Gutondekanya ibicuruzwa byabana

Ibicuruzwa byabana birashobora kugabanywamo imyambaro yabana, imyenda yabana (usibye imyenda), inkweto zabana, ibikinisho, imodoka zitwara abana, impapuro zabana, ibicuruzwa byandikirwa ibiryo byabana, imyanya yumutekano wimodoka yabana, ububiko bwabanyeshuri, ibitabo nibindi bicuruzwa byabana. Ibicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa mu mahanga bigenzurwa byemewe n'amategeko.

Igenzura ryemewe n'amategeko kubushinwa busanzwe butumizwa mu mahanga

Igenzura ryemewe n’ibicuruzwa by’abana bitumizwa mu Bushinwa byibanda cyane cyane ku mutekano, isuku, ubuzima n’ibindi, bigamije kurengera ubuzima bw’umubiri n’ibitekerezo by’abana. Ibicuruzwa by’abana bitumizwa mu mahanga bigomba kubahiriza amategeko n'amabwiriza bijyanye n'ibisobanuro bya tekiniki by'igihugu cyanjye. Hano dufata ibicuruzwa bine bisanzwe byabana nkurugero:

01 Masike y'abana

Mugihe cyicyorezo gishya cyumusonga, GB / T 38880-2020 “Mask Technique Technique y'abana” yasohotse kandi ishyirwa mubikorwa. Iki gipimo kibereye abana bafite hagati yimyaka 6-14 kandi nicyo cyambere cyashyizwe ahagaragara kumugaragaro masike yabana kwisi. Usibye ibisabwa byibanze, ibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge nibisabwa byo gupakira, ibipimo bitanga kandi ingingo zisobanutse kubindi bipimo bya tekinike byerekana masike y'abana. Bimwe mubikorwa byerekana masike yabana birakomeye kuruta ibya masike akuze.

Hariho itandukaniro hagati ya masike y'abana na masike y'abakuze. Urebye uko bigaragara, ingano ya masike ikuze ni nini, kandi ubunini bwa masike y'abana ni buto. Igishushanyo cyagenwe ukurikije ubunini bw'isura. Niba abana bakoresha maska ​​akuze, birashobora gutuma umuntu adakwira neza kandi ntaburinzi; icya kabiri, Kurwanya guhumeka kwa mask kubantu bakuze ni ≤ 49 Pa (Pa), urebye imiterere yimiterere yabana no kurinda sisitemu yubuhumekero, kurwanya umwuka wa mask kubana ni ≤ 30 Pa (Pa), kuko abana bafite ubukene kwihanganira guhumeka neza, niba Gukoresha mask yumuntu mukuru bishobora gutera ikibazo ndetse ningaruka zikomeye nko guhumeka.

02 Kuzana ibicuruzwa byo guhuza ibiryo kubana

Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ni ibicuruzwa bigenzurwa n'amategeko, kandi amategeko n'amabwiriza nk'amategeko agenga ibiribwa abiteganya neza. Muri icyo gihe, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bigomba no kubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu. Ibikoresho by'abana hamwe n'akabuto ku ishusho bikozwe mu byuma bitagira umwanda, naho ibyokurya by'abana bikozwe muri plastiki, bigomba kubahiriza GB 4706.1-2016 “Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa ku bikoresho byifashishwa mu guhuza ibiribwa n'ibicuruzwa rusange bisabwa” na GB 4706.9- 2016 “Igipimo cy’umutekano w’ibiribwa ku rwego rw’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu bikoresho n’ibicuruzwa”, GB 4706.7-2016 “Igipimo cy’umutekano w’ibiribwa ku rwego rw’ibiribwa ku bikoresho bya plastiki n’ibicuruzwa”, igipimo gifite ibisabwa mu kumenyekanisha ibirango, ibipimo by’abimukira (arsenic, kadmium, gurş, chromium, nikel), kwimuka kwose, Potasiyumu permanganate ikoreshwa, ibyuma biremereye, hamwe nibizamini bya decolorisation byose bifite ibisabwa bisobanutse.

03 Ibikinisho by'abana bitumizwa mu mahanga

Ibikinisho by'abana bitumizwa mu mahanga ni ibicuruzwa bigenzurwa n'amategeko kandi bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa mu rwego rw'igihugu. Ibikinisho bya plushi ku ishusho bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa bya GB 6675.1-4 “Ibikinisho byumutekano wibikinisho bisabwa”. Igipimo gifite ibisabwa bisobanutse kubiranga ibiranga, imiterere nubukorikori, imiterere yumuriro, hamwe no kwimuka kwibintu byihariye. Ibikinisho by'amashanyarazi, ibikinisho bya pulasitike, ibikinisho by'ibyuma, hamwe n'ibikinisho by'ibinyabiziga bigenda bishyira mu bikorwa icyemezo cya “CCC”. Mugihe uhisemo igikinisho, witondere ibikubiye mubirango byibicuruzwa, wibande kumyaka ikoreshwa yikinisho, kuburira umutekano, ikirango cya CCC, uburyo bwo gukina, nibindi.

04 Imyenda y'abana

Imyenda y'abana yatumijwe mu mahanga ni igenzura ryemewe n'amategeko kandi igomba kuba yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa mu rwego rw'igihugu. Imyenda y'abana iri ku ishusho igomba kuba yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa bya GB 18401-2010 “Ibyingenzi bya tekinike yihariye y’imyenda” na GB 22705-2019 “Ibisabwa by’umutekano ku myenda y’imyenda y’abana no gushushanya”. Attachment tensile imbaraga, azo amarangi, nibindi bifite ibisabwa bisobanutse. Mugihe ugura imyenda yumwana, ugomba gusuzuma niba buto nibintu bito byo gushushanya bikomeye. Ntabwo byemewe kugura imyenda ifite imigozi miremire cyangwa ibikoresho kumpera yumugozi. Gerageza guhitamo imyenda ifite ibara ryoroshye ugereranije bike. , nyuma yo kugura, kwoza mbere yo kwambara kubana.