Abanditsi ： K Ganesh ， Ramanath KB ， Jason D Li ， Li Yuanpeng ， Tanmay Mothe ， Hanish Yadav ， Alpesh Chaddha 和 Neelesh Mundra
Internet yubatse itumanaho ryubukungu kandi ryiza "ikiraro" hagati yabaguzi n’abagurisha ku isi. Hamwe n'izamuka rya tekinoroji ishoboka nko kwishyura neza, gukurikirana ibicuruzwa na serivisi zabakiriya, isoko rya e-ubucuruzi ku isi ryazamutse cyane. Biteganijwe ko ubucuruzi bwa e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka ku isi buziyongera buva kuri miliyari 400 z'amadolari mu 2016 bugere kuri tiriyari 1.25 mu 2021. Nk’umuyobozi w’iri terambere ry’iterambere, kuva mu 2012 kugeza 2016, ingano y’isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bw’imipaka mu Bushinwa ryiyongereye kuva ku mafaranga Miliyari 293.7 kugeza kuri miliyari 1.280.1. Ibi biterwa ahanini ningingo ebyiri: 1) irekurwa ritunguranye ryumuguzi wambukiranya imipaka; 2) ibidukikije bigenzurwa neza. Iterambere ryimbuga za interineti, imbuga nkoranyambaga hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ibikoresho nabyo byagize uruhare runini mu guteza imbere iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka. Nyuma yaho, guverinoma y'Ubushinwa yarushijeho gushishikariza iterambere rya e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka hashyirwaho uturere tw’ubucuruzi ku buntu no guteza imbere gahunda ya “Umukandara n’umuhanda”. Ibigo nka Cross-border, Amazon na Tmall byakoresheje byimazeyo politiki iboneye kandi buhoro buhoro bigenda byinjira mukarere k'ubucuruzi bwisanzuye. Ibigo byiganjemo ibicuruzwa bitanga ibicuruzwa hamwe n’ibindi bigo by’ibikoresho byo mu karere nabyo biritegura gukoresha inyungu z’ubucuruzi bugenda bwiyongera ku masoko y'Umuhanda n'Umuhanda. Icyakora, hamwe n’ishyirwaho rya politiki y’amategeko agenga guverinoma no kugenzura tekinike y’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa, izamuka ry’imbere ry’ubushinwa ryambukiranya imipaka mu Bushinwa rizarushaho gushyira mu gaciro. Byongeye kandi, inganda ubwazo zihura n’ibibazo byinshi, nko guhangayikishwa n’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka, uburyo bwo gukuraho gasutamo idahwitse, hamwe n’uburyo bwo gukemura amakimbirane bwambukiranya imipaka. Iyobowe n'Ubushinwa, ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka buzatera imbaraga nshya ejo hazaza h'ubucuruzi. Hamwe noguhindura buhoro buhoro imbibi z’akarere, ibigo bifite agaciro rwose bizashobora kwambuka imipaka kandi byemere ikizamini cyubugome bwimbunda nyazo ku isoko ryisi. Ibigo bigurisha bizashobora kwandika amategeko yumukino bifashishije inyungu zabo; mugihe amashyirahamwe agaruka cyane akeneye kuvugurura ingamba zayo no gutegereza amahirwe.
Incamake
Internet yubatse itumanaho ryubukungu kandi ryiza "ikiraro" hagati yabaguzi n’abagurisha ku isi. Isoko rya e-ubucuruzi kwisi yose ryazamutse cyane hamwe niterambere mugushoboza ikoranabuhanga nko kwishyura neza, gukurikirana ibicuruzwa, na serivisi zabakiriya. Kuva mu 2014 kugeza 2017, kugurisha e-ubucuruzi ku isi hose (ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi, usibye amatike y'ingendo n'ibirori, n'ibindi) byazamutse biva kuri tiriyoni 1.336 z'amadorari bigera kuri tiriyari 2.304, kandi biteganijwe ko iyi mibare izagera kuri tiriyari 4.878 z'amadolari muri 2021. Muri icyo gihe kimwe. , umugabane wa e-ubucuruzi wagurishijwe ku bicuruzwa byose ku isi wazamutse uva kuri 7.4% ugera ku 10.2%, kandi biteganijwe ko uzagera kuri 17.5% mu 2021. Kuva mu 2017 kugeza 2022, biteganijwe ko Ubushinwa bugurisha ibicuruzwa kuri interineti byiyongera kuva kuri miliyari 499.015 kugeza kuri arenga miliyari 956.488 USD. Mu mwaka wa 2015, e-ubucuruzi bwagize 15.9% gusa by’ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe mu Bushinwa, ariko biteganijwe ko uyu mugabane uzagera kuri 33,6% muri 2019. Dukurikije iyi mibare, ubwiyongere bw’ubucuruzi bw’Ubushinwa bumaze kuba hejuru ugereranyije n’ikigereranyo cy’isi. Biteganijwe ko ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka ku isi byiyongera kuva kuri miliyari 400 z'amadolari muri 2016 bikagera kuri tiriyari 1.25 muri 2021, bikiyongera 26% ku mwaka. Impamvu nyamukuru zibitera inyuma ni ukumenyekana cyane kwa terefone zigendanwa na interineti, irushanwa rikaze ry’ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, ndetse no kurushaho kumenyekanisha abaguzi. Iyo usubije amaso inyuma ukareba iterambere ryimyaka mike ishize, ibintu nko kubura ibicuruzwa byaho, kubura buhoro buhoro ububiko bwibintu bifatika, kugabanuka kw'ibiciro bikomeje, no kuzamura ibikoresho ku isoko mpuzamahanga byose byongereye mu buryo bwihuse akamaro k'umusaraba. -Ubucuruzi bwumupaka.
Isoko rya e-ubucuruzi mu Bushinwa
Iterambere rya e-ubucuruzi mu Bushinwa
Ubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi mu Bushinwa bwazamutse vuba mu myaka mike ishize - mu 2016, ubunini bw’isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’Ubushinwa bwari hafi miliyari 403.458 z’amadolari y’Amerika, iyi mibare yiyongereye igera kuri miliyari 499.15 muri 2017, bikaba biteganijwe ko izarenga miliyari 956 muri 2022 . Iri terambere rishobora guterwa nimpamvu zitandukanye, nko kuzamuka kwa terefone igendanwa, uburambe buke bwo guhaha mu maduka yubakishijwe amatafari, hamwe n’ipiganwa rikomeye ku isoko rya e-bucuruzi.
Niki gitera gukuraIcyiciro cyo hagati yinjiza nimbaraga nyamukuru muguhaha imipaka. Bafite imbaraga zo kugura no gukurikirana cyane ubuzima bwiza (harimo no gukurikirana ibicuruzwa byiza / ibirango bizwi). Ibi bivuze ko bafite ubushake bwo kugura ibicuruzwa mumahanga babinyujije kumurongo wogucuruza kumurongo wambukiranya imipaka mugihe cyose igiciro gishimishije (mugihe cyose igiciro cyo kugurisha hanze yibicuruzwa hiyongereyeho ibicuruzwa byoherejwe hamwe nibiciro biri munsi yikiguzi cyo kugurisha mubushinwa) . Mu myaka itanu iri imbere, ingano y’itsinda ryinjiza hagati mu Bushinwa rizakomeza kwaguka (umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka ugera kuri 3%), kandi urwego rwinjiza ruzakomeza kwiyongera (impuzandengo y’ubwiyongere buri mwaka ya 5% kugeza 7%), ibyo bizarushaho kongera imbaraga zo kugura iri tsinda. Imbaraga zo kugura no gukenera ibicuruzwa byiza bizarushaho gutera imbere kuzamuka kwisoko ryicuruzwa ryambukiranya imipaka. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma y'Ubushinwa nayo ishyigikiye cyane iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka ku murongo hagamijwe kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa. Ubushinwa bwashyizeho uduce twinshi tw’ubucuruzi twisanzuye mu gihugu, bugamije guteza imbere inganda z’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka (nk’ububiko bw’ububiko). Ikoranabuhanga rifite kandi uruhare runini mu koroshya iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka: Uyu munsi, abaguzi barashobora kureba byoroshye ibicuruzwa biva hirya no hino ku isi batiriwe bava mu ngo zabo bakoresheje kanda ya ecran ya terefone igendanwa. Abacuruzi ntibakibaho gusa mububiko bwamatafari n'amatafari, ariko bagenda bimukira kurubuga rwa interineti, imbuga nkoranyambaga na porogaramu zigendanwa kugira ngo baha abakiriya inzira zitandukanye zo kugurisha. Usibye kuzana imiyoboro ya omni-umuyoboro, tekinoroji igaragara nayo yazamuye ubushobozi bwa serivisi y'ibikoresho. Nyuma yo guhuza bidasubirwaho imiyoboro yo kugurisha kumurongo hamwe nuyoboro w’ibikoresho, amakuru y’ibikoresho azarushaho gukorera mu mucyo, byorohereze abakiriya kubaza no gukurikirana ibicuruzwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, ahantu hose. Korohereza kugura kumurongo bizakomeza gutwara iterambere rya e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka.
Ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka mu Bushinwa
Isoko ryo kugurisha imipaka ku Bushinwa ryambukiranya imipaka ryazamutse cyane mu myaka mike ishize: Hagati ya 2012 na 2016, Ubushinwa bwinjira mu bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka ku mipaka bwavuye kuri miliyari 293.7 bugera kuri miliyari 1,280.1, buri mwaka ugereranyije wiyongereyeho 44%.
1 Kuzana no kohereza hanze
Ibyiciro by'ibicuruzwa abaguzi b'Abashinwa bagura ku masoko mpuzamahanga (nka Amerika, Ubuyapani, Ubudage, Koreya y'Epfo, Ositaraliya, Ubuholandi, Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza, Ubutaliyani, Nouvelle-Zélande, n'ibindi) binyuze ku mbuga za e-bucuruzi ahanini zirimo kwisiga nibicuruzwa byubuzima, ibitabo na CD, Imyenda nibikoresho, nibikoresho bya mudasobwa hamwe na software. Muri icyo gihe, Ubushinwa nabwo bwohereza telefoni zigendanwa n'ibikoresho, imideri, ubuzima n'ubwiza, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ndetse na siporo n'ibicuruzwa byo hanze muri Amerika, Ubwongereza, Hong Kong, Burezili, Ubudage, Ubufaransa, Uburusiya, Ubuyapani na Koreya y'Epfo. Muri byo, kwiyongera kw'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, kunonosora amagambo, kongera ubwiyongere bw'akarere, kuzamura ireme, ndetse n'ibiciro bishimishije ni byo bintu nyamukuru bitera iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’imipaka twavuze haruguru.
Isesengura ry'imanza
Kugenzura ibiciro byo kugurisha umuyoboro:Kuza kw'ikoranabuhanga rishya ryazanye ibiciro bisobanutse kubakoresha, abadandaza hamwe na e-ubucuruzi. Urebye ko abaguzi bashobora guhaha byoroshye mumahanga babifashijwemo na e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bicuruza bigenda buhoro buhoro bamenya ko itandukaniro ryibiciro hagati yakarere kinyuranye kwisi ndetse no kumurongo ndetse no kumurongo wa interineti bishobora gutera ikibazo cyo kwinjiza amafaranga aringaniye hagati yakarere kamwe kandi bigira ingaruka ku isoko. inyungu. Ibi bigaragarira cyane cyane mu bicuruzwa byinjiza amafaranga menshi. Kubwibyo, ibirango byinshi binini byatangiye guhindura ibiciro kugirango bigabanye itandukaniro ryibiciro hagati yakarere, bigabanya ubwiza bwubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka kurwego runaka.
Ibigo byiganjemo gutanga ibicuruzwa byihuta hamwe n’ibindi bigo by’ibikoresho byo mu karere nabyo biritegura kwihutisha imbaraga zabyo kugira ngo bungukirwe n’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bigenda byiyongera ku masoko y’umuhanda n’umuhanda. SF Express yatangije ubucuruzi butumizwa mu mahanga kandi yubaka urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi ku isoko ry’Uburusiya; Best Huitong yashyizeho ikigo cyambukiranya imipaka ya e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka no gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa muri Sinayi kugira ngo bihuze amasoko yo muri Aziya yo hagati n’Uburayi. “Cloud Warehouse” irashobora gufasha abadandaza b'Abashinwa baho gukora ubucuruzi bwa Silk Road; Li & Fung Logistics yubatse ikigo cya logi ya metero kare miliyoni imwe muri Singapuru kugirango ishobore gukenera ibicuruzwa byoherejwe na e-bucuruzi muri ASEAN.
Iterambere rya e-ubucuruzi mu Bushinwa
Urebye imbere, ibyo abaguzi bakeneye ku bicuruzwa bihendutse mu mahanga bizarushaho gutera imbere ku isoko ry’ibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka. Ariko, mugihe abagenzuzi barushijeho kongera ibitekerezo byabo, inyungu yibiciro mbere yishimiraga ibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka bizacika intege, kandi iterambere ryisoko rizagenda gahoro gahoro. Nk’uko McKinsey abibona, hamwe na guverinoma yashyizeho politiki ngenderwaho n’ubuyobozi ndetse no kugenzura tekinike y’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa, izamuka ry’imbere ry’ibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka mu Bushinwa bizarushaho gushyira mu gaciro. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma yafashe ingamba zimwe na zimwe zifasha ubucuruzi bwa e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka gutera imbere mu cyerekezo cyiza kandi kirambye.
1 Gahunda za leta
Politiki nshya y’imisoro:Guverinoma yakomeje kunoza politiki y’imisoro y’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka kugira ngo igenzure gahunda y’inganda kandi igere ku iterambere ryiza kandi ryuzuye. Ku ruhande rumwe, ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki nshya y’imisoro rizazana iyongerwa ry’imisoro y’iposita, bityo bigabanye kugura umuntu ku giti cye; ku rundi ruhande, nyuma yo gushyira mu bikorwa igipimo gishya cy’imisoro, umutwaro w’imisoro wa e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka uzagabanuka, ibyo bikazana inyungu ku mbuga za interineti. Usibye impinduka muri politiki y’imisoro, guverinoma yashyizeho kandi imijyi y’icyitegererezo ku mbuga za e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka / parike kugira ngo ikurure ibigo bitandukanye by’ubucuruzi byambukiranya imipaka no gushishikariza iterambere ry’inganda. Politiki nshya y’imisoro izafasha gushimangira imiyoborere ya leta, gukumira kunyereza imisoro, no kongera imisoro yambukiranya imipaka. Irashobora kandi kwagura icyiciro cyibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga ihindura imiterere y’imisoro, nko gushyiraho umusoro mwinshi ku bicuruzwa bifite agaciro kanini, gushishikariza kwinjiza ibicuruzwa birebire birebire, ntabwo ari ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe cyane. Kugabanuka k'umusoro w'iposita bizatuma kandi abakiriya bahindukirira byinshi kuri posita kubicuruzwa biciriritse / bidahenze. Kugira ngo inzibacyuho igende neza kandi ishyirwe mu bikorwa neza muri politiki nshya y’imisoro, guverinoma y’Ubushinwa yasubitse ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki nshya y’imisoro kugeza mu mpera za 2018 biturutse ku ngamba zifatika. Guteza imbere iyubakwa ry’ubucuruzi bw’ubuntu: Ubushinwa bwateje imbere iyubakwa ry’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi kuva Shanghai yashiraho akarere kayo ka mbere k’ubucuruzi ku buntu mu mwaka wa 2013. Nyuma ya 2015, ahantu hatandukanye hatangiye kwigana ubu buryo, bityo hajyaho akarere k’ubucuruzi ku buntu mu gihugu cyose . Kugeza ubu, hari uduce 18 tw’ubucuruzi ku buntu mu Bushinwa. Gushiraho uduce tw’ubucuruzi / ububiko bw’ubuntu no kwagura imijyi y’icyitegererezo cya e-ubucuruzi byashishikarije amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi gukora ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka. Byongeye kandi, politiki y’ibanze mu karere k’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye nayo ifasha mu kunoza imikorere y’ibikoresho byinjira mu bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka no guhuza ubukungu mu karere. Abatanga serivisi za Logistique bayobowe na SF Express nabo bashishikajwe no gusimbukira muri gari ya moshi yihuta “imipaka y’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka”, kandi batangiye gukorera mu karere k’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye kugira ngo bafate amahirwe y’isoko ryihuta ryihuta batanga isoko ryuzuye. serivisi zo gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. . “Umuhanda umwe Umukandara umwe”: Gahunda ya “Umuhanda umwe umwe” igamije kuvugurura Umuhanda wa Silk wa kera uhinduka inzira igezweho yo gutwara abantu, ubucuruzi n’ubukungu, koroshya ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, no gushyiraho “amahirwe yo gusohoka”. Kurugero, Alibaba yubatse ikigo cya mbere cyubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki yubucuruzi (eWTP) mukarere ka Maleziya yubucuruzi bwigenga. Iki kigo cyatangiye gukoreshwa mu mwaka wa 2019, kigamije kugira uruhare mu ihuriro ry’ibicuruzwa byo mu karere byo mu karere no gushyiraho uburyo bworoshye bw’ubucuruzi ku mishinga mito n'iciriritse ikora ubucuruzi ku isi.
Inzitizi
Ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka bugizwe nibyiciro 5: kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa, ububiko n’ibikoresho, kwemeza gasutamo, gukemura ibicuruzwa na serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha. Ibibazo byahuye n’amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi y’ubucuruzi y’ubushinwa yambukiranya imipaka harimo: gutinda kwishyurwa rya gasutamo, imiterere y’imisoro igoye, igiciro kinini cy’ibikoresho mpuzamahanga, na serivisi mbi nyuma yo kugurisha. Ibi bibazo birashobora guterwa nimpamvu zikurikira: ubwiza bwibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka byambukiranya imipaka biteye impungenge, urebye ko bitoroshye gupakurura no gupima ibicuruzwa umwe umwe, kandi kuri ubu hashobora gukorwa igenzura ryibicuruzwa byibanze, aribyo bituma byanze bikunze gushidikanya ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, ibipimo ngenderwaho ku bicuruzwa byo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga biracyasobanutse, kandi "guterana amagambo" byanze bikunze mu gihe cyo kwemeza gasutamo no gushyira mu kato. Ingero za gasutamo zisanzwe zidakora neza Izi ngero gakondo zisanzwe mubucuruzi B2B no kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa byinshi. Nyamara, ibicuruzwa bya B2C byubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka e-ubucuruzi mubisanzwe ni bito kandi bitatanye, kandi ubwo buryo bwa gakondo buzongerera igihe cya karantine. Amabwiriza agenga imiyoboro ya e-ubucuruzi asigaye inyuma y’ubucuruzi buciriritse n’Ubushinwa bucuruza binyuze mu mbuga za interineti. Amahuriro nkaya ashyirwa mubikorwa nkibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga na leta y'Ubushinwa. Ibicuruzwa by'isosiyete bimaze kugira ibibazo bifite ireme cyangwa birimo kunyereza imisoro yambukiranya imipaka, urubuga ruzahanwa, ntabwo ari sosiyete ihuye. Kudakora neza mu gukemura amakimbirane yambukiranya imipaka Komisiyo mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi y’umuryango w’abibumbye (Komisiyo mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi y’umuryango w’abibumbye) yatanze icyifuzo cy’uburyo bwo gukemura amakimbirane yo mu bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka ku mipaka mu 2009. Uburyo bwo gukemura amakimbirane twavuze haruguru ntibwakurikijwe kubera ibirego bidahuye n'ibihugu bitandukanye. Kubwibyo, imikorere ya serivise nyuma yo kugurisha no gukemura amakimbirane ya e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka ni mike cyane.
Gutandukana binyuze kuri e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka Icyorezo gishya cy'ikamba gikwirakwira vuba, cyibasiye ibihugu hafi ya byose ku isi. Muri iki cyorezo, kubera ibyiciro bitandukanye by’iterambere by’ibihugu bitandukanye, imikorere y’imyitwarire y’abaguzi ijyanye n’ubucuruzi bwigenga bwambukiranya imipaka bwinjira mu masoko akomeye nabwo buratandukanye. Urebye ko umubare w’ibibazo mu bihugu byinshi wageze umwe umwe mbere ya Gicurasi 2020, ibicuruzwa byinshi n’amasosiyete acuruza bigurisha ku masoko nabyo biringaniza ibicuruzwa hagati y’amasoko atandukanye uko bikwiye; bihugu byinshi ndetse biboneye mugihe cyicyorezo. Kongera ibicuruzwa bya e-ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga.
Igikoresho cyingenzi mugutezimbere imiyoboro yubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka Abacuruzi bagomba koroshya urugendo rwubucuruzi kandi bagatanga uburambe bwubucuruzi butagira ingano bujyanye nibyifuzo byo guhaha kuri buri soko kugirango babone inyungu zunguka e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka bushobora kuzana. Mugihe abaguzi benshi binjira mubucuruzi kumurongo, abadandaza bazakenera kandi guhindura uburyo bwo guhaha kugirango batange uburambe bwubucuruzi bwaho busa nigihugu igihugu abaguzi baherereyemo. Ibi biranga harimo: kureba ibiciro no kwishura mumafaranga yiwanyu, kwemera muburyo bwihariye hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kwishyura, gutangiza imisoro no gushyigikira mbere yo kwishyura, gutanga ibicuruzwa bihendutse no kugaruka, nibindi byinshi.
Ibibazo byihariye byakemuka mugihe cyicyorezo:
Kuvugurura amakuru ajyanye nisoko rigenewe. Imiyoboro ya e-ubucuruzi igomba kuvugana neza nabaguzi kwisi yose, kandi ikavuga neza niba kugura kumurongo byabakinguye. Mubyongeyeho, urubuga rugomba kandi guha abakiriya uburambe, abakiriya baho. Gutangiza Kuzamurwa no Kugabanuka Kuzamurwa no kugabanywa buri gihe nuburyo bwiza kubacuruzi bahindura traffic mubicuruzwa no kongera ibiciro byabakiriya. Kwemeza icyitegererezo cyabatwara ibintu byinshi mubikoresho mpuzamahanga Urugendo rwambukiranya imipaka rwabujijwe no gufunga imipaka no kwigunga mu ngo, kandi ingendo mpuzamahanga zitwara imizigo nazo zaragabanutse cyane, bituma ibicuruzwa bitinda ku masoko amwe. Ubwoko bw'abatwara ibintu byinshi butuma ibigo bitwara ibicuruzwa bikoresha amato yabyo, bivuze ko abacuruzi bashobora kwirinda gutinda gutangwa uko bishoboka kwose, kugabanya ingaruka z'icyorezo ku bikoresho byinjira mu bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, no kuzamura ireme rya serivisi z’abakiriya. Gushyikirana neza n’abaguzi ku isi Ku mbuga za e-ubucuruzi, kugira ngo ibyo abakiriya bategerejweho bishoboka kandi batange serivisi zinoze, bagomba kuba inyangamugayo n’abaguzi ku isi, bakamenyesha neza ko hashobora kubaho gutinda gutanga ibicuruzwa, no gutanga amakuru nyayo. inzira. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane cyane mugihe cyicyorezo. Byongeye kandi, urubuga rugomba gutanga amahitamo yoroshye yo kugaruka no guhindura politiki yo kugaruka kugirango yemere umwanya uhagije kubakoresha kugaruka.
Gufunga imipaka no kwigunga kwabaturage byatumye abakiriya benshi bahitamo kugura kumurongo, kandi imiyoboro ya e-ubucuruzi isanzwe ihitamo abakiriya. Nubwo amazu yubakishijwe amatafari n'amatafari ku masoko amwe n'amwe yongeye ubucuruzi, ishyaka ry'abaguzi ryo kugura kumurongo ntiryagabanutse. McKinsey yizera ko inzira yo guhaha kuri interineti izihuta gusa, kandi icyorezo gishya cy'ikamba ntikizahagarika iterambere ryacyo riturika kuva mu myaka icumi ishize. Icyorezo cyihutishije guhindura imurikagurisha rya interineti kwisi yose kuri moderi ya D2C (itaziguye-ku-baguzi). Ibi ntibizafasha gusa ibirango guhangana neza nigabanuka ryakurikiyeho ryimodoka yububiko, ariko kandi bizarinda ikiranga agaciro nagaciro mugihe cyo kwimuka kuri e-ubucuruzi. Itandukaniro mu mikorere mu masoko akomeye ryerekana akamaro ko gutandukana, ari naryo ryerekana inzira y'ejo hazaza h'urubuga rwa interineti. Bishingiye ku mbuga za e-ubucuruzi, abacuruzi ntibashobora kwagura isoko ryisi gusa, ahubwo banatandukanya ingaruka. Nk’ubukungu bubiri bwihuta cyane mu kinyejana, urwego rwa e-ubucuruzi mu Bushinwa ruratera imbere. Iyobowe n'Ubushinwa, ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka buzatera imbaraga nshya mu bihe biri imbere bya e-ubucuruzi kandi bizagira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry'inganda ubwazo ndetse n'igihugu muri rusange. Hamwe no kuruhuka buhoro buhoro ingamba zifatika ziriho, isoko rya e-ubucuruzi bwimbere mu gihugu rizahinduka cyane. Mubyukuri ibigo bifite agaciro bizashobora kurenga imipaka kandi byemere ikizamini cyubugome bwimbunda nyazo ku isoko ryisi. Niyo mpamvu, guverinoma z’igihugu n’imiryango y’ubucuruzi bigomba guharanira kuzamura irushanwa ryabo kugirango batsinde amarushanwa ku isoko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-17-2022