Kodi polyvinyl chloride mu nsapato ndi zovala

PVC inali pulasitiki yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yopanga komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzomangamanga, zinthu zamafakitale, zofunikira zatsiku ndi tsiku, zikopa zapansi, matailosi apansi, zikopa zopanga, mapaipi, mawaya ndi zingwe, mafilimu onyamula, mabotolo, zinthu zotulutsa thovu, zida zosindikizira, ulusi, ndi zina.

Komabe, pa Okutobala 27, 2017, mndandanda wa carcinogen wofalitsidwa ndi International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organisation (WHO) udasonkhanitsidwa ndikutchulidwa, ndipo PVC idaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa Class 3 carcinogen.Vinyl chloride, monga zopangira za PVC synthesis, zalembedwa pamndandanda wa Class I carcinogen.

01 Magwero a vinyl chloride zinthu muzopanga nsapato

Vinyl chloride, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti vinyl chloride, ndi organic pawiri ndi mankhwala formula C2H3Cl. Ndiwofunikira kwambiri mu chemistry ya polima ndipo imapezeka kuchokera ku ethylene kapena acetylene. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma homopolymers ndi copolymers a polyvinyl chloride. Itha kukhalanso copolymerized ndi vinilu acetate, butadiene, etc., komanso akhoza kukhalaamagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotulutsa utoto ndi zonunkhira.Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati comonomer ya ma polima osiyanasiyana. Ngakhale kuti vinyl chloride ndi yofunika kwambiri pamakampani apulasitiki, imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati firiji, ndi zina zotero. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chochotsera utoto ndi zonunkhira. Popanga nsapato ndi zovala, vinyl chloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ndi ma polima a vinyl, omwe amatha kukhala olimba kapena osinthika. Kugwiritsa ntchito zotheka kwa PVC kumaphatikizapo kusindikiza pazenera la pulasitiki, zida zapulasitiki, ndi zokutira zosiyanasiyana pazikopa, zikopa zopangira, ndi nsalu.

Zotsalira za vinyl chloride monomer muzinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku vinyl chloride zitha kutulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono muzinthuzo, zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la ogula komanso chilengedwe.

02 Zowopsa za zinthu za vinyl chloride

Vinyl chloride imatha kutenga nawo gawo muzochita zautsi wamtundu wa Photochemical m'chilengedwe, koma chifukwa chakusakhazikika kwake, sachedwa kujambulidwa mumlengalenga. Vinyl chloride monomer imabweretsa zoopsa zosiyanasiyana kwa ogwira ntchito ndi ogula, kutengera mtundu wa monomer ndi njira yowonekera. Chloroethylene ndi mpweya wopanda mtundu kutentha wamba, ndi kutsekemera pang'ono pafupifupi 3000 ppm. Kuwonekera pachimake (kwakanthawi kochepa) kwa kuchuluka kwa vinyl chloride mumlengalenga kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira pa dongosolo lapakati lamanjenje (CNS),monga chizungulire, kugona, ndi mutu. Kukoka mpweya kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kukhudzana ndi vinyl chloride kungayambitse khansa ya chiwindi.

Pakalipano, misika ya ku Ulaya ndi ku America ikuyang'ana kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ma vinyl chloride monomers mu zipangizo za PVC ndi zipangizo zawo, ndipo akhazikitsa malamulo. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yapadziko lonse lapansi imafuna kuti zida za PVC ziletsedwe pazogulitsa zawo. Ngati PVC kapena zinthu zomwe zili ndi PVC ndizofunikira chifukwa chaukadaulo, zomwe zili mu vinyl chloride monomers muzinthu ziyenera kuyendetsedwa. International RSL Management Working Group for Clothing and Footwear AFIRM, Edition 7 2022, imafuna kutiZomwe zili mu VCM siziyenera kupitirira 1ppm.

Opanga ndi mabizinesi akuyenera kulimbikitsa kayendetsedwe kazinthu,ndi chidwi makamaka ndi kulamulira zili vinilu kolorayidi monomers PVC zipangizo, pulasitiki chophimba kusindikiza zigawo zikuluzikulu pulasitiki, ndi zokutira zosiyanasiyana PVC pa zikopa, kupanga zikopa, ndi nsalu.. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kulabadira kukhathamiritsa kwa njira zopangira, kukonza kasamalidwe kaubwino, ndikupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chazinthu ndi mtundu kuti zigwirizane ndi zofunikira zowongolera.