isuzuma ryibirenge byamazi

Umutungo w'amazi

Amazi meza yaboneka kubantu ni make cyane. Dukurikije imibare y’Umuryango w’abibumbye, umubare w’amazi yose ku isi agera kuri kilometero kibe miliyari 1.4, kandi umutungo w’amazi meza abantu bahabwa ni 2,5% by’umutungo rusange w’amazi, kandi hafi 70% muri bo ni urubura na shelegi ihoraho mumisozi no mukarere ka polar. Amazi meza abikwa munsi yubutaka bwamazi yubutaka kandi bigizwe na 97% byumutungo wamazi meza ashobora kuboneka kubantu.

Ibyuka bihumanya

Nk’uko NASA ikomeza ibivuga, kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, ibikorwa by'abantu byatumye habaho kwiyongera kw'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ndetse n'ubushyuhe bukabije bw'ikirere ku isi, ibyo bikaba byazanye ingaruka nyinshi, urugero: kuzamuka kw'inyanja, gushonga ibibarafu na shelegi mu nyanja, kugabanya ububiko bw'amazi meza Umwuzure, ibihuhusi bikabije by'ikirere, inkongi y'umuriro, n'umwuzure ni kenshi kandi birakabije.

# Wibande ku kamaro ka karubone / amazi yintambwe

Ikirenge cyamazi gipima ubwinshi bwamazi akoreshwa mugukora buri kintu cyiza cyangwa serivisi abantu barya, naho ikirenge cya karubone gipima urugero rwa gaze ya parike itangwa nibikorwa byabantu. Ibipimo bya karuboni / amazi birashobora kuva kumurongo umwe, nkibikorwa byose byo gukora ibicuruzwa, kugeza ku nganda cyangwa akarere runaka, nkinganda z’imyenda, akarere, cyangwa igihugu cyose. Gupima ikirenge cya karubone / amazi byombi bikoresha umutungo kamere kandi bikagereranya ingaruka zabantu kubidukikije.

#Gupima ikirenge cya karuboni / amazi yinganda zimyenda, hagomba kwitabwaho kuri buri cyiciro cyurwego rwo gutanga kugirango igabanye ibidukikije muri rusange.

#Ibi bikubiyemo uburyo fibre ikura cyangwa ikomatanya, uko izunguruka, itunganywa kandi irangi, uko imyenda yubatswe ikanatangwa, nuburyo ikoreshwa, yoza kandi amaherezo ikajugunywa.

#Ingaruka zinganda zimyenda kumitungo yamazi no gusohora imyuka

Inzira nyinshi mubikorwa byimyenda ni amazi menshi: ubunini, gusuzugura, gusiga, gukaraba, guhumeka, gucapa no kurangiza. Ariko gukoresha amazi ni bimwe mu ngaruka z’ibidukikije by’inganda z’imyenda, kandi amazi y’imyanda y’imyanda ashobora no kuba arimo imyanda myinshi yangiza umutungo w’amazi. Muri 2020, Ecotextile yagaragaje ko inganda z’imyenda zifatwa nkimwe mu zitanga imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku isi. Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu musaruro w’imyenda bigera kuri toni miliyari 1,2 ku mwaka, bikarenga umusaruro w’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byateye imbere. Imyenda ishobora kuba irenga kimwe cya kane cy’ibicuruzwa byangiza imyuka ya karuboni ku isi mu 2050, hashingiwe ku baturage muri iki gihe ndetse n’inzira zikoreshwa. Inganda z’imyenda zigomba gufata iyambere mukwibanda ku myuka ihumanya ikirere n’imikoreshereze y’amazi n’uburyo ubushyuhe bw’isi, gutakaza amazi n’ibyangiza ibidukikije bigomba kuba bike.

OEKO-TEX® itangiza igikoresho cyo gusuzuma ingaruka z’ibidukikije

Igikoresho cyo gusuzuma ingaruka ku bidukikije ubu kiraboneka ku ruganda urwo ari rwo rwose rutunganya imyenda rusaba cyangwa wabonye STeP ku cyemezo cya OEKO-TEX®, kandi uraboneka kubuntu kurupapuro rwa STeP kurubuga rwa myOEKO-TEX®, kandi inganda zirashobora kwitabira kubushake.

Kugira ngo intego y’inganda y’imyenda igabanye ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku kigero cya 30% mu 2030, OEKO-TEX® yashyizeho igikoresho cyoroheje, cyifashisha abakoresha mu kubara ibirenge bya karuboni n’amazi - Igikoresho cyo gusuzuma ingaruka z’ibidukikije, ibyo Carbone n’ibirenge by’amazi bishobora gupimwa kuri buri nzira, inzira yose hamwe na kilo y'ibikoresho / ibicuruzwa. Kugeza ubu, STeP na OEKO-TEX® Icyemezo cyuruganda cyinjijwe mubikoresho, bifasha inganda:

• Kugaragaza ingaruka ntarengwa za karubone n’amazi ukurikije ibikoresho byakoreshejwe cyangwa byakozwe nuburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro birimo;

• Fata ingamba zo kunoza imikorere no kuzuza intego zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya;

• Sangira amakuru ya karubone n'amazi kubakiriya, abashoramari, abafatanyabikorwa mubucuruzi nabandi bafatanyabikorwa.

• OEKO-TEX® yafatanije na Quantis, impuguke mu bumenyi bwa siyanse irambye, kugira ngo bahitemo uburyo bwa Screening Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) kugira ngo hategurwe igikoresho cyo gusuzuma ingaruka z’ibidukikije gifasha inganda kugereranya ingaruka za karubone n’amazi binyuze mu mucyo no mu buryo bwerekana amakuru.

Igikoresho cya EIA gikoresha amahame yemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga:

Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bibarwa hashingiwe ku buryo bwa IPCC 2013 busabwa na Porotokole ya Greenhouse (GHG) Amazi y’amazi apimwa hashingiwe ku buryo bwa AWARE bwasabwe n’ibikoresho bya Komisiyo y’Uburayi bushingiye ku bicuruzwa ISO 14040 Ibicuruzwa LCA hamwe n’ibidukikije Ibidukikije Ibirenge PEF Isuzuma

Uburyo bwo kubara bwiki gikoresho bushingiye ku bubiko mpuzamahanga buzwi:

WALDB - Amakuru y’ibidukikije ku musaruro wa Fibre no gutunganya imyenda Intambwe ya Ecoinvent - Amakuru ku rwego rwisi / Uturere / Urwego mpuzamahanga: Amashanyarazi, Imashini, Gupakira, Imyanda, Imiti, Ubwikorezi Nyuma y’ibimera byinjije amakuru mu gikoresho, igikoresho giha amakuru yose kuri ibikorwa byumusaruro kugiti cye no kugwizwa namakuru ajyanye na verisiyo ya Ecoinvent 3.5 base na WALDB.