Ubumenyi bwo kugenzura uruganda rugomba kumvikana mubucuruzi bwamahanga

Kuri sosiyete yubucuruzi cyangwa uyikora, mugihe cyose irimo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, byanze bikunze guhura nigenzura ryuruganda. Ariko ntugahagarike umutima, ugire imyumvire runaka yo kugenzura uruganda, witegure nkuko bisabwa, kandi ahanini urangize neza. Tugomba rero kubanza kumenya igenzura icyo aricyo.

Igenzura ry'uruganda ni iki?

Igenzura ry'uruganda ”ryitwa kandi ubugenzuzi bw'uruganda, ni ukuvuga, mbere yuko amashyirahamwe, ibirango cyangwa abaguzi batanga amabwiriza ku nganda zo mu ngo, bazagenzura cyangwa basuzume uruganda bakurikije ibisabwa bisanzwe; muri rusange igabanijwe mu igenzura ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu (kugenzura inshingano z’imibereho), kugenzura ubuziranenge Uruganda (kugenzura uruganda rwa tekiniki cyangwa gusuzuma ubushobozi bw’umusaruro), kugenzura uruganda rwo kurwanya iterabwoba (kugenzura uruganda rutanga umutekano), nibindi.; ubugenzuzi bwuruganda ni inzitizi yubucuruzi yashyizweho n’ibirango by’amahanga ku nganda zo mu gihugu, kandi inganda zo mu gihugu zemera ubugenzuzi bw’uruganda nazo zishobora kubona amabwiriza menshi yo kurengera uburenganzira n’inyungu z’impande zombi.

Ubumenyi bwo kugenzura uruganda rugomba kumvikana mubucuruzi bwamahanga

Igenzura ryinshingano zuruganda

Igenzura ry'imibereho myiza y'abaturage muri rusange rikubiyemo ibintu by'ingenzi bikurikira: Imirimo ikoreshwa abana: uruganda ntirushobora gushyigikira ikoreshwa ry'imirimo ikoreshwa abana; Imirimo y'agahato: uruganda ntirushobora guhatira abakozi barwo gukora; Ubuzima n’umutekano: uruganda rugomba guha abakozi barwo akazi keza kandi keza; ubwisanzure bwo kwishyira hamwe n’uburenganzira bwo guhuriza hamwe:

uruganda rugomba kubahiriza uburenganzira bwabakozi bwo gushinga no kwinjira mu mashyirahamwe y’abakozi kugira ngo bumvikane hamwe; ivangura: Ku bijyanye n'akazi, urwego rw'imishahara, amahugurwa y'imyuga, kuzamura akazi, gusesa amasezerano y'umurimo, na politiki y'izabukuru, isosiyete ntishobora gushyira mu bikorwa cyangwa gushyigikira politiki iyo ari yo yose ishingiye ku bwoko, icyiciro rusange, Ivangura rishingiye ku bwenegihugu, idini, ubumuga bw'umubiri , igitsina, icyerekezo cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina, abanyamuryango, ubumwe bwa politiki, cyangwa imyaka; Ingamba zo guhana: Abashoramari ntibashobora kwitoza cyangwa gushyigikira ikoreshwa ryibihano byumubiri, agahato ko mumutwe cyangwa kumubiri, no gutukana; Amasaha y'akazi: Isosiyete igomba kubahiriza amategeko akurikizwa n'amahame agenga inganda mubijyanye n'akazi n'amasaha y'ikiruhuko; Urwego rw'imishahara n'imibereho myiza: Isosiyete igomba kwemeza ko abakozi bahembwa umushahara n’inyungu hakurikijwe amahame shingiro y’amategeko cyangwa inganda; Sisitemu yo gucunga: Ubuyobozi bwo hejuru bugomba gushyiraho umurongo ngenderwaho w’inshingano z’imibereho n’uburenganzira ku murimo kugira ngo hubahirizwe amahame yose y’igihugu kandi yubahirize andi mategeko akurikizwa; kurengera ibidukikije: kurengera ibidukikije ukurikije amabwiriza yaho. Kugeza ubu, abakiriya batandukanye bashizeho uburyo butandukanye bwo kwemererwa kubashinzwe gutanga imibereho myiza yabatanga isoko. Ntibyoroshye ko umubare munini wibigo byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze byubahiriza byimazeyo amategeko n'amabwiriza n'ibisabwa abakiriya b'abanyamahanga mubijyanye n'inshingano mbonezamubano. Nibyiza ko ibigo byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze byunvikana muburyo bwihariye bwo kwemerera abakiriya mbere yo gutegura igenzura ryabakiriya, kugirango babashe gutegura imyiteguro igamije, kugirango bakureho inzitizi zibicuruzwa byubucuruzi bwamahanga. Ibikunze kugaragara cyane ni icyemezo cya BSCI, Sedex, WCA, SLCP, ICSS, SA8000 (inganda zose ku isi), ICTI (inganda zikinisha), EICC (inganda za elegitoroniki), WRAP muri Amerika (imyambaro, inkweto n'ingofero n'ibindi inganda), umugabane w’Uburayi BSCI (inganda zose), ICS (inganda zicuruza) mu Bufaransa, ETI / SEDEX / SMETA (inganda zose) mu Bwongereza, nibindi.

Igenzura ryiza

Abakiriya batandukanye bashingira kuri ISO9001 sisitemu yo gucunga neza ibisabwa no kongeramo ibyo bakeneye byihariye. Kurugero, kugenzura ibikoresho fatizo, kugenzura inzira, kugenzura ibicuruzwa byarangiye, gusuzuma ingaruka, nibindi, no gucunga neza ibintu bitandukanye, kurubuga rwa 5S, nibindi. Ibipimo byingenzi byapiganwa ni SQP, GMP, QMS, nibindi.

Kugenzura uruganda rwo kurwanya iterabwoba

Igenzura ry’uruganda rwo kurwanya iterabwoba: Ryagaragaye nyuma y’ibyabaye ku ya 9/11 muri Amerika. Mubisanzwe, hari ubwoko bubiri, aribwo C-TPAT na GSV.

Itandukaniro riri hagati yicyemezo cya sisitemu hamwe nabakiriya bagenzura uruganda Icyemezo cya sisitemu bivuga ibikorwa abategura sisitemu zitandukanye bemerera kandi bagashinga umuryango w’abandi bantu batabogamye gusuzuma niba ikigo cyatsinze igipimo runaka gishobora kuba cyujuje ubuziranenge. Ubugenzuzi bwa sisitemu burimo cyane cyane ubugenzuzi bwinshingano mbonezamubano, ubugenzuzi bwa sisitemu yubuziranenge, ubugenzuzi bwa sisitemu y’ibidukikije, ubugenzuzi bwa sisitemu yo kurwanya iterabwoba, n'ibindi. Ibipimo nk'ibi birimo BSCI, BEPI, SEDEX / SMETA, WRAP, ICTI, WCA, SQP, GMP, GSV, SA8000, ISO9001, nibindi.

Kugenzura uruganda rwabakiriya bivuga amahame yimyitwarire yateguwe nabakiriya batandukanye (ba nyiri ibicuruzwa, abaguzi, nibindi) bakurikije ibyo basabwa hamwe nibikorwa byo gusuzuma bikorwa n'ikigo. Bamwe muri aba bakiriya bazashyiraho amashami yabo y'ubugenzuzi kugirango bakore ubugenzuzi busanzwe ku ruganda; bamwe bazemerera ikigo cyagatatu gukora ubugenzuzi kuruganda bakurikije ibipimo byabo. Abakiriya nkabo barimo cyane cyane: WALMART, TARGET, CARREFOUR, AUCHAN, DISNEY, NIKE, LIFENG, nibindi. Mubikorwa byubucuruzi bw’amahanga, kurangiza neza inzira yubugenzuzi bwuruganda bifitanye isano itaziguye namabwiriza yabacuruzi ninganda, nayo ifite guhinduka ingingo ibabaza inganda zigomba gukemura. Muri iki gihe, abacuruzi n’inganda benshi bamenya akamaro ko kuyobora ubugenzuzi bw’uruganda, ariko uburyo bwo guhitamo serivisi itanga ubugenzuzi bwizewe no kuzamura igipimo cy’ubugenzuzi bw’uruganda ni ngombwa.