kugenzura ikoti y'ubuzima

Ikoti y'ubuzima ni ubwoko bwibikoresho bikingira umuntu (PPE) bituma umuntu agenda neza mugihe aguye mumazi. Kubijyanye na tekiniki iranga ikoti yubuzima, hariho amahame mpuzamahanga namabwiriza yigihugu. Ubusanzwe amakoti yubuzima ni amakoti yubuzima bwa kopi hamwe na jackettes zubuzima. Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kugenzura amakoti y'ubuzima? Nigute ushobora kugenzura ikoti ryubuzima?

01 ubuzima bwikoti ryubuzima

1. Kugenzura ibipimo byamakoti yubuzima

Kohereza mu bihugu by’Uburayi- Amakoti yubuzima agomba kuba yujuje CE (cyangwa ISO). Hano hari inzego 3 zemeza ibyemezo, bigenwa na buoyancy ntarengwa itangwa na jacketi yubuzima, igaragarira muri Newtons: 100N - kubwato mu mazi arinzwe cyangwa ubwato bwo ku nkombe 150N - kubwato bwo mu nyanja 275N - kubwato bwimbitse bwinyanja no gusohoka mubihe bibi cyane Amerika - Iki gipimo gitangwa n’ingabo z’Amerika zirinda inkombe (USCG). Inzego 2 zimpamyabumenyi ziratandukanye cyane zishingiye kuri buoyancy byibuze, bisa nibipimo byuburayi. Urwego I: 150N kuri jacketi yubuzima butwikwa (100N kuri jackettes yubuzima). Birakwiriye kubwoko bwose bwubwato, harimo nibintu bigoye cyane. Urwego rwa II: 100N kuri jacketi yubuzima bwaka (70N kuri jackettes yubuzima). Birakwiriye imbere mu gihugu no mu mazi afunze.

2.Ibipimo byigihugu byo gupima ikoti ryubuzima

GB / T. Ikoti ryubuzima bwa Marine

Muri byose, amakoti yubuzima agomba kuba yujuje ubuziranenge bwigihugu cyoherezwa hanze nigikorwa urimo.

Ku ya 13 Nyakanga 2022, itegeko risanzwe rya GB 41731-2022 “Marine Inflatable Life Jackets” ryashyizwe ahagaragara kandi rizashyirwa mu bikorwa ku ya 1 Gashyantare 2023.

02 Igenzura ryibisabwa kubuzima bwa marine inflatable lifejackets 

1. Ibara ryamakoti yubuzima bwa marine yaka umuriro (aha ni ukuvuga "ikoti ryubuzima") agomba kuba orange-umutuku, orange-umuhondo cyangwa amabara agaragara.

2. Ikoti yubuzima igomba kuba ishobora kwambarwa kumpande zombi nta tandukaniro. Niba ishobora kwambarwa kuruhande rumwe, igomba kwerekanwa neza kuri jacket yubuzima.

3. Ikoti ryubuzima rigomba gufunga byihuse kandi byoroshye uwambaye kandi kwihuta kandi gukosora nta gufunga.

4. Ikoti ry'ubuzima rigomba gushyirwaho uburebure n'uburebure bukurikizwa byerekanwe ku mbonerahamwe ikurikira ku gice cyacyo kigaragara, kandi ikimenyetso cya “Ubuzima bw'abana bato” nacyo kigomba gushyirwaho ikoti ry'ubuzima bwumye bw'abana.

5. cy'icyemezo cya IMO MSC481 (102).

6. Niba ikoti ryubuzima bwabantu bakuru ridakozwe kubantu bafite uburemere burenze 140 kg hamwe n’umuzenguruko wigituza urenga 1750mm, hagomba gutangwa ibikoresho bikwiye kugirango ikoti ryubuzima rishobore kwomekwa kubantu nkabo.

7. Ikariso yubuzima igomba gutegurwa n'umurongo wa buoyant ushobora gutabwa cyangwa ibindi bigashyirwa mubikorwa kugirango bishoboke guhambirwa ikoti ryubuzima ryambarwa nundi muntu mumazi yumye,

8. Ikariso yubuzima igomba gutegurwa nigikoresho cyo guterura cyangwa umugereka wo gukuramo uwambaye mumazi mubwato bwubuzima / raft cyangwa ubwato bwabatabazi.

9. Ikoti ryubuzima rigomba kuba ryarateguwe nigikoresho cyamatara yubuzima, kigomba kuba cyujuje ibisabwa.

10. Ikoti y'ubuzima igomba kwishingikiriza ku cyumba cyo mu kirere cyaka cyane nka buoyancy, kandi ntigomba kuba munsi y'ibyumba bibiri byigenga byo mu kirere, kandi ifaranga rya kimwe mu byumba byo mu kirere ntigomba kugira ingaruka ku miterere y'izindi ngereko zo mu kirere. Nyuma yo kwibizwa mumazi, hagomba kubaho ibyumba byinshi byumye byumba bibiri byigenga byigenga byahise byuzura, kandi nigikoresho cyifaranga kigomba gutangwa icyarimwe, kandi buri cyumba cyikirere gishobora guhindurwamo umunwa.

11. Ikoti ryubuzima rigomba kuba ryujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa mugihe kimwe mubyumba byo mu kirere cyatakaje.

03 Ubugenzuzi bukenewe kuri jackettes zubuzima bwa marine 

1 Imyenda isize ibyumba byo mu kirere byaka

1.1 Gufata ibifuniko Impuzandengo yikigereranyo cyumye kandi gitose ntigomba kuba munsi ya 50N / 50mm. 1.2 Imbaraga z'amarira Impuzandengo y'amarira ntizigomba kuba munsi ya 35 N. 1.3 Kumena imbaraga no kumara igihe kirekire Impuzandengo yimbaraga zumye kandi zitose ntizigomba kuba munsi ya 200N, kandi kuramba kumeneka ntigomba kurenza 60%. 1.4 Kurwanya ibibyimba byoroshye Nyuma yikizamini cya flexural crack resistance, ntihakagombye kubaho ibice bigaragara cyangwa byangiritse. 1.5 Kwihuta kw'amabara yo guswera Kuma kandi bitose ibara ryihuta kurigata ntibishobora kuba munsi yicyiciro cya 3. 1.6 Kwihuta kwamabara kumuri Ibara ryihuta kumucyo ntirishobora kuba munsi yicyiciro cya 5. 1.7 Kwihuta kwamabara kumazi yinyanja Ibara ryihuta kumazi yinyanja bigomba nturi munsi yicyiciro cya 4.

2Igitambara2.1 Imbaraga zisanzwe zo kumena leta Impuzandengo yo kumeneka ntigomba kuba munsi ya 1600N2.2 Impuzandengo yo kumeneka nyuma yo gusaza ntigomba kuba munsi ya 1600N, kandi ntigomba kuba munsi ya 60% yimbaraga zisanzwe za leta.

3Buckle3.1 Imbaraga zisanzwe zo kumena imbaraga Impuzandengo yo kumeneka ntigomba kuba munsi ya 1600N. 3.2 Kumena imbaraga nyuma yo gusaza Impuzandengo yo kumeneka ntishobora kuba munsi ya 1600N, kandi ntishobora kuba munsi ya 60% yimbaraga zimeneka muburyo busanzwe. 3.3 Kumena imbaraga nyuma yo gutera umunyu Impuzandengo yo kumena imbaraga ntishobora kuba munsi ya 1600N, kandi ntishobora kuba munsi ya 60% yimbaraga zimeneka muburyo busanzwe.

04 Ibindi bisabwa kugirango ugenzure ikoti ryubuzima bwa marine

1.Ifirimbi- Ifirimbi ifite ikoti ryubuzima igomba kuba ishobora kumvikanisha ijwi mukirere ako kanya nyuma yo kwibizwa mumazi meza hanyuma igakurwa. Urwego rwumuvuduko wijwi rugomba kugera kuri 100dB (A). - Ifirimbi igomba kuba ikozwe mubintu bitari ibyuma, nta burr hejuru, kandi irashobora gukora ijwi idashingiye ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyimuka. - Ifirimbi ifunzwe ku ikoti y'ubuzima ifite umugozi muto, kandi kuyishyira ntibigomba kugira ingaruka ku mikorere ya jacketi y'ubuzima, kandi amaboko yambara agomba kuba ashobora kuyikoresha. - Imbaraga z'umugozi unanutse zigomba kuba zujuje ibisabwa 52 muri GB / T322348-2015

2.UbushyuheNyuma yubushyuhe 10 bwo hejuru kandi buke, genzura ikoti ryubuzima kugirango ugaragare. Ikariso yubuzima ntigomba kwerekana ibimenyetso byangiritse, nko kugabanuka, guturika, kubyimba, gusenyuka, cyangwa guhinduka mubintu bya mashini.

3.Imikorere idahwitse- Sisitemu yo guta agaciro no gukoresha intoki bigomba gukoreshwa kugirango byihute nyuma ya buri cyiciro cyizuba, kandi amakoti yubuzima agomba kuzuzwa byuzuye. - Nyuma yo kubikwa ahantu hafite ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 40 ° C hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwa -15 ° C mumasaha 8, amakoti yubuzima agomba kuzuzwa byuzuye na sisitemu yintoki.

4.

5. GutwikaIkoti y'ubuzima irarengerwa kuri 2s. Nyuma yo kuva mumuriro, reba isura yubuzima. Ntigomba gukomeza gutwika kurenza 6s cyangwa gukomeza gushonga.

6. Imbaraga- Imbaraga z'umubiri nimpeta yo guterura: umubiri nimpeta yo guterura ikoti yubuzima bigomba kuba bishobora kwihanganira imbaraga za 3200N kuri 30min nta byangiritse, kandi ikoti ryubuzima nimpeta yo guterura bigomba kwihanganira ibikorwa bya 2400N kuri 30min nta kwangiza amatwi. -Imbaraga zikomeye: Igitugu cya jacketi yubuzima kigomba kuba gishobora kwihanganira imbaraga za 900N kuri 30min nta cyangiritse, kandi igitugu cyubuzima bwabana kigomba kwihanganira imbaraga za 700N kuri 30min nta byangiritse.

7.Yambaye- Hatabayeho kuyobora, 75% byamasomo agomba kwambara ikoti yubuzima neza muminota 1min, kandi nyuma yubuyobozi, 100% byamasomo agomba kwambara ikoti ryubuzima neza muminota 1min. - Ukurikije imiterere yikirere cyintara, 100% byamasomo yavuzwe muri 4.91 bagomba kwambara ikoti ryubuzima neza muminota 1min - Ikizamini kigomba gukorwa hifashishijwe ikoti ryubuzima ryuzuye kandi ridashyizwe hejuru.

8.Imikorere y'amazi- Kugarura: Nyuma yisomo ryambaye ikoti ryubuzima, igihe cyo kugarura ntigomba kuba kinini kurenza igihe cyo kugarura wongeyeho 1s mugihe wambaye ikoti ryubuzima bukuze (RTD). Niba hari "non-flip", umubare wa "non-flip" ntugomba kurenza inshuro RTD yambarwa. RTD igomba kuba yujuje ibisabwa muri IMO MSC.1 / Circ1470 - Impirimbanyi ihagaze: Iyo isomo rihagaze neza hamwe na jacketi yatoranijwe ireba hejuru, igomba kuba yujuje ibi bikurikira. a) Uburebure busobanutse: Uburebure buringaniye bwibisobanuro byose ntibigomba kuba munsi yuburebure buringaniye buringaniye mugihe wambaye RTD ukuyemo 10mmo b) Inguni ya Torso: Impuzandengo yimpande yibice byose ntigomba kuba munsi yimpande zisanzwe mugihe wambaye RTD gukuramo 10mmo Jya kuri 10 ° -kugabanuka no kugwa mumazi: Nyuma yo kugwa mumazi no kwibira muri reta ihagaze yambaye ikoti ryubuzima, abakozi bipimisha bagomba kuba bujuje ibi bikurikira: a) Komeza abakozi bipimisha mumaso, na uburebure busobanutse bwabakozi bose bipimisha hejuru yubuso bwamazi ntiburi munsi ya 5103 Impuzandengo yuburebure busobanutse iyo wambaye RTD nkuko byagenwe no gupima ukuyemo minus 15mm: b) ikoti ryubuzima ntiriva kandi ntiritera imvune kubakozi bipimisha: c) ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumazi imikorere cyangwa kumeneka kwingirabuzimafatizo: d) ntabwo itera urumuri rwubuzima kugwa cyangwa kwangirika. - Guhagarara: Nyuma yikintu kiri mumazi, ikoti yubuzima ntigomba kunyeganyega kuruhande kugirango isura yikintu itaba mumazi. Nibura umubare umwe wamasomo muri leta imwe nigihe wambaye RTD. - Koga no kuva mumazi: Nyuma yo koga kuri 25m, umubare wamasomo wambaye ikoti yubuzima ushobora kuzamuka hejuru yubuzima cyangwa urubuga rukomeye 300mm hejuru y’amazi ntagomba kuba munsi ya 2/3 byumubare wamasomo. udafite amakoti y'ubuzima.

9.Umutwaro uremereyeNyuma yuko umutwe ucanye ukorewe imbaraga za (220 ± 10) N uhereye impande zose, ntihakagombye kwangirika. Ikoti y'ubuzima ntigomba kuva mu kirere kandi igakomeza guhumeka iminota 30.

10.Mu gitutuIkoti y'ubuzima imeze neza ntigomba kugira kubyimba cyangwa guhindura imiterere ya mashini nyuma yo gutwara umutwaro wa 75 kg, kandi ntihakagombye kubaho umwuka.

11. Imikorere y'ingutu- Kurenza urugero: Ikariso yubuzima igomba kuba ishobora kwihanganira umuvuduko ukabije wimbere mubushyuhe bwicyumba. Igomba kuguma idahwitse kandi igakomeza umuvuduko wa 30min.-Kurekura valve: Niba ikariso yubuzima ifite ibikoresho byo kurekura, igomba kuba ishobora kwemeza ko umuvuduko ukabije urekuwe. Ikariso yubuzima igomba kuguma idahwitse kandi igakomeza umuvuduko wayo muminota 30, ntigomba kwerekana ibimenyetso byangiritse nko guturika, kubyimba cyangwa guhindura imiterere yubukanishi, kandi ntibishobora kwangiza bigaragara ibice byaka. - Kugumana ikirere: Icyumba cyubuzima cyaka umuriro cyuzuyemo umwuka cyuzuye umwuka, ugashyirwa mubushyuhe bwicyumba cyamasaha 12, kugabanuka kwumuvuduko ntigomba kurenza 10%.

12.Ibice by'ibyuma- Ibice byibyuma nibigize kuri jacketi yubuzima bigomba kwihanganira kwangirika kwinyanja. Nyuma yikizamini cyo gutera umunyu ukurikije 5.151, ibice byicyuma ntibigaragaza ko byangirika cyangwa ngo bigire ingaruka kubindi bice byubuzima kandi ntibishobora gutesha agaciro imikorere yubuzima. - Iyo ibice byicyuma cyikoti yubuzima bishyizwe mumwanya wa 500mm uvuye kuri magnetiki, imbaraga zicyuma kuri compasique ya magneti ntigomba kurenga 5 °.

13. Irinde ifaranga ribiIkoti y'ubuzima igomba kugira umurimo wo gukumira ifaranga ritunguranye. Ibyavuzwe haruguru ni ibipimo byubugenzuzi bwamakoti yubuzima yoherezwa mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Amerika, ibipimo ngenderwaho bijyanye n’amakoti y’ubuzima, hamwe n’ibikoresho, isura ndetse n’ibisabwa kugira ngo bigenzurwe ku bibanza by’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja byinjira mu mazi.