Ngakhale kuti makasitomala aku Europe ndi ku America akuda nkhawa ndi mtundu wazinthu, chifukwa chiyani amafunikira kuyang'ana momwe amapangira komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito fakitale?
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ku United States, zinthu zambiri zotsika mtengo zogwirira ntchito zotsika mtengo zokhala ndi mpikisano wapadziko lonse kuchokera kumayiko otukuka zidalowa m'misika yamayiko otukuka, zomwe zidakhudza kwambiri misika yapakhomo yamayiko otukuka. Ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale okhudzana nawo analibe ntchito kapena malipiro awo adatsika. Ndi pempho la chitetezo cha malonda, United States ndi mayiko ena otukuka akutsutsa kwambiri ndi kudzudzula malo ogwira ntchito ndi mikhalidwe ya mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene kuti ateteze misika yawo yapakhomo ndi kuchepetsa mavuto a ndale. Mawu akuti "sweatshop" adachokera ku izi.
Chifukwa chake, mu 1997, bungwe la American Economic Priorities Accreditation Council (CEPAA) idakhazikitsidwa, idapanga udindo wapagulu wa SA8000 muyezo ndi certification system, ndikuwonjezera ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi zinthu zina nthawi yomweyo, ndikukhazikitsa "Social Accountability International (SAI)" . Panthawiyo, kayendetsedwe ka Clinton nayenso Ndi thandizo lalikulu lochokera kwa SAI, dongosolo la SA8000 la "miyezo ya chikhalidwe cha anthu" linabadwa. Iyi ndi imodzi mwamadongosolo ofunikira kuti makasitomala aku Europe ndi America aziwunika mafakitole.
Choncho, kuyendera fakitale sikungofuna kupeza chitsimikizo cha khalidwe, yakhala njira ya ndale kuti mayiko otukuka ateteze msika wapakhomo ndi kuthetsa mavuto a ndale, ndipo ndi chimodzi mwa zolepheretsa malonda zomwe mayiko otukuka amakhazikitsa ku mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene.
Kufufuza kwa fakitale kungagawidwe m'magulu atatu malinga ndi zomwe zili, zomwe ndi kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu (ES), kachitidwe kabwino kachitidwe ndi kupanga kafukufuku wamagetsi (FCCA) ndi anti-terrorism audit (GSV). Kuyendera; kuunika kwadongosolo kwadongosolo kumangoyang'ana kachitidwe kawo kawongoleredwe kabwino ndikuwunika mphamvu zopanga; zolimbana ndi uchigawenga ndikuti kuyambira pomwe zidachitika "911" ku United States, United States yakhazikitsa njira zothana ndi uchigawenga padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira panyanja, pamtunda, ndi mumlengalenga.
US Customs and Border Protection imalimbikitsa makampani otumiza kunja ndi makampani apadziko lonse lapansi kuti alimbikitse C-TPAT (Terrorism Security Management Program). Mpaka pano, US Customs imangozindikira kafukufuku wa ITS wotsutsana ndi uchigawenga. Nthawi zambiri, kuyang'ana kwafakitale kovuta kwambiri ndikuwunika kwa udindo wa anthu, chifukwa makamaka ndikuwunika kwa ufulu wa anthu. Maola ogwirira ntchito ndi malipiro ndi kutsata malamulo a ntchito zapanyumba ndizotalikirana kwambiri ndi momwe mayiko akutukukako akukhalira, koma kuti Poika lamulo, aliyense ayesetse kupeza yankho. Nthawi zonse pali njira zambiri kuposa mavuto. Malingana ngati oyang'anira fakitale ali ndi chidwi chokwanira ndikuchita ntchito yeniyeni yowongola, chiwongola dzanja choyendera fakitale chimakhala chokwera.
Poyendera fakitale koyamba, kasitomala nthawi zambiri ankatumiza ma auditors a kampaniyo kuti akaone fakitaleyo. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti ogulitsa makampani ena odziwika bwino padziko lonse ankaululidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi atolankhani ponena za nkhani za ufulu wa anthu, mbiri yawo ndi kudalirika kwawo zinachepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, makampani ambiri aku Europe ndi America azipereka makampani ena ovomerezeka kuti aziyendera m'malo mwawo. Makampani odziwika bwino a notary akuphatikizapo: SGS Standard Technical Services Co., Ltd. (SGS), Bureau Veritas (BV), ndi Intertek Group (ITS) ndi CSCC etc.
Monga mlangizi woyendera fakitale, nthawi zambiri ndimapeza kuti makampani ambiri amalonda akunja amakhala ndi kusamvetsetsana kokhudza kuyendera fakitale yamakasitomala. Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane ndi motere:
1. Ganizirani kuti makasitomala ndi amphuno.
Makampani ambiri omwe adakumana ndi fakitale kwa nthawi yoyamba amawona kuti nzosamvetsetseka. Mukagula zinthu kuchokera kwa ine, ndimangofunika kukubweretserani zinthu zoyenera panthawi yake. Chifukwa chiyani ndiyenera kusamala za momwe kampani yanga imayendetsedwa. Mabizinesi awa samamvetsetsa zofunikira za makasitomala akunja konse, ndipo kumvetsetsa kwawo ndikwapang'onopang'ono. Ichi ndi chiwonetsero cha kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa malingaliro amakampani aku China ndi akunja. Mwachitsanzo, kuyang'ana kwapamwamba ndi luso la fakitale, popanda dongosolo labwino loyang'anira ndi ndondomeko, n'zovuta kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino komanso zoperekedwa. Njira imabweretsa zotsatira. Ndizovuta kwa kampani yomwe ili ndi kasamalidwe kosokoneza kutsimikizira makasitomala kuti ikhoza kutulutsa mokhazikika ndikuwonetsetsa kutumizidwa.
Kuyang'ana kwa fakitale yokhudzana ndi udindo wa anthu kumachitika chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa kwa mabungwe omwe si aboma komanso malingaliro a anthu, ndipo kuyendera fakitale ndikofunikira kuti tipewe ngozi. Kuwunika kwa fakitale yolimbana ndi zigawenga motsogozedwa ndi makasitomala aku America kulinso chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa kwa miyambo yapakhomo komanso boma kuti lithane ndi uchigawenga. Poyerekeza, kuwunika kwaukadaulo ndiukadaulo ndizomwe makasitomala amasamala kwambiri. Kubwerera m'mbuyo, popeza ndi malamulo a masewera omwe amaikidwa ndi kasitomala, monga bizinesi, simungasinthe malamulo a masewerawo, kotero mutha kusintha malinga ndi zofunikira za kasitomala, mwinamwake mudzasiya kutumiza kunja. dongosolo;
2. Ganizirani kuti kuyendera fakitale si ubale.
Eni mabizinesi ambiri amadziwa bwino momwe amachitira zinthu ku China, ndipo amaganiza kuti kuyang'anira fakitale ndi nkhani yongofuna kuthetsa ubalewo. Ukunso ndi kusamvetsetsana kwakukulu. M'malo mwake, kuwunika kwa fakitale komwe kasitomala amafunikira kumafunika kuwongolera koyenera ndi kampaniyo. Wofufuzayo alibe luso lofotokozera bizinesi yosokonezeka ngati duwa. Kupatula apo, wowerengera amayenera kutenga zithunzi, kukopera zikalata ndi umboni wina kuti abweretsenso mtsogolo. Kumbali inayi, mabungwe ambiri owerengera ndalama alinso makampani akunja, omwe ali ndi kasamalidwe kokhazikika, akugogomezera kwambiri ndikukhazikitsa mfundo zaukhondo za boma, ndipo owerengera amayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa mochulukira. Tsopano chonse kafukufuku m'mlengalenga akadali zabwino kwambiri, ndithudi, munthu auditors si kuchotsedwa. Ngati pali mafakitale omwe angayesere kuyika chuma chawo paubwenzi wabwino popanda kusintha kwenikweni, ndikukhulupirira kuti pali kuthekera kwakukulu kuti avutike. Kuti tidutse kuyendera fakitale, tiyenera kukonza mokwanira.
3. Ngati mukuganiza kuti hardware yanu ndi yabwino, mudzatha kuyendera fakitale.
Makampani ambiri nthawi zambiri amanena kuti ngati kampani yoyandikana nayo ndi yoipa kuposa iwo, ngati atha kudutsa, ndiye kuti adzadutsa. Mafakitolewa samvetsetsa malamulo ndi zomwe zili mu kuyendera fakitale konse. Kuwunika kwa fakitale kumaphatikizapo zambiri, hardware ndi mbali imodzi yokha, ndipo pali mapulogalamu ambiri omwe sangathe kuwonedwa, omwe amatsimikizira zotsatira zomaliza zoyendera fakitale.
4. Ngati mukuganiza kuti nyumba yanu si yabwino, musaiyese.
Mafakitalewa adapanganso zolakwika pamwambapa. Malingana ngati hardware ya bizinesiyo ili ndi zolakwika, mwachitsanzo, malo ogona ndi malo ogwirira ntchito ali m'nyumba imodzi ya fakitale, nyumbayi ndi yakale kwambiri ndipo pali zoopsa zomwe zingatheke, ndipo zotsatira za nyumbayo zimakhala ndi mavuto aakulu. Ngakhale makampani omwe ali ndi ma hardware oyipa amathanso kuwunikanso fakitale.
5. Ganizirani kuti kudutsa kuyendera fakitale sikungatheke kwa ine.
Mabizinesi ambiri ochita malonda akunja adachokera ku zokambirana za mabanja, ndipo kasamalidwe kawo ndi chipwirikiti. Ngakhale atangosamukira kumene ku msonkhanowo, amaona kuti kasamalidwe kawo ka bizinesi ndi chipwirikiti. M'malo mwake, mabizinesiwa safunikira kukana mopitilira muyeso kuyendera mafakitale. Zinthu za Hardware zikakwaniritsidwa, bola ngati oyang'anira ali ndi kutsimikiza kokwanira kuti apeze bungwe lothandizira lakunja, amatha kusintha kasamalidwe ka bizinesiyo pakanthawi kochepa, kuwongolera kasamalidwe, ndipo pamapeto pake kudzera mu kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana wamakasitomala a Class. . Mwa makasitomala omwe tawalangiza, milandu yotereyi ndi yambiri. Makampani ambiri amadandaula kuti mtengo wake si waukulu ndipo nthawi siitali, koma makampani awo amaona kuti ali ndi vuto. Monga abwana, amakhalanso otsimikiza kwambiri kutsogolera amalonda awo ndi makasitomala akunja amayendera mabizinesi awo.
6. Kuganiza kuti kuyang'anira fakitale ndikovuta kwambiri kukana pempho loyendera fakitale ya kasitomala.
M'malo mwake, pakadali pano, makampani omwe amatumiza kunja kumisika yaku Europe ndi America amayenera kulumikizana ndi fakitale kuti awonedwe. Kumlingo wakutiwakuti, kukana kuyendera fakitale kumatanthauza kukana maoda ndi kukana mapindu abwinoko. Makampani ambiri anabwera kwa ife ndipo ananena kuti nthaŵi zonse amalonda ndi makasitomala akunja akapempha kuyendera fakitale, iwo amakana nthaŵi zonse. Komabe, patapita zaka zingapo, ndinapeza kuti malamulo anga akukhala ochepa kwambiri ndipo phindu linakhala lochepa kwambiri, ndipo mabizinesi ozungulira omwe kale anali pamlingo womwewo adakula mofulumira m'zaka zingapo zapitazi chifukwa cha kuyendera fakitale kawirikawiri. Makampani ena anenanso kuti akhala akuchita malonda akunja kwa zaka zambiri ndipo sanayang'anepo fakitaleyi. Ngakhale kuti amaona kuti wadalitsidwa, timamva chisoni chifukwa cha iye. Chifukwa kwa zaka zambiri, phindu lake lakhala likugwiritsiridwa ntchito mosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza ndipo silingathe kusamalira.
Kampani yomwe sinayang'anepo fakitale iyenera kuti idalandira maoda opangidwa mwachinsinsi ndi makampani ena oyendera mafakitale. Makampani awo ali ngati sitima zapamadzi, sanawonekere kumbali ya kasitomala, ndipo kasitomala womaliza sanadziwepo kampaniyi. kukhalapo kwa bizinesi. Malo okhala mabizinesi otere adzakhala ang'onoang'ono komanso ang'onoang'ono, chifukwa makasitomala ambiri akuluakulu amaletsa mosavomerezeka ma subcontracting opanda chilolezo, motero amakhala ocheperako kuti alandire maoda. Popeza madongosolo a subcontracted, phindu lochepa kale lidzakhala lochepa kwambiri. Komanso, madongosolo oterowo ndi osakhazikika, ndipo nyumba yam'mbuyomu imatha kupeza fakitale yokhala ndi mtengo wabwinoko ndikusinthidwa nthawi iliyonse.
Pali njira zitatu zokha pakuwunika kwamakasitomala:
Kuwunikanso zikalata, pitani patsamba lopangira, ndikuchita zoyankhulana ndi antchito, chifukwa chake konzekerani zinthu zitatu zomwe tafotokozazi: konzani zikalata, makamaka dongosolo; konzekerani malowa, makamaka tcherani khutu chitetezo chamoto, inshuwaransi yantchito ya antchito, ndi zina zotero; Ndipo mbali zina za maphunziro, tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mayankho ogwira ntchito akugwirizana ndi zolemba zolembedwa kwa alendo.
Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuyendera fakitale (kuwunika kwaufulu wa anthu ndi udindo wa anthu, kuyang'anira zotsutsana ndi uchigawenga, kuwunika kwa kupanga ndi kuwongolera, kuyang'anira zachilengedwe, ndi zina), zokonzekera zomwe zimafunikira ndizosiyana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-11-2022