Ubukorikori-bukoreshwa buri munsi bivuga ibikoresho mubuzima bwa buri munsi bwabantu, nkibikoresho byo kumeza, icyayi, divayi cyangwa ibindi bikoresho. Kubera isoko rikenewe cyane, nkumugenzuzi, hari amahirwe menshi yo guhura nibicuruzwa nkibi. Uyu munsi, nzabagezaho ubumenyi bumwe na bumwe bwo kugenzura ubukorikori bwa buri munsi.
Itandukaniro hagati yumubumbyi na farashi
Itandukaniro hagati yubwoko butandukanye bwubutaka
Kugenzura ibicuruzwa
Mbere ya byose, ubugenzuzi bwo gupakira bugomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amasezerano yihariye yashyizweho umukono nimpande zombi. Ibipfunyika byo hanze bigomba kuba bikomeye, kandi imbere bigomba kuba bikozwe mubikoresho bitarimo ihungabana; ibice by'ibicuruzwa, nk'icyayi n'umupfundikizo, bigomba gutandukanywa n'impapuro zoroshye. Hanze y'agasanduku gapakira (agaseke), hagomba kubaho ibimenyetso by "ibintu byoroshye" n "ibintu bitarinda ubushuhe".
Nyuma yo gupakurura, ugomba kugenzura niba hari ibyangiritse numubare wibice ni bigufi, kandi niba izina ryibicuruzwa nibisobanuro byerekana bihuye namasezerano. Isafuriya nziza nayo igomba kugenzura byuzuye, nkukumenya niba umubare rusange wibikoresho byiza bya feri ya feri muburyo bwuzuye (bikunze kumenyekana nkimitwe myinshi) aribyo.
Kugenzura inenge igaragara
1. Guhindura: bivuga imiterere yibicuruzwa bidahuye nigishushanyo cyagenwe.
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3. Pimple: Yerekeza kumubyimba wazamutse umeze nkumubiri ukomeye wumubiri utwikiriye.
4. Igituba: bivuga igituba cyuzuye hejuru yumubiri utwikiriye.
5. Slag: Yerekeza ku nenge ziterwa nicyondo gisigaye hamwe n’ibisigazwa bya glaze ku busa butakuweho.
6. Kubura ibyondo: bivuga ibintu byerekana ko umubiri wicyatsi utuzuye.
7. Glaze bubble: bivuga udusimba duto hejuru ya glaze.
8. Blister edge: bivuga urukurikirane rwibibyimba bito bigaragara kumpera yumunwa wibicuruzwa.
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10. Amashanyarazi akaranze: bivuga ibintu byo guturika hejuru yububiko bwibicuruzwa.
11. Ibice: bivuga inenge ya striate iterwa no gucamo ibice na glazes, bigabanijwe muburyo butatu. Iya mbere ni igikoma gitwikiriwe na glaze, cyitwa yin crack. Iya kabiri ni uko glaze yamenetse kandi umubiri ntucike, ibyo bita glaze crack. Icya gatatu nuko umubiri hamwe na glaze byombi byacitse, ibyo bita gucika kumubiri ndetse na glaze.
12. Umwobo ushongeshejwe: bivuga umwobo watewe no gushonga ibintu byoroshye mugihe cyo kurasa.
13. Ibibanza: bivuga ibara ryamabara hejuru yibicuruzwa, bizwi kandi nk'icyuma.
14. Ibinogo: bivuga umwobo muto (cyangwa amaso y'ingurube y'amaso y'ingurube, pinholes) uboneka hejuru ya glaze.
15. Kugwa kwa Slag: bivuga ivu rya saggar hamwe nibindi bice bya slag bifatanye hejuru yubuso bwibicuruzwa.
16. Uruhande rwo hasi rwometseho icyapa: bivuga uduce duto duto twiziritse kumpera yikirenge cyibicuruzwa.
17. Ingingo y'urushinge: inzira yasizwe n'inkunga ku bicuruzwa.
18. Inkovu ifatanye: inenge iterwa no guhuza umubiri wicyatsi nikintu cyamahanga mugihe cyo kurasa.
19. Ihwa ryumuriro: Ubuso bwumukara buterwa n ivu ryisazi mumuriro.
20. Kubura glaze: Yerekeza ku gutesha agaciro igice cyibicuruzwa.
21, glaze glaze: bivuga glaze isa nigishishwa cya orange.
22. Icyondo cya glaze umurongo: bivuga ikintu kimeze nkumugozi wumubiri wicyatsi hamwe nubuso bwa glaze buzamurwa igice.
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24. Ibara ryanduye: bivuga isura yamabara atandukanye hejuru yibicuruzwa bitagomba kuba bihari.
25. Ibara ritari ryo: bivuga ibara ritaringaniye ryuburyo bumwe cyangwa ibintu byo kubura urumuri biterwa no kubura umuriro.
26. Kubura imirongo: bivuga inenge zumurongo nimpande zishushanyijeho imirongo.
27. Kubura amashusho: Yerekeza kuri phenomenon yifoto ituzuye namabara atariyo.
28. Indabyo zitetse zometseho glaze: bivuga irangi ryamabara hamwe no kwangirika kwizuba hejuru yubuso bwibicuruzwa mugihe cyo guteka.
29. Ibirenge byanduye byanduye: Yerekeza kubindi byanduye bifatanye kumaguru yo hepfo no guhinduka ibara.
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32. Zahabu yubururu: Ikintu cyubururu cyatewe nicyuma cyoroshye.
33. Umwotsi: bivuga isura yumukara, umukara numukara igice cyangwa ibicuruzwa byose.
34. Umuhondo Yin: bivuga igice cyangwa umuhondo wuzuye wibicuruzwa.
35. Glaze scratches: bivuga ibintu byerekana umurongo no gutakaza igice cyumucyo hejuru yibicuruzwa.
36. Igituba: bivuga ingaruka igice cyangwa gutema ibicuruzwa, bizwi kandi nko gukomeretsa bikomeye.
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38. Igishushanyo cyinshi: bivuga igishushanyo mbonera cyerekanwe nurumuri rutaringaniye rwibicuruzwa.
Ikizamini cyumubiri na chimique
1. Ikizamini cyo kwinjiza amazi yubukorikori bwa buri munsi
2. Kugenzura ituze ryumuriro wubutaka bwurugo
3. Umweru wubutaka bwa buri munsi
4. Kugenzura isasu na kadmium iseswa rya ceramics-ya buri munsi.
Igenzura ryiza rya buri munsi
1. Ibisobanuro bya farashi nziza yo gukoresha buri munsi
Ibicuruzwa byihariye bigabanijwemo bidasanzwe, binini, biciriritse, na bito. Ibirimo byihariye bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe:
2. Gutondekanya feri nziza yo gukoresha buri munsi
Buri munsi farashi nziza igabanijwemo ibyiciro bine ukurikije ubwiza bwibigaragara, kandi ibisabwa byihariye nibi bikurikira:
Ntabwo arenze ubwoko 4 bwinenge kubicuruzwa byo murwego rwa mbere;
Ibicuruzwa byo mucyiciro cya kabiri ntibishobora kurenga inenge 5 kubicuruzwa;
Buri gicuruzwa cyibicuruzwa byo mucyiciro cya gatatu ntibishobora kurenga ubwoko 6 bwinenge;
Buri gicuruzwa cyo mu cyiciro cya 4 ntigishobora kugira ubwoko burenze 7 bwinenge;
Mubyongeyeho, ukurikije ibipimo, birasabwa kandi:
1. Igipimo cyo gufata amazi ntigomba kurenga 0.5%.
2. Ibisabwa kugirango ubushyuhe bwumuriro bushoboke, kuva 200 ℃ kugeza 20 ℃ amazi, guhana ubushyuhe ntibizacika rimwe (ubushinwa bwamagufwa ntibugarukira).
3. Umweru wa farashi yera ntishobora kuba munsi ya 65%, usibye ibicuruzwa bifite ibara ryubururu nuburyo bwihariye bwamabara.
4. Iseswa rya gurşu hejuru yo guhuza ibiryo ntabwo irenze 7PPM, kandi iseswa rya kadmium ntirenza 0.5PPM.
5. Kwihanganira diameter. Kuri diameter ingana cyangwa irenga mm 60, emera kuva + 1.5% kugeza -1%; kuri diametero zitarenze mm 60, emera ± 2%.
6. Iyo inkono ihengamye kuri dogere 70, umupfundikizo ntugomba kugwa. Iyo umupfundikizo wimuriwe kuruhande rumwe, intera iri hagati yumupfundikizo na spout ntigomba kurenza mm 3. Umunwa wa spout ntugomba kuba munsi ya mm 3 uvuye kuri spout.
7. Ibara rya glaze nibara ryibara ryibicuruzwa bigomba kuba bimwe, kandi ibisobanuro nubunini bigomba kuba bihuye.
8. Ntabwo byemewe gukaranga, gukubita, guturika no gutemba byemewe.
Kugenzura buri munsi ububumbyi bwiza
1. Ibisobanuro byumubumbyi mwiza wa buri munsi
Ibicuruzwa byihariye bigabanijwemo bidasanzwe, binini, biciriritse, na bito. Ibirimo byihariye bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe
2. Gutanga ibumba ryiza rya buri munsi
Umubumbyi mwiza wa buri munsi ugabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu ukurikije ubwiza bugaragara, ibisabwa byihariye nibi bikurikira:
Ibicuruzwa byo mucyiciro cya mbere ntibishobora kurenga inenge 5 kubicuruzwa;
Ibicuruzwa byo mucyiciro cya kabiri ntibishobora kurenga inenge 6 kubicuruzwa;
Buri gicuruzwa cyibicuruzwa byo mucyiciro cya gatatu ntibishobora kurenga ubwoko 8 bwinenge;
Byongeye kandi, ibipimo biteganya ko:
1. Ubwiza bw'ipine ni bwinshi, kandi igipimo cyo gufata amazi ntikirenza 15%.
2. Ubuso bwa glaze buroroshye kandi ibara ryera.
3. Ibisabwa kugirango ubushyuhe butajegajega, kuva 200 ℃ kugeza 20 ℃ amazi, guhana ubushyuhe ntibizacika rimwe.
4. Ibicuruzwa bigomba kuba binini kandi bihamye iyo bishyizwe hejuru.
5. Kwihanganira diameter yibicuruzwa, kwihanganira ni + 1.5% kugeza 1% kuri diameter irenze cyangwa ingana na mm 60, kandi kwihanganira ni ± 2% kuri diameter iri munsi ya mm 60.
6. Ingano yumupfundikizo numunwa wibicuruzwa byose bitwikiriye bigomba kuba bikwiye.
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8. Ibara rya glaze, ishusho nuburabyo bwibicuruzwa byuzuye bigomba kuba bimwe, kandi ibisobanuro nubunini bigomba kuba bihuye.
9. Iseswa rya gurşu hejuru yibiryo hamwe nibiribwa ntabwo birenze 7PPM, kandi gusesa kadmium ntabwo birenze 0.5PPM.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-16-2022