pakukulitsa chiŵerengero cha zinthu zazikulu zaulimi, zam'madzi ndi matabwa molingana ndi malangizo akusintha kwa mafakitale aulimi.Landirani miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi pakupanga ndi kukonza kuti mupange mtundu komanso kupikisana kwazinthu zaulimi zaku Vietnam.
4. Makampani opanga nsalu ndi nsapato Pofika chaka cha 2025, apereke patsogolo chitukuko cha nsalu ndi nsapato zopangira ndi kugulitsa kunja;pambuyo pa 2025, perekani patsogolo pa chitukuko cha mafashoni apamwamba ndi nsapato.
5. M'makampani olankhulana pamagetsi, pofika chaka cha 2025, perekani patsogolo chitukuko cha makompyuta, matelefoni ndi zida zotsalira;pambuyo pa 2025, perekani patsogolo chitukuko cha mapulogalamu, ntchito za digito, ntchito zamakono zoyankhulana ndi zamagetsi zachipatala.6. Mphamvu zatsopano ndi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa Pofika chaka cha 2025, tidzakhala tikukulitsa mphamvu zatsopano ndi mphamvu zongowonjezera, monga mphamvu yamphepo, mphamvu ya dzuwa, ndi mphamvu ya biomass;Pambuyo pa 2025, khazikitsani mwamphamvu mphamvu ya nyukiliya, mphamvu ya geothermal, ndi mphamvu zamafunde.
6. Malamulo atsopano pa "Made in Vietnam" (chiyambi) miyezo
Mu Ogasiti 2019, Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Zamalonda waku Vietnam udapereka miyezo yatsopano ya "Made in Vietnam" (yoyambira).Zopangidwa ku Vietnam zitha kukhala: zogulitsa zaulimi ndi zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku Vietnam;Zogulitsa zomwe zimamalizidwa ku Vietnam ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 30% zamtengo wowonjezera waku Vietnam malinga ndi muyezo wapadziko lonse wa HS code.Mwanjira ina, 100% zopangira zotumizidwa kuchokera kutsidya kwa nyanja ziyenera kuwonjezera 30% mtengo wowonjezera ku Vietnam zisanatumizidwe kunja ndi zilembo Zapangidwa ku Vietnam.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-10-2023