Iyo ukora ubucuruzi mumahanga, intego zahoze zitagera kubigo ubu zimaze kugerwaho. Ariko, ibidukikije byamahanga biragoye, kandi kwihutira gusohoka mugihugu byanze bikunze bizavamo kumena amaraso. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa cyane gusobanukirwa ibikenewe n’abakoresha b’amahanga no guhuza n’amategeko. Icy'ingenzi muri aya mategeko ni ubugenzuzi bwuruganda cyangwa icyemezo cyumushinga.
Koherezwa mu Burayi no muri Amerika, birasabwa gukorerwa igenzura rya BSCI.
1.Igenzura ry’uruganda rwa BSCI, izina ryuzuye rya Business Social Compliance Initiative, ni ishyirahamwe rishinzwe imibereho myiza y’ubucuruzi risaba inganda zibyara umusaruro ku isi kubahiriza inshingano z’imibereho, gukoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura BSCI mu guteza imbere gukorera mu mucyo no kunoza imikorere y’akazi muri urwego rwogutanga isi yose, no kubaka urwego rwitangwa ryimyitwarire.
2. Kugenzura uruganda rwa BSCI ni pasiporo yimyenda, imyenda, inkweto, ibikinisho, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, ububumbyi, imizigo, hamwe ninganda zigamije kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muburayi.
3.Nyuma yo gutsinda ubugenzuzi bwuruganda rwa BSCI, nta cyemezo kizatangwa, ariko raporo izatangwa. Raporo igabanijwemo inzego eshanu ABCDE. Urwego C rufite agaciro kumwaka umwe naho Urwego AB rufite imyaka ibiri. Ariko, hazabaho ibibazo byubugenzuzi butunguranye. Kubwibyo, muri rusange Urwego C rurahagije.
4.Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kubera imiterere yisi yose ya BSCI, irashobora gusaranganywa hagati yibirango, bityo abakiriya benshi barashobora gusonerwa ubugenzuzi bwuruganda. Nkuko LidL, ALDI, C&A, Coop, Esprit, Metro Group, Walmart, Disney , n'ibindi.
Ibigo byohereza mu Bwongereza birasabwa gukora: Kugenzura uruganda rwa SMETA / Sedex
1.Sedex (Abanyamuryango ba Sedex Ethical Trade Audit) ni umuryango w’abanyamuryango ku isi ufite icyicaro i Londere mu Bwongereza. Isosiyete aho ariho hose ku isi irashobora gusaba kuba umunyamuryango. Kugeza ubu ifite abanyamuryango barenga 50.000, kandi ibigo byabanyamuryango bikwirakwijwe mubyiciro byose kwisi. .
2.Ubugenzuzi bwuruganda rwa Sedex ni pasiporo yamasosiyete yohereza ibicuruzwa mu Burayi, cyane cyane Ubwongereza.
3.Tesco, George nabandi bakiriya benshi barabimenye.
4. Raporo ya Sedex ifite agaciro kumwaka umwe, kandi imikorere yihariye iterwa nabakiriya.
Ibyoherezwa muri Amerika bisaba abakiriya kubona ibyemezo byo kurwanya iterabwoba GSV na C-TPAT
1. C-TPAT (GSV) ni gahunda ku bushake yatangijwe na Minisiteri ishinzwe umutekano mu gihugu cya Amerika ishinzwe umutekano wa gasutamo no kurinda imipaka (“CBP”) nyuma y'ibyabaye ku ya 9/11 mu 2001.
2. Passeport yo kohereza mumasosiyete yubucuruzi yo muri Amerika yo hanze
3. Icyemezo gifite agaciro kumwaka umwe kandi gishobora gutangwa nyuma yuko umukiriya abisabye.
Ibigo byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze birasaba icyemezo cya ICTI
1. ICTI (Inama mpuzamahanga y’inganda zikinisha), impfunyapfunyo y’inama mpuzamahanga y’inganda zikinisha ibikinisho, igamije guteza imbere inyungu z’inganda zikora ibikinisho mu turere twabanyamuryango no kugabanya no gukuraho inzitizi z’ubucuruzi. Ashinzwe gutanga amahirwe ahoraho yo kuganira no guhana amakuru no guteza imbere ibipimo byumutekano wibikinisho.
2. 80% by'ibikinisho bikorerwa mu Bushinwa bigurishwa mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba, bityo iki cyemezo ni pasiporo y’inganda zerekeza mu mahanga mu nganda zikinisha.
3. Icyemezo gifite agaciro kumwaka umwe.
Imishinga igamije kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze irasabwa kubona ibyemezo bya WRAP
1. WRAP (Umusaruro wemewe ku isi hose) Amahame ya WRAP akubiyemo amahame shingiro nkibikorwa byakazi, imiterere yuruganda, ibidukikije n’amabwiriza ya gasutamo, ayo akaba ari amahame cumi n'abiri azwi.
2. Passeport yimyenda n imyenda yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze
3. Icyemezo cyemewe: C icyiciro ni igice cyumwaka, B amanota numwaka umwe. Nyuma yo kubona amanota B mumyaka itatu ikurikiranye, izazamurwa kugeza A A. Urwego rufite imyaka ibiri.
4. Abakiriya benshi b’abanyaburayi n’abanyamerika barashobora gusonerwa ubugenzuzi bwuruganda. Nkuko: VF, Reebok, Nike, Triumph, M&S, nibindi.
Ibigo byohereza ibicuruzwa bijyanye n’ibiti birasaba icyemezo cy’amashyamba FSC
1.FSC (Ishyirahamwe ry’ibisonga by’amashyamba-Urunigi rwa Custosy) Icyemezo cy’amashyamba, nacyo cyitwa icyemezo cy’ibiti, kuri ubu ni gahunda yo kwemeza amashyamba ku isi yose ishyigikiwe n’amasoko azwi cyane ku masoko ategamiye kuri Leta y’ibidukikije n’ubucuruzi ku isi.
2.
2. Bikoreshwa mubyoherezwa mu mahanga n’inganda zitunganya ibiti n’inganda zitunganya
3. Icyemezo cya FSC gifite agaciro kumyaka 5 kandi kigenzurwa kandi kigasuzumwa buri mwaka.
4. Ibikoresho bibisi bisarurwa biva mu byemezo byemewe na FSC, kandi inzira zose zinyuze mu gutunganya, gukora, kugurisha, gucapa, ibicuruzwa byarangiye, no kugurisha abaguzi ba nyuma bigomba kuba bifite icyemezo cy’amashyamba cya FSC.
Ibigo bifite ibiciro byo gutunganya ibicuruzwa birenze 20% birasabwa kubona ibyemezo bya GRS
1. GRS (ku isi hose) Muri iyi si ya none yo kurengera ibidukikije, ibicuruzwa bifite ibyemezo bya GRS biragaragara ko birushanwe kurusha ibindi.
3.Ibicuruzwa bifite igipimo gisubirwamo kirenze 20% birashobora gukoreshwa
3. Icyemezo gifite agaciro kumwaka umwe
Amasosiyete ajyanye no kwisiga arasaba GMPC ibipimo byabanyamerika hamwe na ISO22716 yuburayi
1.GMPC nuburyo bwiza bwo gukora ibintu byo kwisiga, bigamije kurinda ubuzima bwabaguzi nyuma yo gukoreshwa bisanzwe.
2. Amavuta yo kwisiga agurishwa ku masoko yo muri Amerika n’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi agomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yo kwisiga yo muri Amerika yo muri Amerika cyangwa amabwiriza yo kwisiga y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi GMPC
3. Icyemezo kimaze imyaka itatu kandi kigenzurwa kandi kigasuzumwa buri mwaka.
Ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije, birasabwa kubona ibyemezo byimpeta icumi.
1. Ikimenyetso cy'impeta icumi (Ikimenyetso cy’ibidukikije mu Bushinwa) ni icyemezo cyemewe kiyobowe n’ishami rishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije. Irasaba ibigo byitabira gutanga ibyemezo byubahiriza ibipimo byibidukikije nibisabwa mugihe cyo gukora, gukoresha no gutunganya ibicuruzwa. Binyuze muri iki cyemezo, amasosiyete arashobora gutanga ubutumwa ko ibicuruzwa byabo bitangiza ibidukikije, byujuje ibisabwa kubidukikije, kandi birambye.
2. Ibicuruzwa bishobora kwemezwa birimo: ibikoresho byo mu biro, ibikoresho byo kubaka, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ibikenerwa bya buri munsi, ibikoresho byo mu biro, imodoka, ibikoresho, imyenda, inkweto, ibikoresho byo kubaka no gushariza hamwe n’indi mirima.
3. Icyemezo gifite agaciro kumyaka itanu kandi kigenzurwa kandi kigasuzumwa buri mwaka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-29-2024