Msika waku Middle East umatengera dera makamaka ku West Asia komanso ku Europe, Asia ndi Africa, kuphatikiza Iran, Kuwait, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt ndi mayiko ena. Chiwerengero chonse cha anthu ndi 490 miliyoni. Avereji ya zaka za anthu m’chigawo chonsecho ndi zaka 25. Oposa theka la anthu ku Middle East ndi achinyamata, ndipo achinyamatawa ndi gulu lalikulu la ogula malonda odutsa malire, makamaka malonda a mafoni a pakompyuta.
Chifukwa chodalira kwambiri zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja, maiko aku Middle East nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mafakitale ofooka, kapangidwe kake ka mafakitale, komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimafunikira ogula ndi mafakitale. Zaka zaposachedwapa, malonda pakati pa China ndi Middle East akhala pafupi.
Kodi ziphaso zazikulu ku Middle East ndi ziti?
1.Chitsimikizo cha Saudi saber:
Saber certification ndi njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito intaneti yoyambitsidwa ndi SASO. Saber kwenikweni ndi chida cha netiweki chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polembetsa zinthu, kupereka komanso kupeza ziphaso za COC. Zomwe zimatchedwa Saber ndi chida chapaintaneti chokhazikitsidwa ndi Saudi Bureau of Standards. Ndi ofesi yopanda mapepala yathunthu yolembetsa zinthu, kupereka ndikupeza ziphaso zovomerezeka za SC (Sitifiketi Yotumiza). Pulogalamu ya certification ya SABER ndi dongosolo lonse lomwe limakhazikitsa malamulo, zofunikira zaukadaulo ndi njira zowongolera. Cholinga chake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti inshuwaransi ya zinthu zakumaloko ndi zinthu zomwe zimachokera kunja.
Satifiketi ya SABER imagawidwa m'masatifiketi awiri, imodzi ndi satifiketi ya PC, yomwe ndi satifiketi yazinthu (Certificate Of Conformity For Regulated Products), ndipo inayo ndi SC, yomwe ndi satifiketi yotumizira (Sitifiketi Yotumizira Zinthu Zogulitsa kunja).
Satifiketi ya PC ndi satifiketi yolembetsa zinthu yomwe imafuna lipoti loyesa zinthu (opanga zinthu zina amafunikiranso kuwunika kwafakitale) asanalembetsedwe mu SABER system. Satifiketi ndi yovomerezeka kwa chaka chimodzi.
Kodi magulu a certification a Saudi Saber ndi ati?
Gulu 1: Chidziwitso Chogwirizana ndi Supplier (gulu lomwe silinayendetsedwe, chikalata chotsatira)
Gulu 2: Sitifiketi ya COC OR QM Certificate (General Control, COC Certificate kapena QM Certificate)
Gulu 3: Satifiketi ya IECEE (zogulitsa zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi miyezo ya IECEE ndipo ziyenera kulembetsa ku IECEE)
Gulu 4: Satifiketi ya GCTS (zogulitsa zomwe zimatsatira malamulo a GCC ndipo ziyenera kufunsira chiphaso cha GCC)
Gulu 5: Satifiketi ya QM (zogulitsa zomwe zimatsata malamulo a GCC ndipo ziyenera kufunsira QM)
2. Chitsimikizo cha GCC cha mayiko asanu ndi awiri a Gulf, chiphaso cha GMARK
Chitsimikizo cha GCC, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti GMARK certification, ndi njira yotsimikizira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko omwe ali mamembala a Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). GCC ndi bungwe logwirizana pazandale ndi zachuma lomwe lili ndi mayiko asanu ndi limodzi a Gulf: Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain ndi Oman. Satifiketi ya GCC ikufuna kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'misika yamayikowa zikutsatira mfundo zaukadaulo ndi malamulo olimbikitsira malonda apadziko lonse lapansi ndikusintha mtundu wazinthu.
Satifiketi ya GMark imatanthawuza chiphaso chovomerezeka chopezedwa ndi zinthu zovomerezeka ndi GCC. Satifiketiyi ikuwonetsa kuti malondawa adachita mayeso ndi zowunikira zingapo ndipo akugwirizana ndiukadaulo ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa ndi mayiko omwe ali mamembala a GCC. Chitsimikizo cha GMark nthawi zambiri chimakhala chimodzi mwamakalata ofunikira pakulowetsa zinthu kumayiko a GCC kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo zikugulitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito movomerezeka.
Ndizinthu ziti zomwe ziyenera kukhala zovomerezeka ndi GCC?
Malamulo aukadaulo pazida zamagetsi zotsika ma voliyumu ndi zida zamagetsi zimaphimba zida zamagetsi zokhala ndi AC voteji pakati pa 50-1000V ndi DC voltage pakati pa 75-1500V. Zogulitsa zonse ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi chizindikiro cha GC zisanayambe kufalitsidwa pakati pa mayiko omwe ali mamembala a Gulf Standardization Organisation (GSO); Zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi chizindikiro cha GC zikuwonetsa kuti malondawo atsatira malamulo aukadaulo a GCC.
Mwa iwo, magulu 14 azinthu zapadera akuphatikizidwa muzatifiketi zokakamiza za GCC (zinthu zoyendetsedwa), ndipo ayenera kupeza satifiketi ya GCC yoperekedwa ndi bungwe lodziwika bwino la certification.
ECAS imanena za Emirates Conformity Assessment System, yomwe ndi pulogalamu yotsimikizira zinthu zomwe zimavomerezedwa ndi UAE Federal Law No. ESMA) waku United Arab Emirates. Zogulitsa zonse zomwe zili mkati mwa kulembetsa ndi ziphaso za ECAS ziyenera kulembedwa ndi logo ya ECAS ndi nambala ya Notified Body NB mutalandira ziphaso. Ayenera kulembetsa ndikupeza Satifiketi Yogwirizana (CoC) asanalowe mumsika wa UAE.
Zogulitsa zomwe zimatumizidwa ku UAE ziyenera kupeza satifiketi ya ECAS zisanagulitsidwe kwanuko. ECAS ndi chidule cha Emirates Conformity Assessment System, chomwe chimakhazikitsidwa ndikuperekedwa ndi ESMA UAE Standards Bureau.
4. Iran COC certification, Iran COI certification
CoI yovomerezeka yaku Iran yotumizira kunja (satifiketi yoyendera), zomwe zikutanthauza kuwunika kotsatira mu Chitchaina, ndikuwunika kogwirizana komwe kukufunika pakuwunika kovomerezeka kwa Iran. Zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zikafika pamndandanda wa COI (satifiketi yoyang'anira), wobwereketsa amayenera kuchita zololeza kutengera mtundu wa Irani wa ISIRI ndikupereka satifiketi. Kuti mupeze ziphaso zotumizira ku Iran, ziphaso zoyenera ziyenera kuchitidwa kudzera ku bungwe lovomerezeka la chipani chachitatu. Zogulitsa zambiri zamafakitale, zida ndi makina omwe amatumizidwa ku Iran amatsatira njira zovomerezeka zokhazikitsidwa ndi ISIRI (Iranian Standards Industrial Research Institute). Malamulo oyendetsera dziko la Iran ndi ovuta ndipo amafuna zolemba zambiri. Kuti mumve zambiri, chonde onani mndandanda wazinthu zaku Iran za Compulsory Certification Product kuti mumvetsetse zinthu zomwe ziyenera kutsata ndondomeko ya ISIRI "Conformity Verification".
5. Chitsimikizo cha Israeli SII
SII ndi chidule cha Israel Standards Institute. Ngakhale SII ndi bungwe lomwe si la boma, limayang'aniridwa mwachindunji ndi boma la Israeli ndipo limayang'anira kukhazikika, kuyesa kwazinthu komanso kutsimikizira kwazinthu ku Israel.
SII ndi muyezo wokakamiza wotsimikizira ku Israeli. Pazinthu zomwe zikufuna kulowa mu Israeli, Israeli amagwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendera ndi kuyang'anira miyambo kuti zitsimikizire kuti zinthuzo zikukwaniritsa zofunikira zoyenera. Kawirikawiri nthawi yoyendera imakhala yotalikirapo, koma ngati imatumizidwa kunja Ngati wamalonda wapeza chiphaso cha SII asanatumizidwe, ndondomeko yoyendera miyambo idzachepetsedwa kwambiri. Customs ya Israeli idzangotsimikizira kugwirizana kwa katundu ndi satifiketi, popanda kufunikira kowunika mwachisawawa.
Malinga ndi "Standardization Law", Israeli imagawa zinthu m'magawo anayi kutengera momwe angawonongere thanzi ndi chitetezo cha anthu, ndikuyika kasamalidwe kosiyanasiyana:
Class I ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu ku thanzi ndi chitetezo cha anthu:
Monga zida zapakhomo, zoseweretsa za ana, zotengera zokakamiza, zozimitsa moto zowuluka, etc.
Kalasi II ndi chinthu chomwe chili ndi chiopsezo chochepa ku thanzi ndi chitetezo cha anthu:
Kuphatikizapo magalasi adzuwa, mipira yazinthu zosiyanasiyana, mapaipi oyika, makapeti, mabotolo, zida zomangira ndi zina zambiri.
Gulu lachitatu ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa ku thanzi ndi chitetezo cha anthu:
Kuphatikizapo matailosi a ceramic, ware wa ceramic ware, etc.
Gulu IV ndizinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale okha osati mwachindunji kwa ogula:
Monga mafakitale zamagetsi zamagetsi, etc.
6. Kuwait COC certification, Iraq COC certification
Pa gulu lililonse la katundu wotumizidwa ku Kuwait, chikalata cha chilolezo cha kasitomu cha COC (Certificate of Conformity) chiyenera kuperekedwa. Satifiketi ya COC ndi chikalata chotsimikizira kuti chinthucho chikugwirizana ndi ukadaulo komanso miyezo yachitetezo cha dziko lomwe likutumiza. Ilinso limodzi mwa zikalata zofunika za chilolezo cha kasitomu m'dziko lotumiza. Ngati zinthu zomwe zili m'gulu lowongolera ndizochulukirapo ndipo zimatumizidwa pafupipafupi, tikulimbikitsidwa kufunsira satifiketi ya COC pasadakhale. Izi zimapewa kuchedwa komanso zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chosowa satifiketi ya COC musanatumize katundu.
Pofunsira satifiketi ya COC, lipoti lowunika zaukadaulo likufunika. Lipotili liyenera kuperekedwa ndi bungwe lovomerezeka loyang'anira kapena bungwe lopereka ziphaso ndikutsimikizira kuti malondawo akugwirizana ndi zofunikira zaukadaulo ndi chitetezo cha dziko lomwe likutumiza. Zomwe zili mu lipoti loyendera ziyenera kuphatikizapo dzina, chitsanzo, ndondomeko, magawo aukadaulo, njira zowunikira, zotsatira zowunikira ndi zina zambiri za malonda. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kupereka zidziwitso zoyenera monga zitsanzo zazinthu kapena zithunzi kuti muwunikenso ndikuwunikanso.
Kuyendera kwa kutentha kochepa
Malingana ndi njira yoyesera yotchulidwa mu GB/T 2423.1-2008, drone inayikidwa mu bokosi loyesera zachilengedwe pa kutentha kwa (-25 ± 2) ° C ndi nthawi yoyesera ya maola 16. Mayesowo akamaliza ndikubwezeretsedwanso pansi pamikhalidwe yokhazikika mumlengalenga kwa maola a 2, drone iyenera kugwira ntchito bwino.
Mayeso a vibration
Malinga ndi njira yoyendera yomwe ili mu GB/T2423.10-2008:
Drone ili m'malo osagwira ntchito komanso osapakidwa;
Mafupipafupi osiyanasiyana: 10Hz ~ 150Hz;
Mafupipafupi a Crossover: 60Hz;
f＜60Hz, matalikidwe okhazikika 0.075mm;
f> 60Hz, mathamangitsidwe mosalekeza 9.8m/s2 (1g);
Malo amodzi olamulira;
Chiwerengero cha ma scan pa axis ndi l0.
Kuyang'anira kuyenera kuchitika pansi pa drone ndipo nthawi yoyendera ndi mphindi 15. Pambuyo poyang'anitsitsa, drone sayenera kukhala ndi zowonongeka zoonekeratu ndikutha kugwira ntchito bwino.
Dontho mayeso
Kuyesa kwa dontho ndi kuyesa kokhazikika komwe zinthu zambiri zimayenera kuchita pakadali pano. Kumbali imodzi, ndikuwunika ngati kuyika kwa mankhwala a drone kungateteze mankhwalawo bwino kuti atsimikizire chitetezo chamayendedwe; kumbali ina, kwenikweni ndi hardware ya ndege. kudalirika.
kuthamanga mayeso
Pogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, drone imayesedwa kupsinjika maganizo monga kusokoneza ndi kunyamula katundu. Mayeso akamaliza, drone iyenera kupitiliza kugwira ntchito moyenera.
mayeso a nthawi ya moyo
Chitani mayeso amoyo pa gimbal ya drone, radar yowonera, batani lamphamvu, mabatani, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo zotsatira zoyeserera ziyenera kutsata malamulo azogulitsa.
Valani kukana kuyesa
Gwiritsani ntchito tepi ya pepala ya RCA poyesa kukana abrasion, ndipo zotsatira zoyesa ziyenera kutsata zofunikira za abrasion zomwe zalembedwa pachinthucho.
Mayeso ena achizolowezi
Monga maonekedwe, kuyendera ma phukusi, kuyang'ana kwathunthu kwa msonkhano, zigawo zofunika kwambiri ndi kuyang'ana mkati, kulemba zilembo, kulemba chizindikiro, kusindikiza kusindikiza, ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-25-2024