Gutondekanya nuburyo bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa mu masoko yu Burayi na Amerika

Igenzura ryuruganda rwibigo byaburayi n’abanyamerika mubisanzwe bikurikiza ibipimo bimwe na bimwe, kandi uruganda ubwarwo cyangwa ibigo byemewe byubugenzuzi bwujuje ibyangombwa bigenzura ubugenzuzi nisuzuma ryabatanga isoko. Ibipimo byubugenzuzi bwibigo bitandukanye nimishinga nabyo biratandukanye cyane, kugenzura uruganda rero ntabwo aribikorwa rusange, ariko igipimo cyibipimo byakoreshejwe kiratandukanye bitewe nuko ibintu bimeze. Ninkaho kubaka Lego kubaka, kubaka amahame atandukanye yo kugenzura uruganda. Ibi bice birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine: kugenzura uburenganzira bwa muntu, kugenzura iterabwoba, kugenzura ubuziranenge, no kugenzura ubuzima bw’ibidukikije n’umutekano

Icyiciro cya 1, Kugenzura Uruganda Uburenganzira bwa Muntu

Kumenyekanisha kumugaragaro nkubugenzuzi bwimibereho, ubugenzuzi bwimibereho, gusuzuma uruganda rushinzwe imibereho, nibindi. Igabanijwe kandi mubice byemewe byubuyobozi rusange (nka SA8000, ICTI, BSCI, WRAP, icyemezo cya SMETA, nibindi) hamwe nubugenzuzi busanzwe bwabakiriya (bizwi kandi no kugenzura uruganda rwa COC, nka WAL-MART, DISNEY, ubugenzuzi bwuruganda rwa Carrefour , n'ibindi). Ubu bwoko bwa "ubugenzuzi bwuruganda" bushyirwa mubikorwa muburyo bubiri.

1. Isosiyete isanzwe ishinzwe inshingano zicyemezo

Icyemezo cy’ibikorwa by’imibereho rusange byerekana ibikorwa byo kwemerera ibigo bitagira aho bibogamiye kubandi bashinzwe iterambere rya sisitemu ishinzwe imibereho myiza yabaturage kugirango barebe niba isosiyete isaba igipimo runaka ishobora kuba yujuje ibipimo byagenwe. Umuguzi arasaba ibigo byabashinwa kubona ibyemezo byujuje ibyangombwa binyuze mu mahanga, mu karere, cyangwa mu nganda “inshingano z’imibereho”, nk'ishingiro ryo kugura cyangwa gutanga ibicuruzwa. Ibipimo ngenderwaho ahanini birimo SA8000, ICTI, EICC, WRAP, BSCI, ICS, SMETA, nibindi

2. Isubiramo risanzwe ryabakiriya (Code of imyitwarire)

Mbere yo kugura ibicuruzwa cyangwa gutanga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, amasosiyete mpuzamahanga arasuzuma mu buryo butaziguye ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inshingano z’imibereho y’amasosiyete, cyane cyane ibipimo by’umurimo, n’amasosiyete y’Abashinwa hakurikijwe amahame mbonezamubano yashyizweho n’amasosiyete mpuzamahanga, bakunze kwita amahame agenga imyitwarire. Muri rusange, ibigo binini n’ibiciriritse bigizwe n’ibihugu byinshi bifite amategeko agenga imyitwarire yabo, nka Wal Mart, Disney, Nike, Carrefour, BROWNSHOE, PAYLESSS HOESOURCE, VIEWPOINT, Macy n’indi myenda y’iburayi n’abanyamerika, inkweto, ibikenerwa bya buri munsi, gucuruza hamwe nandi masosiyete yitsinda. Ubu buryo bwitwa kwemeza ishyaka rya kabiri.

Ibikubiye muri ibyo byemezo byombi bishingiye ku bipimo mpuzamahanga by’umurimo, bisaba ko abatanga ibicuruzwa bagomba gukora inshingano ziteganijwe mu bijyanye n’imibereho y’abakozi n’imibereho y’abakozi. Ugereranije, ibyemezo byabandi-byagaragaye hakiri kare, hamwe nibisobanuro byinshi kandi bigira ingaruka, mugihe ibipimo byabandi byemezo hamwe nibisobanuro birambuye.

Ubwoko bwa kabiri, kugenzura uruganda rwo kurwanya iterabwoba

Imwe mu ngamba zo gukemura ibikorwa by’iterabwoba byagaragaye nyuma y’ibitero byo ku ya 9/11 muri Amerika muri 2001. Hariho uburyo bubiri bw’uruganda rugenzura kurwanya iterabwoba: C-TPAT na GSV yemewe. Kugeza ubu, icyemezo cya GSV gitangwa na ITS cyemewe cyane nabakiriya.

1. C-TPAT kurwanya iterabwoba

Ubufatanye bwa gasutamo mu kurwanya iterabwoba (C-TPAT) bugamije gufatanya n’inganda zibishinzwe gushyiraho uburyo bwo gucunga umutekano wo gutanga amasoko kugira ngo umutekano w’ubwikorezi, amakuru y’umutekano, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa biva mu ntangiriro kugeza ku iherezo ry’ibicuruzwa, bityo gukumira gucengera kw'iterabwoba.

2. GSV kurwanya iterabwoba

Global Security Verification (GSV) ni gahunda ya serivise yubucuruzi iyoboye ku rwego mpuzamahanga itanga inkunga yo guteza imbere no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba z’umutekano w’ibicuruzwa ku isi, birimo umutekano w’uruganda, ububiko, ububiko, gupakira, no kohereza. Inshingano ya sisitemu ya GSV ni ugufatanya nabatanga ibicuruzwa n’abatumiza ku isi, guteza imbere gahunda y’icyemezo cy’umutekano ku isi, gufasha abanyamuryango bose gushimangira umutekano no kugenzura ingaruka, kunoza imikorere y’ibicuruzwa, no kugabanya ibiciro. C. Kugabanya umutekano wibicuruzwa biva mu bicuruzwa kugeza aho bijya, kugabanya igihombo, no gutsinda abacuruzi benshi bo muri Amerika.

Icyiciro cya gatatu, kugenzura uruganda rwiza

Bizwi kandi nko kugenzura ubuziranenge cyangwa gusuzuma ubushobozi bwo gukora, bivuga ubugenzuzi bwuruganda rushingiye kubipimo byubuziranenge bwumuguzi runaka. Ibipimo akenshi ntabwo ari "urwego rusange", rutandukanye nicyemezo cya ISO9001. Inshuro zo kugenzura ubuziranenge ntabwo ziri hejuru ugereranije no kugenzura inshingano z’imibereho no kugenzura iterabwoba. Kandi ingorane zo kugenzura nazo ntizihagije kugenzura uruganda rushinzwe imibereho. Fata urugero rwa FC Mart ya Wal Mart.

Izina ryuzuye ryigenzura rishya rya WalCA rya WalCA ni Uruganda Ubushobozi & Ubushobozi bwo Gusuzuma, aribwo umusaruro w’uruganda no gusuzuma ubushobozi. Intego yacyo ni ugusuzuma niba umusaruro w’uruganda nubushobozi bwo gukora byujuje ubushobozi bwa Wal Mart hamwe nibisabwa byiza. Ibirimo byingenzi birimo ibintu bikurikira:

1. Ibikoresho byuruganda nibidukikije

2. Kugenzura imashini no kuyifata neza

3. Sisitemu yo gucunga neza

4. Kugenzura ibikoresho byinjira

5. Gutunganya no kugenzura umusaruro

6. Mu Kwipimisha Inzu

Igenzura rya nyuma

Icyiciro cya 4, Kugenzura Ubuzima bushingiye ku bidukikije n’umutekano

Kurengera ibidukikije, ubuzima n’umutekano, mu magambo ahinnye nka EHS mu Cyongereza. Kubera ko umuryango wose ugenda wita cyane ku bibazo by’ubuzima bushingiye ku bidukikije n’umutekano, ubuyobozi bwa EHS bwavuye mu mirimo ifasha gusa yo gucunga imishinga ikajya mu bintu by’ingenzi mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi birambye. Kugeza ubu, ibigo bisaba ubugenzuzi bwa EHS birimo amashanyarazi rusange, Amashusho rusange, Nike, nibindi.