Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urasaba ko hakemurwa ibibazo by’ingenzi byagaragaye mu isuzuma ry’ibikoresho byita ku biribwa (FCMs), kandi inama rusange kuri iki kibazo ikazarangira ku ya 11 Mutarama 2023, icyemezo cya komite kikaba giteganijwe mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2023. Ibi. ibibazo bikomeye bijyanye no kutagira amategeko ya EU FCMs namategeko agenga EU.
Ibisobanuro ni ibi bikurikira: 01 Imikorere idahagije yisoko ryimbere nibibazo byumutekano bishobora kuba kuri FCMs idafite plastike Inganda nyinshi usibye plastike ntizifite amategeko yihariye y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, bigatuma nta rwego rw’umutekano rusobanutse bityo rero nta shingiro ryemewe n'amategeko ryerekeye inganda gukora ku kubahiriza. Nubwo amategeko yihariye abaho kubikoresho bimwe na bimwe kurwego rwigihugu, akenshi usanga bitandukanye cyane mubihugu bigize uyu muryango cyangwa bishaje, bigatuma habaho kurengera ubuzima buke kubenegihugu b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ndetse n’ubucuruzi buremereye bitari ngombwa, nka sisitemu yo gupima byinshi. Mu bindi bihugu bigize uyu muryango, nta tegeko ry’igihugu rihari kuko nta mutungo uhagije wo gukora wenyine. Nk’uko abafatanyabikorwa babitangaza, ibyo bibazo binatera ibibazo ku mikorere y’isoko ry’Uburayi. Kurugero, FCMs zingana na miliyari 100 zama euro kumwaka, muribyo hafi bibiri bya gatatu birimo gukora no gukoresha ibikoresho bitari plastike, harimo ninganda nyinshi nto n'iziciriritse. 02 Urutonde rwiza rutanga uburenganzira bwo Kutibanda kubicuruzwa byanyuma Gutanga urutonde rwiza rwo kwemeza ibikoresho bya plastike FCM yo gutangiza nibikoresho bisabwa biganisha ku mabwiriza ya tekiniki akomeye cyane, ibibazo bifatika byo kuyishyira mu bikorwa no kuyicunga, n'umutwaro uremereye ku bayobozi ba leta n'inganda. . Ishirwaho ryurutonde ryateje imbogamizi ikomeye yo guhuza amategeko kubindi bikoresho nka wino, reberi hamwe n’ibiti. Mubushobozi bwo gusuzuma ingaruka hamwe ninshingano za EU nyuma, bizatwara hafi imyaka 500 yo gusuzuma ibintu byose bikoreshwa muri FCM idahuje. Kongera ubumenyi bwa siyansi no gusobanukirwa na FCMs byerekana kandi ko isuzuma rigarukira gusa ku bikoresho byo gutangira ridakemura bihagije umutekano w’ibicuruzwa byanyuma, harimo umwanda n’ibintu byakozwe mu gihe cy’umusaruro. Hariho no kutita kubikorwa bishobora gukoreshwa no kuramba kubicuruzwa byanyuma ningaruka zo gusaza kwibintu. 03 Kubura ibyihutirwa hamwe nisuzuma rigezweho ryibintu byangiza cyane Urwego rwa FCM rwubu ntirufite uburyo bwo gusuzuma byihuse amakuru mashya yubumenyi, urugero, amakuru afatika ashobora kuboneka mumabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Hariho kandi kubura guhuzagurika mu bikorwa byo gusuzuma ingaruka ku byiciro bimwe cyangwa bisa n’ibindi bisuzumwa n’ibindi bigo, nk’ikigo cy’ibihugu by’Uburayi gishinzwe imiti (ECHA), bityo hakaba hakenewe kunozwa uburyo “bumwe, isuzuma rimwe”. Byongeye kandi, nk'uko EFSA ibivuga, isuzuma ry’ingaruka naryo rigomba kunonosorwa kugira ngo rirusheho kurengera amatsinda atishoboye, ashyigikira ibikorwa byatanzwe mu ngamba z’imiti. 04 Guhana bidahagije byumutekano no kubahiriza amakuru murwego rwo gutanga, ubushobozi bwo kwemeza ko byangiritse. Usibye gutoranya no gusesengura kumubiri, ibyangombwa byubahirizwa nibyingenzi mukumenya umutekano wibikoresho, kandi birasobanura imbaraga zinganda kugirango umutekano wa FCMs. Akazi k'umutekano. Ihanahana ry'amakuru mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa naryo ntirihagije kandi mu mucyo bihagije kugira ngo ubucuruzi bwose butangwe mu gutanga amasoko kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byanyuma bitekane ku baguzi, no gutuma ibihugu bigize uyu muryango bigenzura ibi hamwe na sisitemu ishingiye ku mpapuro. Kubwibyo, uburyo bugezweho, bworoshe kandi bwimibare myinshi ijyanye nikoranabuhanga rigenda rihinduka hamwe nikoranabuhanga rya IT bizafasha kuzamura ibyo kubazwa, amakuru atemba no kubahiriza. 05 Gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza ya FCM akenshi usanga bikennye Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ntibifite amikoro ahagije cyangwa ubumenyi buhagije bwo kubahiriza amategeko ariho mu bijyanye no gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza ya FCM. Isuzuma ryinyandiko zubahiriza risaba ubumenyi bwihariye, kandi kutubahiriza iboneka hashingiwe kuburanira mu rukiko. Nkigisubizo, kubahiriza ubu bishingiye cyane cyane kubisesengura kubuza kwimuka. Nyamara, mubintu bigera kuri 400 bibujijwe kwimuka, abagera kuri 20 gusa ni bo baboneka hamwe nuburyo bwemewe. 06 Amabwiriza ntazirikana byimazeyo umwihariko wa SMEs Sisitemu iriho ubu itera ibibazo cyane cyane SMEs. Ku ruhande rumwe, amategeko ya tekiniki arambuye ajyanye nubucuruzi biragoye cyane kubyumva. Ku rundi ruhande, kutagira amategeko yihariye bivuze ko bidafite ishingiro ryo kwemeza ko ibikoresho bitari plastiki byubahiriza amabwiriza, cyangwa bidafite amikoro yo gukemura amategeko menshi mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango, bityo bikagabanya urugero ibicuruzwa byabo bishobora gucuruzwa hirya no hino muri EU. Byongeye kandi, ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse akenshi ntibifite amikoro yo gusaba ibintu bisuzumwa kugirango byemererwe bityo bigomba gushingira kubisabwa byashyizweho nabakinnyi bakomeye. 07 Amabwiriza ntashishikarizwa guteza imbere ubundi buryo bwizewe, burambye burambye Amategeko agenga imicungire y’ibiribwa muri iki gihe atanga bike cyangwa nta shingiro ryo gushyiraho amategeko ashyigikira kandi atera inkunga ubundi buryo bwo gupakira ibintu cyangwa kurinda umutekano w’ubundi buryo. Ibikoresho byinshi byumurage nibintu byemewe hashingiwe ku gusuzuma ibyago bidakabije, mugihe ibikoresho bishya nibintu bigomba kugenzurwa. 08 Urwego rwo kugenzura ntirusobanuwe neza kandi rugomba kongera gusuzumwa. N’ubwo amabwiriza ya 1935/2004 ariho ateganya ingingo, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inama nyunguranabitekerezo yakozwe mu gihe cy’isuzuma, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’ababajijwe bagize icyo bavuga kuri iki kibazo bavuze ko ari Biragoye cyane cyane kuba mu mategeko agenga FCM iriho ubu . Kurugero kora ameza ya plastike akenera gutangaza ko yubahirijwe.
Intego rusange yiyi gahunda nshya ni ugushiraho uburyo bunoze, butazaza kandi bugashyirwa mu bikorwa gahunda y’ubuyobozi bwa FCM ku rwego rw’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bwita ku buryo buhagije umutekano w’ibiribwa n’ubuzima rusange, byemeza imikorere myiza y’isoko ry’imbere, kandi bigateza imbere kuramba. Intego yacyo ni ugushiraho amategeko angana kubucuruzi bwose no gushyigikira ubushobozi bwabo bwo kurinda umutekano wibikoresho byanyuma. Iyi gahunda nshya yuzuza ingamba z’imiti yiyemeje kubuza ko habaho imiti ishobora guteza akaga no gushimangira ingamba zita ku guhuza imiti. Urebye intego za gahunda y’ubukungu bw’ibikorwa (CEAP), ishyigikira ikoreshwa ry’ibisubizo birambye bipfunyika, biteza imbere udushya mu bikoresho bitekanye, bitangiza ibidukikije, bikoreshwa kandi bikoreshwa neza, kandi bifasha kugabanya imyanda y’ibiribwa. Iyi gahunda kandi izaha imbaraga ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi gushyira mu bikorwa neza amategeko yavuyemo. Amategeko azakoreshwa no kuri FCMs yatumijwe mu bihugu bya gatatu igashyirwa ku isoko ry’Uburayi.
Amavu n'amavuko Ubusugire n'umutekano by'ibikoresho byo guhuza ibiryo (FCMs) ni ngombwa, ariko imiti imwe n'imwe irashobora kuva muri FCM mu biryo, bigatuma abaguzi bahura nibi bintu. Kubwibyo rero, mu rwego rwo kurengera abaguzi, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EC) No 1935/2004 ushyiraho amategeko shingiro y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kuri FCMs zose, ikigamijwe ni ukurinda urwego rwo hejuru rwo kurengera ubuzima bw’abantu, kurengera inyungu z’abaguzi no gukora neza imikorere yisoko ryimbere. Iri tegeko risaba umusaruro wa FCMs kugirango imiti itoherezwa mubicuruzwa byibiribwa byangiza ubuzima bwabantu, ikanashyiraho andi mategeko, nkayerekeye kuranga no gukurikiranwa. Iremera kandi gushyiraho amategeko yihariye y’ibikoresho byihariye kandi ishyiraho uburyo bwo gusuzuma ingaruka z’ibintu n’ikigo cy’ibihugu by’Uburayi gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa (EFSA) kandi amaherezo Komisiyo ikabiha uburenganzira. Ibi byashyizwe mubikorwa kuri plastiki FCMs zashyizweho kugirango hashyirweho ibisabwa hamwe nurutonde rwibintu byemewe, kimwe n’ibibujijwe nko kubuza kwimuka. Kubindi bikoresho byinshi, nkimpapuro namakarito, ibyuma nibirahure, ibyuma, ibifuniko, silikoni na reberi, ntamategeko yihariye kurwego rwubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, gusa amategeko amwe n'amwe y'igihugu. Ingingo z’ibanze z’amategeko y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi zasabwe mu 1976 ariko ziherutse gusuzumwa. Inararibonye mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amategeko, ibitekerezo by’abafatanyabikorwa, hamwe n’ibimenyetso byakusanyijwe binyuze mu isuzuma rihoraho ry’amategeko ya FCM byerekana ko bimwe mu bibazo bifitanye isano no kutagira amategeko yihariye y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ibyo bikaba byaratumye habaho gushidikanya ku mutekano wa FCM zimwe na zimwe ndetse n’impungenge z’isoko ry’imbere. . Andi mategeko yihariye y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ashyigikiwe n’abafatanyabikorwa bose barimo ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Uburayi, inganda n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-28-2022